This document discusses climate smart agriculture (CSA) and outlines its importance, principles, and practices. It defines CSA as an integrated approach that addresses food security and climate change challenges by sustainably supporting agricultural development. The three pillars of CSA are increasing productivity, adapting to climate impacts, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Some key CSA practices mentioned include intercropping, conservation agriculture, water management structures, agroforestry, and livestock improvements. The document also outlines CSA activities being implemented in Ethiopia, such as watershed management, drought-resistant crops, and apiculture. While CSA provides benefits, the author notes challenges of long drought spells and pastoralist migration due to lack of feed.

1. Scaling Out Integrated and Multi- sectoral Eco-regional
Approach in BER-phase II Programme
Climate Smart Agriculture Approach
By Berhanu Seboka
Email: injifanob@gmail.com
August,2022
Bale,Robe
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2. Out line
Introduction
Importance of CSA
CSA practice
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3. Introduction
Climate change:-
long-term shifts in temperatures and weather
patterns.
Weather:-
fluctuation of the atmosphere conditions over
a short period of time.
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4. What action can we can do on climate
change?
 Climate change mitigation
Actions to limit global warming and its related effects.
Reduction of Green house Emission Gas
Climate change adaptation
To reduce the negative impacts of this change and to take
advantage of new opportunities
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5. What is meant by climate smart agriculture?
 Is an integrated approach to managing landscapes that
address the interlinked challenges of food security and
climate change.
 Is an approach to transform and reorient agricultural
systems to effectively and sustainably support development
and food security under climate change
 Is a path way to words development and food security
improvement.
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6. Pillars of CSA
There are three pillars of CSA :-
 Productivity aims to sustainable increment of agricultural
productivity.
 Adaptation: is to reduce a short term risks and strength the
resilience
 Mitigation CSA should helps to reduce or remove the
GHG emission (livestock-related & crop related)
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7. Characteristics of CSA
 CSA address the climatic change
 CSA integrates the multiple goals such as increasing the
productivity, enhance resilience and reduce emission.
 CSA maintain ecosystem service including clean air, water,
food and materials.
 Has multiple entry point i.e. set of practice & technology
ranging from dev’t of technology and elaborate climate change
models
 CSA is context specific since it was applied on the area context
 Engages women and marginalized groups. To attain food
security goals it involves the poorest and vulnerable group of
community.
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8. Importance of CSA
 Sustain the health of the land & increase productivity.
 Does not pollute, degrade land or loss of forests and
biodiversity (environmental Eco-friend)
 Delivers food, fibre, fuel income increment, nutrition,
carbon sequestration & reduce GHG emissions.
 It will strengthen climate resilience across all
dimensions of food security,
 It will promote precision agriculture,
 Improved extension services on CSA practices, and a pilot
initiative to promote agro-ecology to improve climate
resilience,
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9. ‘CSA’ vs conventional Agriculture
features CA CSA
Technologies
Consumption of energy sources from human to
animal and fossil fuel dependent machinery.
Use of energy efficient technologies
for agricultural power (irrigation or
tillage).
Agricultural input
Increased use of fertilizer, pesticides and herbicides
(also highly dependent on fossil fuels) generally
very inefficiently applied.
Increased efficiency of fertilizer
and wider use of organic fertilizer.
Land areas
Expansion of agricultural land area through
deforestation and conversion from grasslands to
cropland.
Intensification on existing land
areas as main source of production
increase rather than expansion to
new areas.
Natural resources
Depletion of natural resources (e.g. land, water,
genetic resources) used in the production systems.
Restoration, conservation and
sustainable use of natural resources
in agricultural production systems.
Production &
marketing
Increased specialization in agricultural production
and marketing systems.
Greater diversification in
production, input and output
marketing systems. 9

10. Some CSA practice identified by FA
Cropping system
&management
Livestock
management
Soil and water
management
Agroforestry Integrated food
energy systems
 Intercropping
with legumes
 Crop rotations
 New crop
varieties
 Improved storage
and processing
techniques
 crop diversity
 Improved feeding
strategies
 Rotational
grazing
 Fodder crops
 Grassland
restoration and
conservation
 Manure treatment
 Improved
livestock health
 Animal
husbandry
 Breed
improvement
 Conservation
agriculture
 Contour planting
 Terraces and
bunds
 Planting pits
 Water storage
 Alternate wetting
and drying (rice)
 Check Dams,
pits, ridges
 Improved
irrigation system
(drip)
 Boundary trees
and hedgerows
 Nitrogen-fixing
trees on farms
 Multipurpose
trees
 Improved fallow
 Woodlots
 Fruit orchards
 Biogas
 Production of
energy plants
 Improved stoves
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11. Conti…
 Identify the livelihood resources (farmlands, crop, shoats, chickens, feed, dairy cows,
working animals, irrigated land, communal grazing land, human labour, water for
animals etc.)
 Identification of problems affecting the community (weather-related and other problems)
and existing strategies for managing them;
– shortage of water and food for human and animal
– Shortage of rain
– Long Drought spell
– Soil erosion (water and wind )
– Crop failure and less production
– Extreme cold and hot weather condition
– Reduce access to forest resources (deforestation )
– New type of weed infestation
– Frequently out break of disease (human, crop and animal )
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12. Conti..
 prioritize major resources the MOST important for their well-being
using pair-wise ranking matrix. This can be done on the ground,
using idea cards or on flip chart paper.
 Identify major crops And
 livestock development activities
 Analyse the impact of problems on priority livelihood resources.
 Identify how people are responding to the problems they face.
 Identify responsive CSA practices to impact of climate change
problems based on the vulnerability analysis result.
 Recommend context specific CSA practices.
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13. Conti…
FAAppling CSA activities in all intervention
woredas like:-
Watershed management (physical and Biological)
Providing short growing varieties of cereal and
pulse crops,
Livestock breed improvement, and healthy
service
Agroforestry practice,
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14. Soil and water conservation structure conduct by FA
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15. Agroforestry practice
Avocado and mango grafting @ Delo mena
Avocado grafting at Berbere
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16. Apiculture & Livestock breed improvement 16

17. Short growing season varieties of crops.
•
• Melkasa 2
Mung bean
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18. Seed multiplication by community
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19. Conti..
Rely cropping system of Haricot bean
with maize 19

20. Conti.
Push pull technology 20

21. Lesson learned
• Integration with stalk holders provides more
opportunities for success of CSA,
• Specifying Agro ecology brings sustainability of
CSA,
• Multi dimensional thinking on the existing
opportunities (Production of community seed multiplication )
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22. Challenges
• Long drought spell
• Migration pastoralist for feed searching for the
livestock .
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