The document discusses several early theories of motivation: - Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory proposes that people are motivated to fulfill basic physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. - McGregor's theory X and theory Y describe two views of employee motivation - theory X assumes people dislike work and need to be coerced while theory Y assumes people can exercise self-control if committed to objectives. - Herzberg's two-factor theory distinguishes between hygiene factors like pay and working conditions that prevent dissatisfaction and motivation factors like achievement and recognition that can satisfy employees.