Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), also known as Lyell's syndrome, is a rare, life-threatening skin condition usually caused by an adverse drug reaction. It causes the top layer of skin to detach from the lower layers all over the body, leaving the body susceptible to severe infection. TEN progresses from a rash and blisters to large areas of skin sloughing off and can involve mucous membranes. It has overall mortality rate of around 30% and treatment aims to discontinue the causative drug and provide supportive care to protect the skin and monitor fluid and electrolyte balance.
is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
Subsequent studies have suggested that development of the scarlet fever rash may reflect a hypersensitivity reaction requiring prior exposure to the toxin.
is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
Subsequent studies have suggested that development of the scarlet fever rash may reflect a hypersensitivity reaction requiring prior exposure to the toxin.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
1. Name : Francis Sharon Jessy
Group : 12
Topic : Lyell’s Syndrome
Teacher: Pazylova Baktigul
2. DEFINITION
• Definition:
• Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), also known as Lyell's syndrome,
is a rare, life-threatening skin condition that is usually caused by a
reaction to drugs. The disease causes the top layer of skin
(the epidermis ) to detach from the lower layers of the skin (the dermis),
all over the body, leaving the body susceptible to severe infection.
►morbilliform type: most common
► symmetrical, erythematous rash, macules & papules, lasts few days
► can proceed to serious cutaneous reactions:
► serum sickness
► hypersensitivity syndrome
► T.E.N
4. ► Adverse drug reaction
► over 100 drugs implicated
Commonest Causative Drugs
Sulphonamide antibiotics
Anticonvulsants
NSAIDs
Allopurinol
Corticosteroids
Newest Causative Drugs
Nevirapine (antiretroviral)
Lamatrogine
► Other causes:
► immunisations; bone marrow transplants; solid organ transplants
5. ► Prodromal phase; 1 – 14 days
► flu-like symptoms
► Inflammation:
► eyelids
► conjunctiva
► Tenderness:
► oral mucosa
► general cutaneous
► Generalised macular erythma:
► progresses to flaccid blisters and bullae
► join to form large bullae
► large areas of epidermis are “sloughed off”
► Mucous membranes often involved
► usually 1-3 days earlier then skin lesions
► eyes; oropharynx; respiratory tract; GI tract; genital tract; anus
Rapid progression over days. 10 – 100% of body’s surface area involved.
Discomfort
Pain
Fever
Sore throat
Cough
Malaise
6. Differential Diagnosis of T.E.N.
Burns
Conjunctivitis
Ulcerative keratitis
Staphylococal Scalded Skin Syndrome
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (S.J.S.)
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Exfoliative dermatitis
Erythema multiforme
Pemphigus
S.J.S. and T.E.N. Are very similar in cause, severity, clinical features and
variability. They only really differ in the extend of skin detachment and mortality
both being larger in T.E.N.
7. ► MICROBIOLOGY
► blood culture
► MSU
► swabs; including MRSA screening swabs
► GENERAL
► FBC
► ESR
► U&E and creatinine
► LFTs
► Albumin
► Glucose
► Calcium
► CRP
► Urine dipstick (protein & blood)
► IF INDICATED
► coagulation studies
► CXR
8. ► MAINLY SUPPORTIVE
► discontinue causative drug
► burns unit
► skin care; protect skin from infection
► monitor fluid and electrolyte balance
► nutritional support
► analgesics (may need oral/iv morphine)
► eye care; lubrication with chloramphenicol
► SCORTEN assessment
