This document discusses the application of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) to improve solid waste management in urban areas. It presents a case study of Ward Vijay Colony in Dehradun, India. RS and GIS were used to generate spatial data and maps of the study area, estimate current and projected waste generation levels, identify existing waste collection sites, and propose new optimal locations for waste bins based on accessibility and coverage. The analysis found RS and GIS to be effective tools for planning waste management infrastructure and assessing current resource utilization to help local governments improve services.
Applications of GIS in Public Health EngineeringVignesh Sekar
GIS is used to support decision making for planning and management of land use, natural resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other administrative records. Remote sensing and GIS makes easier to get valuable information about the study area. GIS enables us to integrate different layers and to manage large database. It gives more accurate results when compared to conventional methods. Hence GIS is proved to be a powerful tool in managing spatial and non spatial databases in suitability evaluation.
Role of GIS in Health Care Management by Dr. Dipti MukherjiPriyanka_vshukla
Presentation on Role of GIS in Health Care Management by Dr. Dipti Mukherji during Seminar on Spatial Dimensions on Health Care - Use of GIS in Health Studies Organised by CEHAT and University of Mumbai on 24th Sep 2010
Remote Sensing Applications in Agriculture at the USDA National Agricultural...Phongsakorn Uar-amrungkoon
The mission of the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is “
to provide timely, accurate and useful statistics in service to US agriculture”. Towards this goal, NASS conducts hundreds of surveys every year collecting information on virtually every aspect of agricultural activity. In 2010, the NASS Cropland Data Layer
(CDL) Program played an important role toward fulfilling this mission using remote sensing techniques to provide operational in-season acreage estimates to the NASS Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB)
and Field Offices (FOs) for twenty seven states and sixteen crops.
Applications of GIS in Public Health EngineeringVignesh Sekar
GIS is used to support decision making for planning and management of land use, natural resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other administrative records. Remote sensing and GIS makes easier to get valuable information about the study area. GIS enables us to integrate different layers and to manage large database. It gives more accurate results when compared to conventional methods. Hence GIS is proved to be a powerful tool in managing spatial and non spatial databases in suitability evaluation.
Role of GIS in Health Care Management by Dr. Dipti MukherjiPriyanka_vshukla
Presentation on Role of GIS in Health Care Management by Dr. Dipti Mukherji during Seminar on Spatial Dimensions on Health Care - Use of GIS in Health Studies Organised by CEHAT and University of Mumbai on 24th Sep 2010
Remote Sensing Applications in Agriculture at the USDA National Agricultural...Phongsakorn Uar-amrungkoon
The mission of the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is “
to provide timely, accurate and useful statistics in service to US agriculture”. Towards this goal, NASS conducts hundreds of surveys every year collecting information on virtually every aspect of agricultural activity. In 2010, the NASS Cropland Data Layer
(CDL) Program played an important role toward fulfilling this mission using remote sensing techniques to provide operational in-season acreage estimates to the NASS Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB)
and Field Offices (FOs) for twenty seven states and sixteen crops.
A multi-scale Urban Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GISWaqas Tariq
Urban planning was very much a design and engineering exercise with the state as a single stake holder. Mega cities with millions of population, has undergone a series of physical as well as socio-economic changes over the last 60 years. In India, Hyderabad experienced a high rate of urbanization facing structural, environmental, social and economic problems. To provide a holistic perspective on the urban characteristics, an interdisciplinary research approach is used. GISGeographic Information System and Remote Sensing provide the advance techniques and methods for studying urban land development and assist urban planning.
Mumbai University, T.Y.B.Sc.(I.T.), Semester VI, Principles of Geographic Information System, USIT604, Discipline Specific Elective Unit 1: Introduction to GIS
Applications of GIS in Municipal Solid Waste ManagementVignesh Sekar
Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to input, store, retrieve, manipulate, analyze and output geographically referenced data. In order to support decision making for planning and management of land use, natural resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other administrative records.The Role of GIS is very large as many aspects of its planning and operations are highly dependent on spatial data & also provides a digital data bank for future monitoring program of the site…….etc
A multi-scale Urban Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GISWaqas Tariq
Urban planning was very much a design and engineering exercise with the state as a single stake holder. Mega cities with millions of population, has undergone a series of physical as well as socio-economic changes over the last 60 years. In India, Hyderabad experienced a high rate of urbanization facing structural, environmental, social and economic problems. To provide a holistic perspective on the urban characteristics, an interdisciplinary research approach is used. GISGeographic Information System and Remote Sensing provide the advance techniques and methods for studying urban land development and assist urban planning.
