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Lump abdomen
1. Approach to a patient with lump
in abdomen
Dr.Ankita Singh
Department Of Surgical Disciplines
AIIMS Delhi
2. Objectives
Adopt sequential approach to a patient
complaining about abdominal lump by
⢠Extracting relevant history
⢠Thorough clinical examination
⢠Clue to right diagnosis by conducting
investigations guided by above history &
examination
⢠Offering adequate treatment
7. HistoryâŚ
Past & personal history:
⢠comorbidity/ treatments- medical or
surgical
⢠Sleep-wake cycle/ eating habits/ appetite/
bladder & bowel habits/ substance abuse
Family/ menstrual & obstetric history:
⢠some diseases run in family (peptic ulcers/
crohnâs/ulcerative colitis/diverticulitis/ some
CA
11. Physical examination
Palpation:
1. Soft/tense/distention
2. Temperature
3. tenderness
4. Palpable organomegaly & its description
5. Palpable lump: site, tenderness, size, surface,
shape, consistency, margins,
movement(respiration/all directions/ballotable),
pulsatile(transmitted/expansile), *intraperitonial
vs parietal wall vs retroperitonial.
6. Hernial sites
12. Physical ExaminationâŚ
*The abdominal muscles made taut by asking
patient
(i) to raise his shoulders from the bed with
the arms folded over the chest â
the 'rising-test' or
(ii) to raise both the extended legs from the
bed â the 'leg lifting testâ(Carnett's test) or
(iii) to try to blow out with his nose and
mouth shut.
13. Physical examination
⢠If the swelling is parietal the swelling will be more
prominent when the abdominal muscles are
made taut and will be freely movable over the
taut muscle.
⢠If the swelling is parietal but fixed to the
abdominal muscle the swelling will not be
movable when the muscles are made taut
⢠Another differentiating point is that if the
swelling moves vertically with
⢠respiration it is obviously an intra-abdominal
swelling.
14. Physical examination
Percussion:
1. Technique for lump
2. Technique for evaluation of ascites
3. Span of organomegaly
*solid lump-dull(superficial),resonant(coils of
bowel overlying)
#Band of colonic resonance
~Hydatid thrill
18. Investigations
To confirm diagnosis, based on site:
1. USG abdomen- origin of lump, nature,
invovement of adjacent structures, other
findings
2. Organ specific: Stomach, duodenum,
Hepatobiliary, spleen, pancreas, small bowel
vs large bowel, urinary organs, adenexa etc.
3. Supporting blood investigations and imaging
21. Lump in Right hypochondrium
a. PARIETAL SWELLINGS:
skin & subcutaneous tissue-sebaceous cyst,
lipoma, fibroma, neurofibroma, angioma, etc.
cold abscess
b. INTRA ABDOMINAL:
1. liver- hepatomegaly(fatty liver, infections,
malignancy), isolated palpable liver
lesion(hydatid)
22. Lump in Right hypochondrium
(a) congenital riedelâs lobe
(b) amoebic hepatitis & abscess
(c) suppurative pylephlebitis
(d) suppurative cholangitis
(e) gumma of liver
(f) hydatid cyst
(g) liver carcinoma- primary vs secondary
(h) cirrhosis
23. Lump in Right hypochondrium
2. Gall bladder: benign- smooth globular lump,
upper margin not defined, movement with
respiration +.
(a) Mucocele
(b)Empyema with stone impaction neck
(c) Porceliene gall bladder
(d)Carcinoma gall bladder
24. Lump in Right hypochondrium
3. Subdiaphragmatic abscess
4. Pylorus stomach & duodenum:
(a) Carcinoma
(b)Subacute perforation of peptic ulcer
5. Hepatic flexure of colon:
(a) Intussusseption
(b)Hypertrophic tuberculosis- ileo-caecal
(c) Colonic ca
25. Lump in Right hypochondrium
6. kidney: bean shaped firm lump, slight
movement with respiration, ballotable,
bimanual palpable
(a) Hydropehrosis/ pyonephrosis
(b)Renal cell carcinoma
(c) Lymphoma
7. suprarenal/ adrenal:
(a) adrenal hyperplasia
26. Lump in Right hypochondrium
(b) Pheochromocytoma
(c) Benign ganglioneuroma
(d) Malignant neuroblastoma
45. Lump in left iliac fossa
PARIETAL LUMP: iliac abscess(pyogenic/ TB)
INTRA ABDOMINAL LUMP: same as RIF except
ileo caecal, appendix.
1. Sigmoid & descending colon: diverticulitis,
carcinoma.
Editor's Notes
Solid lump- dull if superficial, but not dull if deep and overlapped by bowel loops- resonant
In appendicitis(pelvic),
Suppurative pylephlebitis.â During the course of acute appendicitis or inflamed piles,if the patient suffers from a high rise of temperature with rigor one should suspect of this condition. The liver becomes palpable and tender.
Suppurative cholangitis.â Usually a history of cholelithiasis is received. The stone becomes impacted in the common bile duct. There will be high rise of temperature and the liver becomes tender. Jaundice is usually associated with.
Gumma of the liver.â This condition is very rare now a days. It resembles carcinoma having no symptom in the early stage. It is a manifestation of third stage of syphilis, WR and Kahn test will be positive. Presence of other syphilitic stigmas confirm the
diagnosis.