This document discusses strategies for agriculture to adapt to climate change impacts and become more climate-smart. It outlines several key strategies: 1. Diversifying crop systems and introducing more resilient varieties to cope with changing conditions and increase productivity. 2. Implementing integrated pest management and reducing hazardous pesticide use to provide sound pest and disease control. 3. Increasing water productivity through improving irrigation systems, developing drought-resistant crops, and switching to higher-value uses to gain more yield from available water. 4. Investing in agricultural science, rural infrastructure, and policies to incentivize environmentally-friendly practices to build resilience and reduce emissions from the sector.

3.  Sea level rise impact
 Higher temperatures
 More extreme heat
 Low precipitation
 More severe storms
 More floods
 More droughts

6. •7.8 Billion m3• 1.8 Billion m3
•59.3 Billion m3
(85.6)%
• 6.5 Billion m3
(9.4(%
Houses
sector
Agric.
sector
Industry
sector
Navigation
Water resources usage

9. Global Goals of CSA
1. Achieving Food Security
– 1 billion hungry
– Food production to increase 70% by 2050
– Adaptation to Climate Change critical
2. Avoiding Dangerous Climate
Change
– ”2 degree goal” requires major emission cuts
– Agriculture and Land use = 30% of
emissions..
– ..and needs to be part of the solution.

10. 10
Overlaps, Synergies and Trade-offs
National ->
International
National ->
Local
Climate
UNFCCC
“Carbon”
Biodiversity
CBD
“Species”
Food Security
WSFS
“Calories”
+ Human rights,
Health, Trade,
Education, .....
LOCAL
REALITIES
GLOBAL
OBJECTIVES

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Action Can help
Food
Security
Can help meet
CC
Mitigation
Increase productivity (yields per
area) under environmental and
sustainability constraints
Yes (yes)
Effective water use Yes (yes)
Reduce losses in / more efficient
agricultural practises
Yes Yes
Reduce losses in food processing
and handling
Yes Yes
Improve agricultural markets and
incentives
Yes Yes
Carbon sequestration in vegetation
and soil
(yes) Yes

12. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Defined
12
• An integrated approach to developing technical, policy and
investment conditions to achieve sustainable agricultural
development for food security under climate change
• CSA consists of three main pillars namely:
 Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes.
 Adapting and building resilience to climate change.
 Reducing and/or removing carbon emissions.

13. Agriculture must become
“climate-smart”
• sustainably increases productivity
• Increases resilience (adaptation)
• reduces greenhouse gases where possible
• and enhances the achievement of national food
security and development goals

14. Agriculture must become
“climate-smart”
• sustainably increases productivity
• Increases resilience (adaptation)
• reduces greenhouse gases where
possible
• and enhances the achievement of
national food security and development
goals

15. 15
Climate-smart Agriculture
Agriculture that sustainably:
• increases productivity
• increases resilience (adaptation)
• reduces/removes GHGs
AND
• enhances achievement of national food security and
development goals

16. 16
Climate-smart Agriculture
Index-based
insurance
Climate
information
services
Climate-
smart
technologie
s
Local
adaptation
plans
• Learning sites
• Multiple partners
• Capacity building
Scaling up
• Policy
• Private sector
• Mainstream
successes via major
initiatives

17. Key messages 1: Practises
• Climate-smart practices exist
• Ecosystem approach at landscape level is crucial
• Investments are needed in
• filling data and knowledge gaps
• R&D of technologies, methodologies
• conservation and production of varieties and breeds

18. Key messages 2: Policies
• Smallholders need institutional and financial support
for the transition
• Strengthened institutions for dissemination and
coordination
• Consistency between agriculture, food security and
climate change policies

19. Key messages 3: Finance
• Available financing, current and projected, are
substantially insufficient
• Combining finance (public/private, climate
change/food security) improves options
• Fast-track financing must take sector-specific
considerations into account

20. On scope of agriculture
mitigation
• It is not only about soils.
• Vegetation in agriculture landscapes has a very large
potential
• Emission reductions per produced unit will be a major
contribution

21. Technical components towards
climate-smart crop production

22. Diversifyingcrop systems
• Monoculture has a number of disadvantages that result in losses
• Diversification ofcropsystems provides an opportunity tointroduce varieties that aremoreresilient andmay also
provideeconomic benefits
 Monoculture(the cultivation of the same species yearafter yearinthe same place) increases pests,
diseases and certain weeds; reducesyields; has greater economic risk; results in inadequatedistribution
of labour throughoutthe year;increases toxic substances or growth inhibitors in the soil; and reduces
biodiversity.
 Changeinclimatic conditions and length of growing periods will requireplanning for cropping patterns
and varieties which makethe most of the newconditions, preserving productivity and soil fertility.
 New cropping patterns should consider risks, agro-ecological, economic and social aspects.