Mumbai University, T.Y.B.Sc.(I.T.), Semester VI, Principles of Geographic Information System, USIT604, Discipline Specific Elective Unit 1: Introduction to GIS
Applications of GIS in Municipal Solid Waste ManagementVignesh Sekar
Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to input, store, retrieve, manipulate, analyze and output geographically referenced data. In order to support decision making for planning and management of land use, natural resources, environment, transportation, urban facilities, and other administrative records.The Role of GIS is very large as many aspects of its planning and operations are highly dependent on spatial data & also provides a digital data bank for future monitoring program of the site…….etc
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A study Report on Implementation of GIS in Solid Waste ManagementAM Publications
Increasing human population and economic development and urbanization has resulted in generation of huge quantities of municipal solid waste (MSW). It involves many activities like collection, transportation and disposal of wastes. There is tremendous amount of loss in terms of environment degradation, health hazards and economic descend, due to direct disposal of waste. It is better to segregate waste at initial stages where it is generated. Planners are thus forced to consider alternate and available means of disposal, especially by minimizing damage to the ecosystem and human population. GIS has proved to be boon to such planners by visualizing the real solid waste situations and facilitating route analysis through mapping. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking and displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An Integrated Parametric Approach To Landfill Site Selection Fuzzy GIS-Based ...IJERA Editor
Landfill site selection in an urban area is a critical issue in the urban planning process because of enormous
impact on the economy, ecology, and the environmental health of the region with the growth of the
urbanization, larger amount of wastes are produced and unfortunately the problem gets bigger every day. A
selection of proper waste disposal site is a function of many parameters can be involved under the Environment,
Planning & Social Functions. GIS based mapping and subsequent image analysis is proposed to be done for
each of the correlating criteria for each parameter. The fuzzy multi criteria decision making (FMCDM) is used
to rank different land fill sites based on decisions given by a group of experts. The selected site can be further
confirmed through GIS application. This paper highlights the explained approach.
INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA WITH GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS): ...ijmpict
Remote Sensing and Geographic information System together comprise of Geographic Information Science (GIScience) which is a core research field that tries to emphasis on advanced geographic concepts in Geographic Information System and examines the impact of GIS on individuals and society as a whole and re-examines the themes with incorporation of most recent cognitive and Information Science. The Geographic Information System can be defined as a Computer based system and a tool, both hardware,
software and procedures, which manages geospatial data, solves spatial problems, and supports collection,
storage, transformation, analyzing, retrieving and display of data in a well desired manner. The integration
of GIS and Remote Sensing is a field of research and several implementations have been developed to gain
the maximum throughput out of these collective fields as these techniques have their own data analysis and
data representation methods. The application domain of remote sensing is from a base layer for GIS to the
development of thematic datasets, obtaining and extracting data from imagery and generation of unique
spatial datasets. In my paper I have focused on the integration of both the fields along with its usage in
Analysis and Modelling and also some models of error sources due to the integration of interface of the two
techniques. The paper also describes some error sources while integration as GIS and remote sensing both
are subject to errors and uncertainty. The paper has discussed some Change Detection Techniques used in
the modern sciences with their comparison.
When to be silent?;
Circumstances to remain silent;
Situations to be silent;
Silent at some points;
Silent in a few circumstances;
time to remain silent;
remain silent in these situations; a guide to remain silent against whom and when?
Spiritual;
Social;
Hinduism;
Know Hinduism;
What is Hinduism?;
Sanatana Dharma;
Why sanatana Dharma?;
What is special in Sanatana Dharma?;
Special @ Sanatana Dharma;
Why adopt Hinduism?;
Why adopt Sanatana Dharma? ;
Philosophy of Sanatana Dharma;
Philosophy of life;
Effect of gradation of sands;
Particle size effect on DCP;
Relative density of sand;
ASTM D6951-03;
Depth of penetration vs blows;
DCP vs Relative density;
DCP index vs gradation of sand;
Experimental Investigation;
Conference paper;
year 2017; Effect of Gradation and Particle Size on
Correlations between DCP Index and Relative density of sands
Presiding duty for the 2024 election;
Key Points;
Points to take care of: Presiding officer;
Presiding Key Points;
Things to carry- for officers:
Presiding officer duty list;
Gujarati presiding officer duty;
All instructions and flow chart in Gujarati,
Gujarati: presiding officer Key Points;
Indian Traditional jewelry;
pre-independence era jewelry design;
Indian ornament design;
100-year-old Indian jewelry
Usefulness of ancient indian Jwelry design;
One more chance
Philosophy of life;
How conscious we?
