This document discusses the mineral Makshika (Chalcopyrite). It provides the Sanskrit, Hindi, and English names. It details the chemical formula and properties such as color, crystals, fracture, and hardness. It describes the occurrence in India and types based on color. Purification and processing methods are explained, including heating with oils and crushing. The therapeutic uses and formulations using Makshika bhasma are mentioned. Rajata Makshika (Iron Pyrite) is also briefly discussed.

1. MAKSHIKA
(CHALCOPYRITE)
Dr.Saranya Sasi
Assistant Professor
PG Department of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 1

2. 1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 2

3. 1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 3

4. VERNACULAR NAME
 Sanskrit :
Svarna makshika – svarna makshika, dhatu makshika, taptija, hema
makshika ,tapya
Raupya makshika – sweta makshika, rajata makshika, taraja, Vimala,
tara makshika
 Hindi – makshika
 English : Chalcopyrite, marcasite
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 4

5. Chemical
formula
: CuFeS2
Chemical Name : Chalcopyrite or copper iron sulfide
Category : Sulphide mineral
Nature : often massive, rarely crystalline and less brittle
Colour : golden yellow
Crystals : tetragonal
Diaphaneity : Opaque
MINERALOGICAL IDENTIFICATION
1 July 2022
5
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka

6. Fracture : Uneven
Cleavage : Sometimes distinct
Tenacity : Brittle
Luster : Metallic
Streak : greenish black
Specific gravity : 3.4 to 3.7
Hardness : 3.5 to 4
1 July 2022
6
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka

7. OCCURENCE
 There is no natural occurrence of sandrita svarna makshika in India
or world
 It is processed material in the form of fine powder
 India –
 Hinudsthan Copper limited at khatedi (Rajasthan),
agahtasheela (Jharkhand), Malanjkhand (MP) – 90%
production
1 July 2022
7
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka

8. TYPES
‽ 2 Types
1. Swarna makshika (Chalcopyrite/copper pyrite – CuFeS2
2. Rajata makshika (Iron pyrite – FeS2 )
‽ 3 Types – Depending on colour
1. Peeta makshika (Swarna makshika)
2. Shukla makshika (Rajata makshika)
3. Rakta makshika (Kamsya makshika) ×
1 July 2022
8
Fit for therapeutic usage
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka

9. SWARNAMAKSHIKA – Chalcopyrite/Copperpyrite Cu2S,FeS3
ईषत्सुवर्णसाहित्यात्सुवर्णगुर्साम्यत: ।
सुवर्णध्युहतमत्त्वाद्वा स्वर्णमाहिकमुच्यते ॥ (र.त 21/2-3)
• It looks like gold & containing a little of gold
• It has also shining and properties like gold
• Yashodhara bhatt mentioned it as a ‘Navavarna svaravat’ &
Rasavagbhatt is using word ‘panchavarna svarnavat’ for
swarnamakshika
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 9

10. PARYAYA
सुवर्णमाहिकं स्वर्णमाहिकं िेममाहिकम् ।
मिीकं माहिकञ्चैव ताप्य धातुमािीकम् ॥
मािीकधातुञ्च तथा ताहिजञ्चाहि तन्मतम् । (र.त 21/1-2)
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 10

11. Characteristics Makshika Vimala
Chemical formula CuFeS2 FeS2
Colour Golden yellow Golden yellow
Crystal Orthorhombic Cubic
Angles No Cubic shape
Streak Greenish black Black
Metal content Cu (34.63%) Fe(30.43%) S Mainly – Fe
Cu in negligible amount
Arsenic in trace amount
Hardness 3.5 to 4 6 to 6.5
MAKSHIKA & VIMALA

12. GRAHYA SWAROOPA
हस्िग्धं गुरु श्यमलकाहन्त हकहञ्चत् कषे सुवर्णध्युहतसुप्रकामम् ।
कोर्ोहझितं स्वर्णसमािवर्ं सुवर्णमाहिकहमि प्रमस्तम् ॥ (र.त 21/4)
AGRAHYA SWAROOPA
खरं िरं वै गुरुताहविीिं प्रवृत्तकोर्ं खरलोिकाभम् ।
प्रकीहतणतम् तत्िररिेयमेव सुवर्णमािीकहमिामयज्ञै: (र.त 21/5)
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 12

13. SHODHANA – NECESSITY
अमोहधतं वाऽमृतमप्यमुद्धं हिषेहवतं माहिकमहिबाधाम् ।
मन्दािलं कुष्ठिलीमकादीि् कोष्ठाहिलं वै जियेहन्ितान्तम् ॥ (र.त 21/6)
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 13

14. SHODHANA
एरण्डतैललुड्गाम्बुहसध्दं मुद्ध्यहत माहिकम् ।
हसद्धं वा कदलीकन्दतोयेि घहिकाद्वयम् ॥
तप्तं हिप्तं वराक्वाथे मुहद्धमायाहत माहिकम् ॥ (र.र.स 2/83)
 Ashudha makshika  swedana (boil) with eranada taila + matulunga
swarasa / kadali kanda swarasa × 48 min
 Nirvapa in triphala Kashaya
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 14

15. MAARANA
मातुलुङ्गाम्बुगन्धाभयां हिष्टं मूषोदरे हस्थतम् ।
पञ्चक्रोडपुटैदणग्धं हियते माहिकं खलु ॥ (र.र.स 2/79)
[Shu.Swarna makshika (1p) + Shu.Gandhaka  khalva yantra + nimbu swarasa
 mardana  chakrika  sharava  gajaputa ] × 5 puta
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 15

