Gandhaka.pptx

GANDHAKA
(SULPHUR)
Dr.Saranya Sasi
Assistant Professor
PG Department of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal
Belgaum Karnataka

INTRODUCTION
• Gandhaka is the first and most abundantly used drug among
Uparasa which has no match among the drugs of Mercurial
kingdom
• Gandhaka stands next to Pārada in the field of RS
• Gandhaka is being given prime importance in Rs because of its
Rasayana properties and also for its Prativiṣa (antidote) property
against Ashuddha-Paarada (Unpurified mercury).
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Dr.SaranyaSasi MD(Ayu)Assistant Professor SSRAMC & H Inchal
Belgaum
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• Ancient classics mention the therapeutic use of Gandhaka in
treating various disorders in different therapeutic dosage forms like
Rasāyana, Druti, and Taila for both internal and external uses
especially in skin diseases like Kaṇḍu, Visarpa and Dadru.
• It is indicated in all types of Kushta (skin diseases), Nadivrana
(sinuses) and Koshtagata Roga (GIT disorders).
• It reduces and dries up the undigested food in GIT and so reduces
the chance of poisoning.
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VERNACULAR NAMES
English- Brimstone / sulphur
Sanskrit- Gandhaka
Hindi- Gandhak
Gujarati- Gandhak
Marathi- Gandhak
Kannada- Gandaga
Malayalam- Gandagam
Telagu – Gandhakmu
Assami- Kibrit
Bangali- Gandhak
Punjabi – Gandhak
Tamil- Kandagam, Kantakarm
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HISTORY
• Use of Gandhaka in the treatment is found from the Saṁhitā
period.
• Its detailed description is found in RS classics.
• Gandhaka was used in several diseases as a therapeutic agent.
Later in 7th century A.D.
• Gandhaka was used extensively both in Dehavada and
Lohavada
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• Gandhaka has been classified under Uparasa Varga by authors of
Ayurveda prakasha, Rasa-ratna-samuccaya, Rasarnava, Rasendra
sara sangraha, Resendra chudamani, Rasendra sambhava, Rasa
hrudaya tantra, Rasopanishad etc.
• The author of rasarnava praises Gandhaka saying that there is no
elephant (Loha) which can't be killed by tiger (Gandhaka).
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Caraka Samhita: Dadru, kandu paama and vicharchika for
external application for dusting.
Susruta Samhita: Mahavajraka taila is given for all types of kushta
Ashtanga Samgraha: Gandhaka is used in mustadi churna for
treating dadru, kandu, paama & vicharchika
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MYTHOLOGICAL ORIGIN
1. According to Ayurveda prakasha when Devi Parvathi was playing
near Ksheerabdhi , she menstruated.
• The Raja was very fragrant and beautiful.
• The cloth which was wet with Raja was then washed in the ocean.
That Raja when mixed with the water converted into Gandhaka.
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2. When Deva and asura started churning of ocean at that time
Gandhaka came out along with nector and that Gandhaka having
characteristic smell pleased Deva and asura.
• Hence Deva’s gave the name Gandhaka to it.
3. During Samudra Manthana, churning with Vasuki Sarpa, it
produced flame from its mouth, because of its hotness Vasa of
Lord Bali melted in to the Samudra and that had smell was called
as Gandhaka
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ORIGIN & OCCURRENCE
• Sulphur occurs naturally near volcanoes
• In India, the deposits of Gandhaka are very much limited.
• The only known occurrence is that of Tsokar Lake, Leh district in
Jammu and Kashmir.