For conscious human beings only,
way of life; Live your life;
Enjoy being human being;
What happens when we are dead?
What do we achieve in life?
Pre-Independence Toys and Crafts designs in India.pptxSamirsinh Parmar
Pre-independence toys;
Crafts and Toys of India;
Toys and Crafts before 1947 In india;
Toys and crafts in India;
Traditional toys of India
Traditional wooden toys in India;
Traditional clay toys of India;
Traditional metal toys of India;
INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS).pptxSamirsinh Parmar
What is GPS?;
Definition of GPS;
GPS;
Global Positioning System;
How GPS works?;
Working principle-GPS;
One way ranging;
Determining the position;
The clock problem;
PRC amplification;
Pseudo-range;
Different types of GPS locations;
NAVSTAR System;
Accuracy of GPS;
Applications of GPS; Advantages of One-Way Ranging; Pseudo Random Code;
PRC;
BEAUTY OF MATHEMATICS- Tricks of Calculations.pptxSamirsinh Parmar
The beauty of mathematics
Mathematics thumb rules;
Tricks in mathematics;
Easy math calculations
Vedic Mathematics;
Joy of numbers in Math;
Enjoying tricks in Math; mathematics, and English aplhabets; relation of attitude, hardwork, blessings of God, etc.
TIBETIAN PERSONALITY TEST - FEW QUESTION ANSWERSSamirsinh Parmar
Tibetian personality test;
Know your personality;
Know your preferences in life;
Know to whom you love;
Questions and Answers;
Spare some time; Share it to your near and dear; Know who loves you?
The Endangered And Extinct Languages Of India.pptxSamirsinh Parmar
The Endangered Languages;
Indian Languages- Extinction;
Maithili;
Magadhi;
Bhojpuri;
Extincted Languages of India;
Reasons of Extinction of Languages;
How to save languages from extinction ?;
Contribution to stop extinction of languages;
UNESCO report on extinct languages
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...
Nhst 11 surat, Application of RS & GIS in urban waste management
1. 1
APPLICATION OF RS AND GIS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
IN URBAN AREA
S. P. Parmar
Asst. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engg,
Faculty of Technology, D.D. University, Nadiad, Gujarat
E-Mail.ID: samirddu@gmail.com Contact No. 9427619628
ABSTRACT
As in most developing countries, today solid waste management is one of the key parameters for evaluating
the human development index of a nation. The role of municipalities in the development of the cities and
towns is thus very crucial in the modern context when urbanization is expanding rapidly. Remote sensing and
Geographical information system is an advanced tool to simplify the management procedure. Geographic
Information System (GIS) has proved to be an ideal tool for urban planning and management owing to its
versatility in handling a large set of data, providing an efficient environment for analysis and powerful set of
tools for collecting, storing, retrieving, transforming and displaying spatial data. The present paper explores
modern GIS in the estimation of solid waste in cities and comparison of effectiveness of present waste
collectors with new suggested solid waste collectors by buffer zoning in relevant area. It is expected that
such assessment of the existing infrastructure will help the local government bodies in formulating the
necessary principles for better utilization of their existing resources.
Key words: RS, GIS, Solid waste management, buffer zone.
1. Introduction
The present case study discusses the applications of GIS in solid waste management with Ward
Vijay Colony of Dehradun. The objective is simply to deliver the services efficiently by taking
appropriate planning and management arrangements. The concept of systematic urban planning is
becoming very popular nowadays in the areas related to urban management and development. GIS
is commonly used as a tool to simplify this process. City planning is a classic application of GIS, in
which common data is used to co-ordinate activities and reduce duplication of effort. However, it
has been argued in various studies that in addition to being a planning tool, GIS can also be used as
a means for stakeholder involvement. Since public actions are an aspect of the reality planned, and
plans often implicitly influence public behavior, it is all the more important that PPA approach
should be adopted along with this.
