Elephantiasis is the general term used for the disease which causes extreme swelling in the arms and legs. The tissues of the Lymph system become thick and inflamed. This disease also goes by the name Lymphatic Filariasis or Elephantitis.
GEMC - Parasitic Infections - for NursesOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Katherine A Perry from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
Elephantiasis is the general term used for the disease which causes extreme swelling in the arms and legs. The tissues of the Lymph system become thick and inflamed. This disease also goes by the name Lymphatic Filariasis or Elephantitis.
GEMC - Parasitic Infections - for NursesOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Katherine A Perry from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
Communicable diseases are illnesses that spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person, or from a surface or a food. Diseases can be transmitted during air travel through: direct contact with a sick person. respiratory droplet spread from a sick person sneezing or coughing.
Learning objectives
At the end of this unit, the students will be able to know about:
Epidemiological aspects of blood, and tissue sporozoan
Life cycle and pathogenesis of each blood, and tissue sporozoan
Necessary laboratory procedures for the detection and identification of blood, and tissue Sporozoa.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
1. Malaria
Introduction
• Malaria is a Mosquito-Borne febrile Disease caused by Malaria Parasites
• Malaria ( Mala means Bad and Aria means Air ) is a Protozoal Infection
• A disease caused by members of the protozoan genus Plasmodium, a wide spread group
of sporozoans that Parasites affect the human liver and red blood cells.
• Humans are infected with Plasmodium protozoa when bitten by an infective female
Anopheles mosquito vector.
• Symptoms may appear within weeks to months or even years.
• There are 4 species of Malaria Parasites :
1. plasmodium Falciparum
2. plasmodium Vivax
3. plasmodium ovale
4. plasmodium Malariae
• Malaria Found in about 100 Countries in the World
• Maximum Prevalence of Malaria is found in Warm & Humid Environment and Mostly
seen in July to November in India
• Optimal Temp & Humidity for the Development of Parasite is 20 to 30 F and about 60%
Humidity.
Incubation period
Malarial parasite name Incubation period
P. falciparum 9-14 days
P. vivax 8-17 days
P. ovale 16-18 days
P. malariae 18-40 days
Pathophysiology
Bite from an infected mosquito
↓
Parasite starts reproducing in the liver, some parasites remaining dormant for years before
becoming activated
↓
In the blood stream, further reproduction occurs within RBCs
↓
Parasite reproduction results in further RBC infection
↓
Cycles of RBC infection and destruction coincide with fever and chills
↓
Dormant versions of the parasite are ingested by another parasite
Investigations
• All clinically suspected malaria cases require laboratory examination and confirmation.
• History Collection
• Physical Examination
• M.P.(Malaria Parasite) Test
2. • The Peripheral Smear
• Bone Marrow Smear
• CBC, TC, DC
Differential diagnosis for uncomplicated malaria
Consider other illnesses, such as:
• Upper respiratory tract infection (Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, ear infection), pneumonia ,
measles, dengue, influenza, typhoid fever.
Remember that the patient may be suffering from more than one illness.
Consider other illness, such as:
• measles, meningitis, tonsilitis, dengue, otitis media (ear infection), influenza, pneumonia,
typhoid fever, tuberculosis, hypoglycemia.
Events in humans start with bite of mosquito
• Man – Intermediate host.
• Mosquito – Definitive host
• Sporozoites are infective forms
• Present in the salivary gland of female anopheles mosquito
• After bite of infected mosquito sporozoites are introduced into blood circulation.
Clinical manifestations
Central – Headache
Systemic – Fever
Muscular – Fatigue, Pain
Back – Pain
Skin – Chills, Sweating
Respiratory – Dry cough
Spleen – Enlargement
Stomach – Nausea, Vomiting
OR
• High fever with Headache
• Restlessness , Anorexia ,Diarrhoea
• arthralgia (joint pain)
• vomiting, anemia (caused by hemolysis)
• Chills with Rigors
• Hepatospleenomegaly
• Convulsions
• Coma ( If Severe )
Typically Paroxysmal Attack of Malarial Fever found in Three Stages .
• Cold Stage
• Hot Stage
• Sweating Stage
Treatment
Chloroquine (150 mg base/tab) 25 mg base/kg divided over 3 days
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3
10 mg base/kg stat, then
5 mg base/kg
5 mg base/kg Q24H 5 mg base/kg
Q24H
3. Primaquine (7.5 mg base/tab)
• Start concurrently with Chloroquine 0.5 mg base/tab Q24H for 2 weeks
• Take with food
• Check G6PD status before start primaquine
• In mild-to-moderate G6PD deficiency, Primaquine 0.75 mg base/kg body weight given
once a week for 8 weeks
• In severe G6PD deficiency, Primaquine is contraindicated and should not be used
•1 tab of chloroquine phosphate 250mg equivalent to 150mg base.
Calculation of dose for chloroquine is based on BASE, not SALT form. 1 tab of primaquine
phosphate contains 7.5mg base.
Malarila management
• Management of Malaria includes Following Measures.
1. Early Detection & Early Treatment
2. Mosquito Control Measures
3. Community
Early Detection
• Early Detection of Fever Cases in the Community by House to House Visit by the Health
Workers in Every 15 Days
• Early Administration of Chloroquine(CHQ) to All Fevers
• Collection of Blood Films (Thick & Thin) from Fever Cases & Laboratory Examinations
for Malaria Parasite
• Administration of Medical Treatment to All Positive Cases of Malaria
Mosquito measure
• Anti Adult Measure ( DDT Spraying)
• Anti Larval Measures ( Larvicidal Operations)
• Protection Against Mosquito Bites e.g.-Mosquito Nets , Repellent Creams etc)
Methods of control
• Removing or poisoning the breeding grounds of the mosquitoes or the aquatic habitats of
the larva stages, for example by filling or applying oil to places with standing water
• Spraying with DDT .
• Early management and disease surveillance
• Monitoring and evaluation – drug and insecticide resistance monitoring
Preventing malaria
A – (Awareness); Recognising malaria
B – (Bite prevention); Controlling mosquitos
C – (Chemoprophylaxis); Use preventive medication
D – (Diagnosis); Early recognition
National Malaria Eradication Programme
• Gov of India Launch this Programme in 1953
• The National Eradication Programme consists various Meausres
→ Administering Anti Malarial Drugs
→ Chloroquine 10mg/kg for 3 days
→ Ancodiaquine with 500 mg Sulfamethopyrazine ( 5 mg)
→ 25 mg Pyrimethamine with 500 mg Sulfadoxine