1. ENHANCING LEARNING ABILITY AMONG STUDENTS BY USING DIGITAL
VISUAL IMAGES THOUGH PSYCHOLOGY APPROACH
Norasyikin binti Mat Rashid

2. Contents
1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem..................................................................................... 4
1.3 Research Objectives............................................................................................................. 5
1.4 Research Questions.............................................................................................................. 5
1.5 Research Hypothesis............................................................................................................ 6
1.6 Operational Definitions........................................................................................................ 6
1.7 Limitation of Study............................................................................................................. 7
1.8 Significance of Study.......................................................................................................... 7
2.0 Literature Review…………………………………………………………………………8

3. CHAPTER 1
1.1 Introduction
Education is most an important aspect in human life. Without education we cannot
compete and achieve in any area and succeed. Since in school, we have been taught how to
read, write and understand new things. This is because learning in school is very important in
educating us to become a success person. In this 21th century, young people especially
students are looking for something news for their learning. According to Kathy Browning on her
research in digital photography and art education, students able to develop their creativity while
learning new software and technologies.
Psychology is a study of the explanation and prediction of behaviour and concerned with
particular aspect of behaviour – language, perception, and learning. What is seen, in using the
sense of sight-seeing with the eyes towards a sense of observation? Based on the information
that comes through the eyes of someone will may encounter variety of colors, shapes, space
and textures. Understanding of color enables the students to know characteristic and then know
how to apply their knowledge daily. Looking at the students able to improve the spatial
intelligence to see the world of visual spatial a more accurately.
Within help the students love what they are not interested in the role of emotions and see
this students a very important. Cooper and Sawaf (1997) define emotional intelligence as the
ability to detect, understand and effectively apply the acuity and emotional power as a source of
human motivation, information, communication and influence.

4. “The more you know, the more you sense, the more you sense, the more you select, the more you
select, the more you perceive, the more you perceive, the more you remember, the more you
remember, the more you learn, the more you learn, the more you learn, the more you know.”
(Lester, 2006 p.7)
To enhance and create new perspective towards the students we have to teach them with
different kind of method in learning. This research is to focus on enhancing learning ability
among student by using digital photographic images. So it is important that a photograph will
give an interest to students in the psychology approach.
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem

5. The problem of this research is to analyze the role of photography and examine the
photographic images to be use in enhancing the learning ability of the students thought
psychology approach. However, there are needs in finding ways to encourage the student in
self-study and self-reliance in higher level of education using photographic approach and
improving the learning ability of the student’s education in Malaysia at a higher level.
According to Cooper and Sawaf (1997) define emotional intelligence as the ability to detect,
understand and effectively apply the acuity and emotional power as a source of human
motivation, information, communication and influence.
1.3 Research Objectives
The research objectives of this study are:
1. To examine the photographic images that can be used in enhancing learning ability among
students though psychology approach.
2. To analyze the role of photographic images that can be used in enhancing learning ability
among students though psychology approach
1.4 Research Questions
The research Question for this study are:
1. What types of photographic images used to enhance learning ability among students though
psychology approach?
2. Why photographic images are used to enhance learning ability among students though
psychology approach?

6. 1.5 Research Hypothesis
1.6 Operational Definitions
1.6.1 ‘Photography’ means painting with the light. In art world, photography is a part of art. The
first reputed have been termed by Sir John Herschel to William Henry Fox Talbot in letter in
1839. Henry Fox Talbot was the inventor of the negative positive process of photography.
Photography was introduced to the world in 1839 at the Academy of Science and Fine Arts in
Paris.
1.6.2 Psychology is a study of the explanation and prediction of behaviour and child
psychology is a concerned with particular aspect of behaviour – language, perception, learning.
1.6.3 Visual image is a mental image that is similar to a visual perception and a percept that
arises from the eyes: an image in the visual system. According to John Berger he said that
"Unlike any other visual image, a photograph is not a rendering, an imitation or an interpretation
of its subject, but actually a trace of it. No painting or drawing, however naturalist, belongs to its
subject in the way that a photograph does."
1.6.4 Multimedia Technologies Vaughan (2003) defined multimedia as presenting information
throughmultiple processes including but not limited to text, audio, graphics, animation,and video.
Instructors can integrate multimedia content into course materials that students can access
online, or they can transfer the material to CDs or DVDs that students can view off-line. When
an instructor uses multimedia,content delivery often is more efficient and dynamic. The
materials must be in a format that can engage students, maintain their interest, and meet their
learning needs.