1.1: Objectives
1. To analyses and estimate the generation of solid waste;
2. To Generation of digital database of study area;
3. To propose the sites for locating solid waste dustbins; and
4. To propose methodology and design for the management of solid waste
1.2: Data Used
Satellite remote sensing has demonstrated a large potential to obtain urban information especially
for high resolution sensors. The remote sensing devices are being constantly improved to acquire
high resolution remotely sensed data. However the spatial and spectral bands in which sensors
collect the remotely sensed data are too important parameters in urban utility mapping and
development of urban resource information system. In the case study IRS-1D LISS-II (26th
March
2002) and PAN data (26th
March 2002) has been used.
2. 2
1.3: Characteristics of PAN camera
Geometric resolution from altitude of 817 km 5.8 m
Effective focal length for optics swath 980 mm
Field-of-view for optics ±2.5º [across track]
Spectral band 0.5-0.75 μm
1.4: Characteristics of LISS- III Sensor
Table-2: Sensor characteristics
Band 2 0.52 - 0.59 μm
Band 3 0.62 - 0.68 μm
Band 4 0.77 - 0.86 μm
Band 5 1.55 – 1.70 μm
Geometric resolution 23.5m for bands 2, 3, 4.
70.5 m for band 5.
Equivalent focal length
(bands 2, 3, 4/ band 5)
347.5mm/301.2mm
Swath 141 km for bands 2, 3, 4.
Radiometric resolution 7 bits
Band-to-band registration ±0.25 pixel
1.5: Topographical Maps
Survey of India (SOI) topographic maps on 1:50,000 scales cover entire project area. These maps
have been used for preparing base map, drainage etc, for the study area. The SOI guide map at
1:20,000 scales has been used for aid in visual interpretation, extraction of roads and at the time of
field verification.
1.6: Table -3: Details of SOI Maps.
SOI Map No Scale Year Of Survey Year Of Publication
53 F/ 15- 16 1: 50,000 1966-67 1972 (1st
ed.)
Guide Map 1: 20,000 1973-74 1975 (1st
ed.)
Hardware and Software Used
Hardware- Microsoft Windows operating system (P-IV), Global Positioning System Garmin with
12-channel facility.
Software- ERDAS Imagine Version 8.4; Arc View 3.2a; Microsoft Office 2000.
2. Profile of the Study Area
The whole city of dehradun is divided in to 45 wards to facilitate the governing body. For our study
areas we have considered ward no 44. Ward no 44 is situated on north of the Dehradun centre and
its major boundary is connected with cantonment area. The ward is connected with the main city by
Cantonment Road as Main Road. The whole ward is having major portion is of Institutional
Buildings like SOI, IIRS, School of Management, Archeological Survey of India, College of
Advance Sciences and two schools. The residential area is divided into the three classes like Higher
Income Group (HIG), Middle Income Group (MIG) and Lower Income Group (LIG). Very small
amount of area is acquired by Slums in low lying areas along with drains. The population of the
Vijaynagar ward is 8097, in which males are 4103 and female are 3994. The total number of
3. 3
household is 1569 is there in the ward No 44. All the houses are not more then two stories and
major portion of residential area is covered by MIG and HIG peoples.
Figure-1: Vijay Colony Ward
Figure-2: Satellite Imagery of Vijay Colony (ward no.44)
3. Waste management
3.1: Quantity and Characteristics of Solid Waste
Quantity and characteristics of the waste are the major factors, which decide magnitude of waste
management problem. It is necessary to carry out weight estimation exercise regularly to assess the
quantity of waste. Future per capita quantity can be estimated with the help of projected population
and annual increase of per capita quantity. On the basis of the waste quantity, infrastructure
requirement can be estimated. This data will also serve as a basis for selection of disposal/treatment
option.
4. 4
3.2: Role of RS & GIS in SWM
Solid waste systems are quite complex in nature due to large number of variables and parameters
such as varying quantities of solid waste with different composition, manpower, vehicles and
equipment, processing and disposal options. It is directly related to the geography of area and the
quality of life of the population. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System provides
the best platform for computerized analysis for decision making in planning and operation of the
system. It links spatial data with the geographical information about a particular feature on a map.
It has the capability to dynamically analyze the changing nature of the urban ecosystem. It enables
the local planners to estimate in advance, the scale of environmental change on population
parameters.
