This document discusses severe and complicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection. It begins with an introduction to malaria as a disease caused by protozoan parasites and transmitted via mosquito bites. It then describes the four Plasmodium species that infect humans and their life cycles within and between human hosts. Finally, it defines severe malaria as P. falciparum infection accompanied by one or more serious complications such as altered mental status, low blood sugar, breathing issues, or organ dysfunction.

1. SEVERE/C
OMPLICAT
ED
MALARIA

2. INTRODUCTION
•Malaria is one of the oldest diseases known to
mankind that has had profound impact on our
history.
•It is a huge social, economical and health problem,
particularly in the tropical countries.
• Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease
caused by single-celled protozoan parasites of the
genus Plasmodium.
•Malaria is transmitted from person to person by
the bite of female anopheles mosquitoes.

3. GLOBAL HEALTH
PROBLEM

5. ETIOLOGY OF MALARIA
Four Species known to infect Man
1. Plasmodium vivax – Benign Tertian, tertian
malaria
2. P.ovale - Ovale tertian Malaria
3. P. malariae – Quartan malaria
4. P. falciparum – Falciparum malaria or
Malignant Tertian malaria.

6. HUMAN CYCLE
• Pre-erythrocytic
schizogony
• Erythrocytic
• Gametogony
• Exo- erythrocytic
schizogony

7. PATHOGENESIS

9. EXO-ERYTHROCYTIC
PHASE

11. ERYTHROCYTIC PHASE

13. GAMETOGOMY

14. PRE-ERYTHROCYTIC
PHASE

15. SEVERE MALARIA
• Complicated malaria caused by P.falciparum infection.
• It is an immediate threat to life and is therefore a medical emergency
which requires hospitalisation. Malaria is regarded as severe if there are
asexual forms of P.falciparum in blood plus one or more of the following
complications:
• - confusion, or drowsiness,
• - altered level of consciousness or coma,
• - hypoglycemia,
• - acidosis,
• - difficulty in breathing &,
• - respiratory distress syndrome

16. MANIFESTATIONS OF
SEVERE MALARIA

26. THANK YOU