Lymph node biopsy
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Lymph node biopsy is a surgical procedure to remove and examine lymph nodes to determine if they contain cancerous cells or other abnormalities. There are different types of lymph node biopsies including fine needle aspiration, core needle biopsy, open biopsy, and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Complications can include bleeding, infection, swelling, or nerve damage, but are generally rare. The document discusses the anatomy and functions of lymph nodes, indications for biopsy such as inflammation or cancer, different biopsy procedures and techniques, and potential risks.
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![WHAT ARE Lymph Nodes
• Lymph nodes are small glandular structures in
the course of lymphatic vessels.
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2]Cortex is composed of Primary and secondary
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Lymphoid proliferations can be benign or malignant. Benign causes include infections while malignant causes include lymphomas. Lymphomas are divided into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells while non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can be of B-cell or T-cell origin. Different cell markers are used to identify the specific cell type by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Investigation of lymph node enlargement includes history, examination, blood tests, imaging and biopsy to determine if the cause is benign reactive hyperplasia or malignant lymphoma or metastatic carcinoma.
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Lymph node biopsy
- 1. LYMPH NODE BIOPSY DR GANESH KHARKATE SENIOR RESIDENT DEPT OF GENERAL SURGERY AIIMS NAGPUR
- 2. WHAT ARE Lymph Nodes • Lymph nodes are small glandular structures in the course of lymphatic vessels. 1]Dense connective tissue is the outermost cover. 2]Cortex is composed of Primary and secondary lymph follicles.
- 3. Functions of Lymph nodes • Filtration of Lymph –Absorption of water and electrolytes. • Bacteria and other toxic substances are destroyed by Macrophages of Lymph nodes
- 4. • Lymph nodes are found throughout the body. • Part of the body’s immune system. • These nodes help fight infection by producing special white blood cells. • They also work by trapping bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. • Normally, lymph nodes cannot be felt unless they are swollen.
- 5. Enlargement of lymph nodes: • INFLAMMATORY : Acute and chronic lymphadinitis. • Chronic is again subdivided into specific i.e TB, Syphlis,Filarial, lymphpgranuloma inguinale. & Non specific or pyogenic. • NEOPLASTIC: Almost always malignant. Primary and Secondary Primary[reticulosis]: Hodgkin’s disease, Lymphosarcoma, Reticulosarcoma, lymphtic leukaemia. Secondary: Carcinoma, Melanoma, Sarcoma
- 6. DIFFERENT TYPES OF LYMPH NODE BIOPSY • Sentinel lymph node biopsy • Fine needle aspiration (FNA). • Core needle biopsy. • Open biopsy.
- 7. Fine needle aspiration (FNA).
- 8. FNAC • Needle into the lymph nodes to remove fluid and cells, which get examined . • local anesthesia is needed sometimes. • 23 GAUGE NEEDLE IS REQUIRED • Can be USG OR CT GUIDED(radiologist help may be required )
- 9. Open or excisional biopsy • The skin over the enlarged lymph node is marked and cleaned. • A cut called an incision is made through the skin. If possible, the incision is made within the creases of the neck. • The enlarged lymph node is removed. It is sent to a lab for testing. • The incision is closed with stitches.
- 12. Core needle biopsy devices
- 13. Types of core needles
- 15. • Regions for Procedure • Common areas for biopsy include: • Groin • Armpit • Neck • Under the jaw and chin • Behind the ears
- 16. Possible Complications of lymph node biopsy • Problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have some risk. Your doctor will review potential problems, like: • Bleeding • Infection • Swelling • Nerve damage, including numbness at the biopsy site, which usually resolves in a few months
- 18. Sentinal lymph node biopsy
- 20. Sentinal lymph node • ISOPHANE BLUE • METHYLENE BLUE • 99mTc • 99mTc-labelled colloidal rhenium sulphide), gamma probe and gamma camera for radiolocalisation and monitoring
- 21. Sentinal lymph node • MINIMUM 2 LN TO BE TAKEN FOR BREAST • MINIMUM 4 LN TO BE TAKEN FOR AXILLARY SAMPLING