The lymphatic system helps defend the body against disease by circulating lymph, a fluid containing white blood cells, throughout the body in lymphatic vessels. Lymph passes through lymph nodes, which filter the lymph and house immune cells, before draining into the bloodstream. The immune system also protects the body by responding specifically to foreign substances called antigens. White blood cells like lymphocytes and macrophages identify and eliminate pathogens. Regular yoga practice can benefit both the lymphatic and immune systems by reducing stress, improving lymphatic drainage, and stimulating the release of immune cells.
Human Anatomy and Physiology - Lymphatic system and body defensesJethro Baltazar
Human Anatomy and Physiology - Lymphatic System and body defenses.
This presentation was made by Jethro Baltazar showing the Lymphatic system, Parts of Lymphatic system, Function of Lymphatic System, The body defenses including the importance of Lymphatic System in defending our body, Disorders of immunity and Developmental Aspects of the Lymphatic System.
Email me at emulsifier1998@gmail.com and jethrobaltazar1998@yahoo.com for more information and permission to download. You can also text me at 09096530340.
Lymph and lymphoid organs ,their composition,functions ,classifications along with diagrammatic representation,were explained.Which were the organs of lymphatic System and their functions regulations were also described in detail.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM (INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT LYMPHATIC SYSTEM)SohriaAping1
Learn some interesting facts about lymphatic system. Why is it important to our body and system. Knowing something interesting facts makes us happy knowing we knew something that adds to our knowledge and satisfy our curiosity. Know some basic facts about lymphatic system.
Lymphatic system, Human Lymphatic systemAmen Ullah
Tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) that enters the lymphatic vessels.
larger particles that escape into tissue fluid can only be removed via lymphatic system.
Human Anatomy and Physiology - Lymphatic system and body defensesJethro Baltazar
Human Anatomy and Physiology - Lymphatic System and body defenses.
This presentation was made by Jethro Baltazar showing the Lymphatic system, Parts of Lymphatic system, Function of Lymphatic System, The body defenses including the importance of Lymphatic System in defending our body, Disorders of immunity and Developmental Aspects of the Lymphatic System.
Email me at emulsifier1998@gmail.com and jethrobaltazar1998@yahoo.com for more information and permission to download. You can also text me at 09096530340.
Lymph and lymphoid organs ,their composition,functions ,classifications along with diagrammatic representation,were explained.Which were the organs of lymphatic System and their functions regulations were also described in detail.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM (INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT LYMPHATIC SYSTEM)SohriaAping1
Learn some interesting facts about lymphatic system. Why is it important to our body and system. Knowing something interesting facts makes us happy knowing we knew something that adds to our knowledge and satisfy our curiosity. Know some basic facts about lymphatic system.
Lymphatic system, Human Lymphatic systemAmen Ullah
Tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) that enters the lymphatic vessels.
larger particles that escape into tissue fluid can only be removed via lymphatic system.
contents of ppt include introduction, embryology, lymphatic organs and tissues, classification of lymph nodes, tnm staging, diseases of lymph nodes, classification of lymph node, inspection and palpation of lymph nodes, composition of lymph, function of lymphatic system and lymph nodes
Unit-III, chapter-2- Lymphatic System,
Functions of Lymphatic System,
Major Parts of Lymphatic System,
Composition of Lymph,
Lymph and Lymphatic Capillaries,
Structure of lymph node,
Mechanisms of Lymph Flow,
Functions of Lymph Node,
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT),
As per PCI syllabus,
B. Pharm. First Year,
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I.
The lymphatic system has three functions:
Fluid recovery.
Immunity
Lipid absorption
The lymphatic vessels of the small intestine receive the special designation of lacteals or chyliferous vessels.
The components of the lymphatic system are :-
lymph, the recovered fluid;
Lymphatic vessels, which transport the lymph;
Lymphatic tissue, composed of aggregates of lymphocytes and macrophages that populate many organs of the body; and
Lymphatic organs, in which these cells are especially concentrated and which are set off from surrounding organs by connective tissue capsules.