• Native sulphur occurs naturally as massive deposits in Texas &
Louisiana in USA
• Other leading producers of S are Canada, Japan, Poland & Soviet
union
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ORES OF SULPHUR
1. Copper & iron pyrite (Swarna makshika, Roupya makshika,
Vimala)
2. Copper sulphate (sasyaka)
3. Ferrus sulphate (Kaasisa)
4. Galena (neelanjana)
5. Zinc sulphate (yashada)
6. Antimony sulphide (srotonjana)
7. Orpimant (harataala)
8. Realgar (manahshila)
9. Cinnabar (hingula)
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SYNONYMS
गन्धको गन्धपाषाण: गन्न्ध च रसगन्धक: ।
सुगन्न्धको गन्न्धकश्च गन्ध: सौगन्न्धकस्तथा ॥
पून्तगन्धोऽन्तगन्धश्च पामान्ि कीटनाशन: ।
बन्िबबन्िवसाख्यश्च कुष्ठारर: शरभून्मज: ॥
शुल्बाररनबवनीतश्च िैत्येन्रो गन्धमािन: ।
कीटघ्न: क्रूरगन्धश्च स एव पररकीन्तबत: ॥ (RT 8/1-3)
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Mythology : Gorubeeja, baalarasa, baalivasavasaraka,
daityendra, bali vasavat, vatasougandhika
Occurrence : Shara bhumija
Colour : peeta Gandhi, gandha peetaka
Odouric Nature : Gandha, Gandhaka, Atigandha, Kruragandha,
Sugandha, Gandhapashaana, Gandhapitaka,
Gandhasama, Gandhika, Rasagandha, and
Vigandha
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Appearance : Navaneetaka
On Simile : Shuka tunda, shuka piccha
On Marana Property : Dhatuha, Shulvari
On Pharmaco-
Therapeutic Activity
: Keetaghna, kushtaari, paamaari
Anya : Vikruntaka, Lekhi
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ETYMOLOGY OF SYNONYMS
Various Synonyms of Gandhaka reveals its physical, chemical,
therapeutic as well as its Mythological origin as:
Atigandha : With Pungent Smell
Bali : Balya in nature, King Bali had used it
Baalivasa : Originated from fat of king Bali
Daityendra : King Bali
Gandhamaadana : Characteristic sharp odour
Gandhaka : That which produces smell
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Gandha Paashana : Hard like stone with distinct odour
Gouri Pushpa : Originated from Devi Parvati
Keethaghna : Anti microbial/Bactericidal
Krooragandha : That which is having intolerable smell
Leleetaka : Originated from fat of Leleehan
Navaneeta : Smooth and soft like butter
Paamaari : Enemy of paama
Pooti Gandha : That which is having putrid smell
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Rasagandha : That Uparasa, which is having smell
Shulbari : Enemy of Tamra
Sugandha : Having good Smell
Sougandhika : That produces good smell
Gandhamaadana : Characteristic sharp odour
Shara Bhumija : Originated from Shara Bhumi (Jangala).
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REVIEW OF GANDHAKA IN VARIOUS TEXTS
• In Charaka (Chi) - Use of Gandhaka with Amalakarasa and Madhu
• In Su. Chi - Gandhaka is one of the ingredients of Mahavajra taila
• Lepa yoga prepared out of Chakra taila along with Guggulu,
Gandhaka etc. is to be applied over affected part & exposed to
sunlight (AH)
• Explanation of Gandhak shodhana, its Matra & different Yoga is
mentioned (RRS)
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TYPES
सा चान्प न्िन्वधो िेन्व ! शुकचञ्चुन्नभो वर: ।
मध्यम: पीतवणब: श्याच्छुक्िवणोऽधम: स्मृत: ॥
चतुधाब गन्धको ज्ञेयो वणेेौ: श्वेतान्िन्भ: खिु ।
श्वेतोऽि खन्टका प्रोक्तो िेपने िोहमारणे ।
तथा चामिसार: स्याध्यो भवेत्पीतवणबवान् ।
शूकन्पच्छ: स एव स्याच्छेष्टो रसरसायने ॥
रक्तश्च शुकतुण्डाख्यो धातुवािन्वधौ वर: ।
िुिबभ: कृष्णवणबश्च स जरामृत्युनाशन: ॥ (RRS 3/12-15)
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1. RRS 3/12-15 (3 Types)
Name Colour Quality
1.Shukachanchunibham
2.Peeta Varna
3.Shweta varna
Reddish
Yellowish
Pale white
Shreshta
Madhyama
Adhama
2. As per market availability (2 Types)
Name Utility
1.Aamlasaara gandhaka
2.Pinda gandhaka
Internal use
External use
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3. RRS 3/12-15 (5 Types)
Name Colour Quality
1.Rakta varna
2.Peeta varna
3.Shweta varna
4. Krishna varna
Reddish
Yellowish
Pale white
Blackish
Dhatuvaadaartha
Rasa – Rasaayanaartha
Lepanaartha &
lohamaarana
Jaraamrtyuhara
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GRAHYA SWAROOPA
शुकपिच्छसमच्छायो नवनीतसमप्रभ: ।
मसृण: कपिन: पननग्ध: श्रेष्ठो गन्धक उच्यते ॥ (आयु.प्र 2/20)
Gandhaka which is in the colour of parrot’s tail (green yellow),
lustrous as butter, smooth, hard and oily in touch, is considered best
for processing into medicines
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SHODHANA NECESSITY
अशुद्धगन्ध: क
ु रुते च क
ु ष्ठं तािं भ्रमं िीतरुजं तथैव ।
रूिं सुखं वीययबलं पनहपन्त तनमापिशुद्धो पवपनयोजनीय: ॥(Ayu.Pra 2/18)
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• Two types of impurities are seen in gandhaka - sila (stones) and
visha (poison) (due to contact with earth and arsenics etc).