23. Soundpest and disease control
• Asmarter agriculture needs pest control strategies that aremore efficient anddonot produce adverse side effects to
the environment orhuman health
• Integrated pest management (IPM) relies on healthy agro-ecosystems forpest control
 The“business as usual” approach to pest management (reliance on large amounts of pesticides, some
hazardous to environmentand health) still followed by most farmers, limits their potential for practising
climate-smart agriculture.
 Climate-smart agricultureneeds pest control strategies that are more efficient and do not produce
adverse side effects. Theseincludeapplying integrated pest management technologies (IPM)—where
ecological control is used in preferenceto hazardous pesticides—supported by policies and
infrastructure(e.g. early warningsystems, training, regulation and incentives to reducetrade and useof
hazardous pesticides).

24. Increasing water productivity
• The biggest potential for physical water productivity gains is in very low-yielding areas, which typically coincide with
poverty
• There is alarge scope to increase economic water productivity byswitching tohigher value agricultural uses or
reducing production costs
 Climate-smartagriculturerequiresincreasing theproductivityofwater,orgaining moreyield
andvaluefromwater.
 Thereis still amplescopeforhigherphysicalwaterproductivityin low-yielding rainfedareas
andin poorlyperformingirrigation systems,especially wheregroundwateris being depletedor
over-extracted.Tthereisalso scopeforimprovements in livestock andfisheries.
 Therearemanywell waterproductivityimprovements,butcautionmustbemixedwith
optimism.Waterproductivitygains areoftendifficulttorealize,

25. The role of the agricultural sector in water
conservation in relation to climate change
25

26. Improving and developing on-farm
irrigation through the development
of irrigation canals and irrigators in
old lands using PVC valves and
pipes under pressure, because lost
water on the field level reaches
sometimes up to 20%.
26

27. 27

28. Developing an early varieties to rationalize water
consumption of strategic crops
 Continue the development of varieties and high production hybrids rice
tolerant to adverse conditions and short-lived (120-125 days) instead of
(155-165 days) early from the old varieties by about (30-45 days).
 The development of varieties of early ripening wheat to be harvested
from the second half of April instead of the old varieties that are
harvested in late May, leading to the escaping one-time irrigation of
wheat irrigation.
 The development of early ripening individual and tripartite hybrids of
white and yellow corn after 105 days instead of 130 days, leading to
escaping at least one-time irrigation.
 The development of varieties of beans (and some other legume crops)
with a few water needs. 28

29. 29
‫سخا‬103
Sakha 103
Growth period: 120 day
Sakha 107
Growth period: 125 day
Giza 179
Growth period: 120 day
Misr 1
Growth period: 130 day

30.  Continued development and modernization of
agricultural methods that will lead to providing crop
water demands.
Cultivating wheat on benches lead to the provision of
irrigation water to about 20%, in addition to providing
seeds used in agriculture, increasing the efficiency of
fertilizers use, especially nitrogen fertilizer and
increasing branching and the size of spikes.
This requires intensifying awareness and extension
campaigns carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture to
enable wheat farmers in Egypt to adopt "benches"
cultivation method on the area allocated for wheat.
30

31. 31

32. Misr 1
Growth period: 150 day
Sids 12
Growth period: 150 day
Gemmeiza 11
Growth period: 153 day
Baniswf 5
Growth period: 153 day

33.  Soil conditioner is manufactured from
petroleum materials (Polymers
compost material) and shale and used
in the newly reclaimed lands.
 These materials have high ability to
retain a large amount of water.
 35% of irrigation water is provided.
 The effectiveness of this material lasts
for up to 4 years.
33

34. 34
 Increased expenditures in agricultural science and technology:
 Emphasis on crop breeding, including biotechnology, that
targets abiotic and biotic stresses, and provides biological
resilience
 Increased investments in water storage and management
 More development of rural Infrastructure:
 Physical – roads, market buildings and storage facilities
 Institutional – extension programs, credit and input markets,
and reduced barriers to internal trade
 Policy improvements to internalize externalities associated with
environmental services:
 Innovative approaches to property rights