Occipital (2-4)
Superior nuchal line between sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Occipital part of scalp
Superficial cervical lymph nodes
Accessary lymph nodes
Mastoid (1-3)
Superficial to sternocleidomastoid insertion
Posterior parietal scalp
Skin of ear, posterior external acoustic meatus
Superior deep cervical nodes Accessary lymph nodes
Preauricular (2-3)
Anterior to ear over parotid fascia
Drains areas supplied by superficial temporal artery
Anterior parietal scalp
Anterior surface of ear
Superior deep cervical lymph nodes
Parotid (up to 10 or more)
About parotid gland and under parotid fascia
Deep to parotid gland
External acoustic meatus
Skin of frontal and temporal regions
Eyelids, tympanic cavity
Cheek, nose (posterior palate)
Superior deep cervical lymph nodes
Facial
Superficial(up to 12)
Maxillary
Buccal
Mandibular
Distributed along course of facial artery and vein
Skin and mucous membranes of eyelids, nose, cheek
Submandibular nodes
Deep
Distributed along course of maxillary artery lateral to lateral pterygoid muscle
Temporal and infratemporal fossa
Nasal pharynx
Superior deep cervical lymph nodesSuperficial
Anterior jugular vein between superficial cervical fascia and infrahyoid fascia
Skin, muscles, and viscera of infrahyoid region of neck
Superior deep cervical lymph nodes
Deep
Between viscera of neck and investing layer of deep cervical fascia
Adjoining parts of trachea, larynx, thyroid gland
Superior deep cervical lymph nodes
Anterior cervical/Superficial
Submental (2-3)
Submental triangle
Chin
Medial part of lower lip
Lower incisor teeth and gingiva
Tip of tongue
Cheeks
Submandibular lymph node to jugulo-omohyoid lymph node and superior deep cervical lymph nodes
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
3. Functions of each system
• Circulatory System -Transportation of
gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide,
chemical substances, Regulation of the
body fluid, Protection of the body from
infection.
• Lymphatic System - Cleansing the cellular
environment, Returning proteins and
tissue fluids to the blood (drainage),Fat
absorption, Defending the body against
diseases.
• Immune System - Defending the body
against disease via the immune response
4. The Lymphatic System
• The lymphatic system is a vast collection of cells and
biochemicals that travel in lymphatic vessels
• It is a network of vessels that assist in circulating fluids
• It is closely associated with the cardiovascular system
• It transports excess fluid away from the interstitial
spaces
• It transports fluid to the bloodstream
• It transports fats to the bloodstream
• It helps defend the body against diseases
9. • The walls are similar but thinner than those
of veins
• Lymphatic vessels are composed of three
layers:
• An endothelial lining (inner)
• Smooth muscle (middle)
• Connective tissue (outer)
• Larger vessels lead to lymph nodes and then
to larger lymphatic trunks
Lymphatic Vessels
12. The Lymphatic System
• Original word Latin: Lymph meaning clear water
• Lymph is essentially tissue fluid that has entered a
lymphatic capillary
• Lymph formation depends on tissue fluid formation
13. Tissue Fluid Formation
• The resulting fluid has:
• Much the same
consistency as plasma
• Contains water and
dissolved substances
• Contains smaller
proteins which create
plasma colloid osmotic
pressure
• Capillary blood pressure filters water and small
molecules from the plasma
15. Lymph Movement
• Hydrostatic pressure of tissue fluid drives the lymph
into the lymphatic capillaries
• Muscle activity largely influences the movement of
lymph through the lymphatic vessels via:
o Action of skeletal muscles
o Respiratory movements
o Smooth muscle in the larger lymphatic vessels
o Valves in the lymphatic vessels
16. Lymph nodes distribution & Drainage
• The lymphatic system is like a sewage system, an
intricate, underground network tied to every house
in town (body cells), that keeps the body healthy
• Lymph nodes or lymph glands are located along the
lymphatic pathways
• There are 500-600 Nodes
• They contain lymphocytes and macrophages to fight
invading pathogens
19. • Lymph nodes have two primary functions:
• Filter potentially harmful particles from
the lymph
• Act with immune surveillance provided
by macrophages and lymphocytes
• Along with the red bone marrow, the lymph
nodes are centers for lymphocyte production
Functions of Lymph Nodes
21. Tonsils
Collection of lymphoid tissue.
Total 5 – 2 - Lingual at the root of tongue
2- palantaine near phyarinx And
1-Adinoid in the nasophyarix in the nasal cavity.
They provide first line of defense against ingested
or inhaled pathogens
Produce T cells or T lymphocytes.
Become inflamed in response to infection.
23. Peyer’s Patches
Organized lymphoid follicles (Approx 100)
Appearance similar to lymph nodes
More at lower end of small intestine
Large variations in size, shape etc
Once the antigens of a pathogen are detected, the
T and B cells spread and prepare the body to fight
a possible infection.
24. • These are two other lymphatic organs with
functions similar to those of the lymph nodes
Thymus and Spleen
25. Thymus
The thymus is:
• A small triangular gland situated
behind the Sternum and anterior to
the Heart.
• Larger in infancy and during puberty
• Small in an adult
• Replaced by fat and connective tissue
in the elderly
• Site of T lymphocyte (or T cell)
production
• Secretes protein hormones
called thymosin
The loss or lack of the thymus results in
severe immunodeficiency and
subsequent high susceptibility to
infection
Thymus
in fetus
Thymus
in adult
26.