• If ashuddha gandhaka is administered, it causes skin diseases,
burning sensation, giddiness and pitta diseases.
• Hence the Shodhana is required before it is added into
formulations
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Swedana Method
Dhalana & Vastra Galana Method
Kurma Puta Method
Bhavana Method
Taila Pachana and Nikshepana Vidhi
Damaru Yantra Vidhi
SHODHANA
METHODS
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SHODHANA
िय: पनवन्नो घटीमत्रं वारिधौतो पह गन्धक: ।
गव्याज्यपवद्रुतो वस्त्राद् शुपद्धमृच्छापत ॥ R.R.S 3/20
गन्धको द्रापवतो भृङ
् गिसे पिप्तो पवशुध्यपत ।
तद्रस: सप्तधा पनवन्नो गन्धक: िरिशुध्यपत ॥ R.R.S 3/23
METHOD -DHALANA & VASTRA GALANA METHOD
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• Godhugdha is filled in a vessel and the opening of the vessel is
covered with a cloth tightly at neck.
• Gandhaka is taken in an iron spoon, added with Goghrita and
heated to liquify it.
• The melted gandhaka is poured into the godhugdha/Bhringaraja
swarasa through cloth. Later gandhaka is taken out and washed
with hot water.
• By this method chemical and physical impurities are removed.
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गन्धाश्मापतिसायन: सुमधुि: िाक
े कटूष्णो मत: ।
कण्डूक
ु ष्ठपवसियदद्रुदलनो दीप्तानल: िाचन:॥
आमोपन्मचनशोषणो पवषहि: सूतेन्द्रवीययप्रद ।
गौिीिुष्िभवनतथा कृ पमहि: सत्वात्मक: सूतपजत् ॥ R.R.S 3/16
GUNA
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Rasa : Madhura
Virya : Ushna
Vipaka : Katu
Doshagnatha : Kandu, Kushtha, Visarpa, Dadru
Karma : Deepana, Pachana, Aama pachana,
Krimihara
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1 – 8 िपि
MATRA
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TOXICITY & ANTIDOTE
पवकािो यपद जायेत गन्धकाच्चेिदा पिबेत् ।
गॊघृतेनापन्वतं िीिं सुपख नयात् स च मानुष: ॥ Br.R.Ra.Su
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जाङ
् गलापन तु मांसापन छागलापन प्रयोजयेत् । (Ayu.Pra 2/49)
Meat of - dry land animals, birds and goat should be taken
िािाम्लतैलसौवीिपवदापहपितलं तथा ।
शुद्धगन्धकसेवायां त्याज्यं योगयुतेन पह ॥ (R.R.S 3/36)
Kshara amla rasa, taila, souvira (kanji), vidahi ahara and dwidhala
ahara
PATHYA
APATHYA
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COMPOUND FORMULATIONS
• िसिियपट
• िसपसन्दूि
• गन्धक िसायन
• गन्धकाध्य मलहि
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