3.3: Quantification of solid waste
The quantity and general composition of the waste material that is generated is of critical
importance in the design and operations of solid waste management system. Unfortunately, reliable
quantity and composition data are difficult to obtain.
3.4: Traditional methods of waste estimation
1.Load count analysis: In this method the quantity and composition of solid waste are determined
by recording the estimated volume and general composition of each load of waste delivered to a
landfill or transfer station during a specific period of time. The total mass and mass distribution is
determined using average density data for each waste category.
2. Mass Volume analysis: This method is similar to the above method with the added feature that
the mass of each load is also recorded.
3.5: Factors that affect generation rate
ÿ Geographic location.
ÿ Season of the year.
ÿ Collection frequency.
ÿ Public attitudes.
ÿ Characteristics of population (Social Status).
ÿ Legislative laws.
ÿ Recycling.
ÿ Design criteria for refuse generation.
Quantum of refuses α population of city or symbolically Q = m x p.
Where, Q is the quantum of refuse, p is the population and m is constant. The value of mass m as
discussed above depends on the geographical location, economic function of the city and
behavioral pattern of city dwellers, commonly called as Solid waste multiplier generally expressed
as Kg/Capita/day.
4. OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1: Database Preparation & Generation
The prerequisite to geographic analysis is that the data is in proper format for the software used to
perform analysis. It is very important that the data is free of all types of errors and the data is well
structured. It should be insured that a functional geographic database containing the number of
associated coverage’s is available, where each coverage contains clean topology, accuracy of all
features and attributes are verified and a system of tics or ground control points exists. The digital
format offers flexible input as well as output. Hence, it should be used to its maximum capability.
5. 5
The success of any Geographic analysis is using GIS, which largely depends upon completion of
database used to perform analysis.
4.2: Analysis
The ward Vijay Colony has more then 70 per cent area under the Survey of India and Indian
Institute of Remote Sensing. Author did not consider Survey of India, IIRS, and Archeological
Survey of India in the study as they have their own system of solid waste management. So for the
convenience author consider them under the Institutional area.
The roads are classified into four categories- Main road, Colony road, and Lane and Mud lane on
the basis of the width. Main road, New Cantonment road and Kalidas road have width 14 m and 8
m respectively. Lane and mud lane have width 4m and 2 m respectively. Mud lane is in the LIG
area where conditions are of slum type. The resident of LIG areas are not properly attended by the
municipality workers as the way is very narrow. As a result they disposing their garbage in the near
by drain, which is along with the mud lane. This area is not properly accessible from all sides. The
space along the roads is not adequate for putting the solid waste dustbins. This is one of the main
reasons that people use to throw their waste in the open. Roads have their influence zone, which is
shown in the fig.4. Author considers the buffer zone of the road is up to 60 meters. This buffer
zone covers most of the ward area, i.e. the road network is good in the area but the width is not
appropriate. In the study area the built-up area is 21.572 ha (16%) whereas non built-up is 18.415
ha (14%). In the above map the institutional area having 70 percent i.e., 94.146 ha.
Fig.3: Digitization of Road Network in Vijay colony
7. 7
Landuse in Vijay Colony
17%
24%
16%
3%
39%
1%
HIG
MIG
LIG
Commercial
Green Space
Resi/ Commercial
Landuse Classification in Vijay Colony,
Dehradun
16%
14%
70%
Built up Area
Non Built Up Area
Institrutional
Fig-6: Land use Classification in Vijay Colony ward
Distribution of land use of the Vijay colony is shown as the following fig-6, shows residential area
as HIG (5.526 ha.), MIG (7.731 ha.) and LIG (5.364 ha.); commercial, green space and the
residential/ Commercial area. Chart 2 shows the study area as built-up and non built-up area along
with the institutional area. Institute and Residential area is also shown in the map (Fig.7).
Residential/ Commercial and Institutional areas are shown in the map (Fig.8). Institutional area is
about 94.146 ha, Commercial having 0.867 ha. And the residential/ commercial is having 0.463 ha.
Green space in the study area is having a significant percentage. It has the area of about 12.676 ha.
Fig-7: Income based classification of house holds.