27. Spleen
• A flattened, oval-shaped organ in the upper left quadrant of the
abdomen. Made up of a dense fibrous connective tissue with red and
white pulp.
The main functions :
• To produce immune cells to fight antigens
• To remove aged blood cells, mainly erythrocytes
• To produce blood cells during fetal life. Up to the fifth month of prenatal
development the spleen creates red blood cells. After birth the bone
marrow is solely responsible for hematopoiesis
• The spleen stores red blood cells and lymphocytes. Up to 25% of
lymphocytes can be stored at any one time.
• A funeral place for RBCs & birth place for WBCs.
28.
29. Diseases of lymphatic System
Lymphadynopathy or Lymphoma Causes
enlargement of lymph nodes.
Cause may be –
Bacteria
Viruses or
Cancer.
31. Types of Immune Response.
Non specific: Natural barriers e.g.
skin
Highly specific: e.g. Response of
antibodies
32. Non- Specific Response
Skin – A primary boundary between Germs
and body. The epidermis contains cells called
Langerhans.Skin also secrets antibacterial
substance.
Nose, Mouth and eyes – Tears & mucus With
the help of Lysozyme and saliva with
antibacterialproperty, in the nasal mucosa
with the mucus and the cillia the entry of the
bacteria is prevented.
33. Non specific response
Chemical barriers e.g. tears
Inflammatoryresponse e.g. after injury
Interferons: Release of proteins after viral
attack
34. Specific response (Antigen-Antibody response)
Antigens – the causative factors
Bacteria
Toxins
Malignant cells
Foreign tissue
Antibody
Substances released in the body in
response to antigens
35. White Blood Cells – The main functional unit.
Also known as leucocytes
Cells of the immune system
Produced & derived in bone marrow,
Spleen and in Thymus gland
Found in blood & lymphatic system
They have nucleus unlike RBCs & platelets
36. Two types of White Blood Cells
Granulocytes –
Polymorphonuclear
Leucocytes
Varying shapes of
nucleus
Agranulocytes –
Mononuclear
Leucocytes
One lobed nucleus
38. Neutrophil: 60-70%
Defend against bacterial & fungal infection
Eosinophil: 2-4%
Rise in allergies (e.g. asthma), parasitic infection etc
Few in blood but plenty in respiratory & lower urinary
tract
Basophil: 0.5%
Release histamine & heparin
39. Lymphocyte:
More common in lymphatic system than in blood
B lymphocytes make antibodies & destroy pathogens
T lymphocytes help B cells to recognize the invader &
make antibodies
Monocyte:
Largest of the WBCs
Share phagocytosis with neutrophils
Once out of the blood stream into the body tissues,
they are known as macrophages
40. Role of T & B cells.
B cells produced by red bone marrow are
responsible for production of antibodies.
T cells helps B lymphocytes to recognize &
produce antibodies against foreign antigens.
There are also Helper, Suppressor T cells and
Cytotoxic T cells.
41. What is Immunity ?
Adequate biological defenses to fight
Against
Infection/Disease
Unwantedbiological invasion
And
Adequate tolerance to
Avoid allergy &
Autoimmune disorders
42. Types Of Immunity
Natural (innet)
Passive (Maternal)
Active (Infection)
Adaptive Immunity
Passive (Antibody transfer)
Active (Immunization)
43. Role Of Yoga
Stress plays a big role
- Yoga known to reduce stress
Various Yoga practices release endorphins
(Natural pain killers)
With regular Yoga practice endurance rises
44. Lymphatic System & Yoga
Shuddhi kriyas e.g. Jal Neti, Kapal bhati
Asanas – Sukshma vyayam, Suryanamaskar.
Sarvangasana,Shirshasana, Vipritkarani mudra
Pranayama – Abdominal breathing – produces -
ve pressure in chest & abdomen helps
lymphatic drainage
Uddiyana
Agnisara
45. Immunity & Yoga
Many viruses and bacteria quietly reside
within us until something within the body's
internal environment becomes unbalanced
and then they rally into action and attack.
Yoga helps lower stress hormones that
compromise the immune system, while also
conditioning the lungs and respiratory tract,
stimulating the lymphatic system to oust
toxins from the body, and bringing
oxygenated blood to the various organs to
ensure their optimal function
46. Immunity & Yoga
Immunity closely linked to Endocrine and ANS
All Yogic Practices ---Integration and Balances
Continuous(निरन्तर) and Long Term
(दीर्घकाल) is very important
Daily Sadhana helps in Autoimmune disorders,
Immune deficiency disorders and Allergic
reaction
Stress is the biggest enemy. Yoga helps lower
stress hormones that compromise the
immune system