7. 1.7 Limitation of Study
Base on this research, expectation and difficulties will be occurring during collecting data
for this research. This is due to the problem in communicating with the students themselves
because not all of them are giving cooperation toward these projects. As a result some
information may not easily gather and need assist from the teacher and with all this need a lot of
time and effort from researcher. . This study will use qualitative method.
1.8 Significance of Study
According to research project written by J. Allen, P.Mayhew & R.Hill (2012), Visual literacy
refers to the ability to comprehend, evaluate, and compose visual messages. Visual literate
persons are able to read visual messages, compose visual language statements and translate
from visual to verbal. Student will learn attitudes, behaviours, and question to ask which them to
think abstractly and analytically. Therefore viewers will need to engage in a variety of viewing
experiences, both in comprehending and composing. The media for visual communication is
include photography, pictures, model, graphic, painting, logo and etc.
The research finding will benefit photography society as the used of the photographic
images have been expended in education as it used to educate and deliver message by the
students in their learning session. The most important is in enhancing the learning ability of the
student using photographic images.
Research significant and importance are to enhance learning ability among students by
using photographic images. Photography can help them in learning new skills, knowing new
knowledge and ideas. They learn to comprehend, evaluate and compose visual messages.

8. CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
The section contains the researchers from past what is wanted is that each study will be
made is appropriate and correct and are used with good intentions.ost of the researches come
from a few articles, art book and science books such as psychology and also the art theory.
In Malaysia, education is very important. The government has done an early report of
Malaysia education development plan from 2013 to 2015 and includes a budget and strategy to
increase and improve the standard of education in Malaysia. In the early report it stated in
Phase 1 involved a review and comprehensive diagnostic of education system. This phase
begins with a detailed assessment performance of the Malaysian education system, focusing on
student outcomes, assess the exact cause and prime mover current performance level of
achievement, as well as identifies excellence in the education system as a model to be followed
and emulated (Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2012 p.4).
2.1 PHOTOGRAPHY AND DEFINITION
‘Photography’ means painting with the light. In art world, photography is a part of art.
The first reputed have been termed by Sir John Herschel to William Henry Fox Talbot in letter in
1839. Henry Fox Talbot was the inventor of the negative positive process of photography.
Photography was introduced to the world in 1839 at the Academy of Science and Fine Arts in
Paris.

9. 2.2 PHOTOGRAPHY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
Photography is a medium of communication to deliver a message and obvious things
without reading the books. Roland Barthes wrote about news photographs as messages. Barthe
talks about a photograph as being the closet example of pure denotation. However, when text is
added to the photograph the meaning and denotative status are changed. It detracts from the
image.
John Berger has mentioned that seeing comes before words. The child looks and
recognizes before they ask and speak. ‘‘The child should be given various opportunities of
collecting, organizing and classifying, making observations, writing notes and sketching
diagrams, interviewing, and observing’’ (Rutherford & Algren, 1990).
Use the senses in every child in helping to developed them to ask about something that
interests them. In science inquiry learning process is an important. Inquiry process begins with
the collection of information through the senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell (Whet
School & Disney Learning Partnership, 2000.)
2.3 PHOTOGRAPHY IN CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
Arnheim (1974) believes that photography is not as dynamic as painting because
photography is too environment-driven to grasp the essence of a subject or express the
authentic personality of a model. Rudolf Arnheim on his fundamental concept on Arnheim's
theory was He regards photography as less dynamic than these arts. The characteristics of
photography in Arnheim's theory could be described as Outside In--Environment-Driven. He
says that "Painting and sculpture come from the inside out; photography comes from outside in"
(Arnheim, 1986, p.115-116). We might say that painting and sculpture are "media-driven," but
photography is "environment-driven."

10. In Wikipedia was defined that photo psychology as a specialist within psychology that
identifies and analyzes the relationship between psychology and photography. The three
principles of photo psychology are used to trace the historical interaction between psychology
and photography; to identify past and present psychological use of photography in research,
assessment and therapy and for proposing new applications for psychological uses of
photography as in the case of reading pictures. So to make the children more interest in
something that unattractive less effective means, such as psychology and the picture is the best
medium to attract children.
2.4 The significant of photography is not just focusing on capturing family pictures or merely
a hobby to record personal activities, but more importantly photography is arguably plays
important role towards human civilization and developments in diversified such as social,
economic, politic, psychology, education and the like (Mustaffa Halabi 2011). Based on the
citation we can see that the used of photography have been expend to not just as a hobby and
capturing family pictures, it have been expend to education line, politic, economic and many
more.