8. 8
Fig-8: Classification based on zoning
4.3: Waste estimation
Population of ward No. 44; Vijay colony is 8097 according to census2001 data. The number of
house hold is 1569. The population density of the ward is 52.56 %.Assumed rate of solid waste
generation is 0.4 kg/person/day.
Avg. No of persons per household = Total population of ward ÷ Total no. of Household
= 8097 ÷ 1569
= 5.16 no
The waste generated per one
household
= No of persons /Household x 0.4
= 5.16 x 0.4
= 2.064 kg/day.
Total waste generated within a
ward
= Total no of Household x Waste generated per
household
= 1569 x 2.064
= 3238.416 kg/day
In the study area the residential area is divided into HIG (30%), MIG (41%) and LIG (29%).
Author assumed the generation of waste for HIG is 0.5 kg/ day; MIG- 0.35 kg/ day and LIG- 0.25
kg/day. As a result HIG generates 1230.68 kg/ day whereas MIG generates 1177.51 kg/ day and
LIG creates 593.4 kg/ day. It shows that HIG group generates max. Most amount of solid waste
which mainly consists of the plastics.
One solid waste bin can handle about 2.5 tonnes of solid waste, which is the total amount of solid
waste collected for two days. In the study area, the resident used to throw their garbage in the open
9. 9
land. On the basis of these open dumping the author find out the location through GPS in the study
area. There are eleven prominent sites where people usually dump their waste. These eleven sites
approximately cover the whole area as shown in the map (Fig-9).
Fig-9: Buffer zone for the existing waste collection centers
In our study area, practically author proposes two new sites for solid waste collection bin and one
already exists near SOI. The proposed one site for locating solid waste bin near the bridge on New
Cantonment Road, and the second one is on the Bridge on the end of Kalidas Road. These two sites
are chosen because of the easily accessible and directly approachable for the municipal vehicle.
The municipal workers collect the waste from the colony by a small hand pulling vehicle and put it
within the Solid waste bin. On the basis of these three sites buffer zones has been created which
covers most of the ward. (Dia. 525 meter by a single Solid Waste Bin).
Fig-10: Buffer zone for new proposed solid waste collection sites.
10. 10
5. Conclusions
Geographic Information System (GIS) has proved to be an ideal tool for urban planning and
management owing to its versatility in handling a large set of data, providing an efficient
environment for analysis and powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving, transforming
and displaying spatial data. The present paper explores modern GIS in the location planning of
waste collection bins and its effectiveness with distance of every house hold. It is expected that
such assessment of the existing infrastructure will help the local government bodies in formulating
the necessary principles for better utilization of their existing resources. The following conclusion
can be drawn:
ß Remote sensing is an upcoming and valuable tool to generate information about Solid
Waste management.
ß The GPS is helpful in locating those points such as dustbins, which are not visible in
satellite data.
ß As for the solid waste management , GIS is a significant tool-
- For computing the quantity of waste from different urban areas.
- For planning the collection and transportation facilities.
- For assessment of temporary storage units i.e. dustbins.
ß By using remote sensing and GIS techniques, suitable dumping site is easy to find out.
ß Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS, together form a very efficient tool for solid Waste
management.
References
∑ UNGASS (1997) (United National General Assembly Special Session) Special session of
the General Assembly to review and appraise the implementation of Agenda 21 "Earth
Summit II" Declaration, June, paragraph 23.
∑ Von Rimscha, S. (1997). "Building the New” GIS-Europe, Vol. 6(9):pp. 28-30.
∑ NEERI Report ‘Strategy Paper on Solid Waste Management in India’, pp.1-7, 1996.
∑ Agrawl, Deepti (2003), “Solid waste management in Haridwar district –A Geospatial
approach”, M.Sc. Dissertation.
∑ Minakshi Kumar (2000),” Site Suitability analysis for solid waste disposal – A RS and
GIS approach”.
∑ Balkoteswarababu. T, (2000), “Environmental Impact assessment with Special emphasis
on Solid Waste management and ground water potential analysis”.
∑ Kumar, Sunil (2005) “Municipal Solid waste management in India; Present practices
and future challenges”.
∑ Oberoi S.V, Singh, L, Gaurav, Ohri, “A Solid waste management (SWM) in Varanasi City
using GIS”.
∑ www.dehradun.nic.in
∑ www.surveyofindia.gov.in
∑ www.iirs-nrsa.gov.in
∑ http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/reduce/catbook/iwm.htm