16. BHASMA GUNA
सुवर्णमाहिकं वृष्यं मधुरं तु रसायिम् ।
हतक्तं स्वयणञ्च चिुष्यं हिदोषघ्िं िरं मतम् ॥
ियममांहस मेिाहि हवहवधा बहस्तवेदिा: ।
िाण्डु श्वयथुकुष्ठाहि हवषदोषाहदकाि् िरेत् ॥
जीर्णझवरमिस्मार मन्दािलरोचकम् ।
अहिद्रं िामयत्यामु योगवाहि िरं मतम् ॥ (र.त 21/26-28)
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 16

17. BHASMA MATRA
गुञ्जाद्धणत: समारभय बलकालाध्यिेिया ।
गुञ्जाहद्वतयियणन्तं माहिकं योजयेहिषक् ॥ (र.त 21/29​)
½ - 2 ratti (62.5 – 250mgs)
ANUPANA
अिुिािं वरा व्योषं वेल्लं साझयं हि माहिके । (आयु.प्र 4/10)
Triphala churna, trikatu churna, vidanga churna, ghee, honey
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 17

18. ASHUDHA MAKSHIKA BHASMA DOSHA & MANAGEMENT
अमुद्धं माहिकं कु ययादयन्ध्यं कु ष्ठं क्षयं क्रक्रमीि् ॥ (Rasarajasundara)
Rx
Kulattha Kashaya / dadima twak Kashaya
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 18

19. SATVAPAATANA
िादांमिङ्कर्ोिेतं महदणतं िेममाहिकम्।
ध्मातं मूषागतं सत्वं मुञ्चत्यामु सुहिश्चुतम् ॥ (र.त 21/46​)
Shu.Swarna makshika (1p) + shu.tankana (¼ P)  musha teevragni
 makshika satva (Cu)
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 19

20. FORMULATIONS
‫ﱟ‬ Chandraprabha vati
‫ﱟ‬ Grahani kapata rasa
‫ﱟ‬ Panchamrita parpati
‫ﱟ‬ Jayamangala rasa
‫ﱟ‬ Ratnagarbha pottali rasa
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 20

21. RAJATA MAKSHIKA – Iron Pyrite Fe2S3
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 21
ईषद्रौप्यस्य साहित्याद् वा रौप्यगुर्साम्यत: ।
रौप्यवद्ध्युहतमत्त्वाद्वा रौप्यमाहिकमुच्यते ॥ (र.त 21/2-3)
Rajata makshika is so called because it has the colour and shining of
silver

22. 1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 22
PARYAYA
रौप्यमाहिकमाख्यातं तारजं तारमाहिकम् ।
हवमलं श्वेतमाहिकं तथा रजतमाहिकम् ॥
ईषद्रौप्यस्य साहित्याद् वा रौप्यगुर्साम्यत: ।
रौप्यवद् ध्युहतमत्त्वाद्वा रौप्यमाहिकमुच्यते ॥ (र.त 21/55-56​)

23. GRAHYA SWAROOPA
स्निग्धं सकोणं गुरु च वर्ुुलं रजर्ोज्जज्जवलम ् ।
रौप्यवञ्चाचचक्याढ्यं जात्यं र्द्रौप्यमाक्षिकम ् ॥ (र.त 21/57)
AGRAHYA SWAROOPA
समलं लघु रूिञ्च कषेऽहतहम्लिच्छहव ।
अवतुणलं हववर्णञ्च िेयं स्याद्रौमाहिकम् ॥ (र.त 21/58)
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 23

24. SHODHANA
मेषश्रृङ्गीरसेिाहि दोलायन्िे हवधाित: ।
िाहचतं रौप्यमािीकं मुहद्धमायात्यिुत्तमाम् ॥ (र.त 21/66)
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 24

25. MAARANA - SIMILARITY
स्वर्णमाहिकवत्कायं रौप्यमाहिकमारर्म् ।
प्रयोगाल्ितया चास्य व्याख्यािं िाहधकं कृतम् ॥ र.त 21/68
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 25
BHASMA GUNA
स्वर्णमाहिकवझज्ञेया हवमलस्य गुर्ा बुधै: ।
मािां चामहयकं योगं तथैव िररलियेत् ॥ र.त21/29​

26. SATVAPAATANA
िादांमिङ्कर्ोिेतो लकुचद्रावमहदणत: ।
हवमल: सुहचरं ध्मात: सत्वं सीसोिमं त्यजेत् ॥ र.त 21/70
Shu.Rajata makshika (1p) + shu.tankana (¼ P)  trituration + lakucha
swarasa musha teevragni  makshika satva (Pb)
1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 26

27. 1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 27
PREVIOUSLY ASKED QUESTIONS (RGUHS)
Long Essays
1.Explain the occurrence, chemical composition, varieties, shodhana
and marana of Swarnamakshika.
2.Classify Rasadravyas. Explain in detail about Makshika in context
to its synonyms, types, grahya lakshana, shodhana, marana, matra,
Upayoga and two yogas.

28. 1 July 2022
Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum Karnataka 28
Short Essays
1.Write in brief about shodhana and marana of Makshika.
2.Grahya lakshanas and chemical composition of Swarnamakshika
3.Vimala varieties and differences between Swarnamakshika and
Vimala.
Short Answers
1.Chemical formula of Swarnamakshika