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Unit 5
The
Muscular System
DeFord
Standard LT5.1
Characteristics & Functions
The Muscular System
Muscles make up the bulk of the body and account for about
one-third of its weight.
Muscle tissue is found everywhere within the body, not only
beneath the skin but deep within the body, surrounding many
internal organs and blood vessels. There are over 600 different
muscles!
The size and location of muscle tissue helps determine the
shape of our bodies and the way we move.
Without the muscular system, none of the other body systems
would be able to function.
Muscular System Characteristics
There are four characteristics associated with muscle
tissue
• Excitability (Irritability) - tissue can receive and respond
to stimulation
• Contractility - tissue can shorten and thicken
• Extensibility - tissue can lengthen/stretch (requires the
contraction of another muscle)
• Elasticity – ability to recoil and resume resting length
after stretching
Muscular System Functions
The characteristics of muscle tissue enable it to perform
some important functions, including
• Movement (both voluntary and involuntary) of the body as
a whole and within the body
Is blinking voluntary or involuntary?
Part 1: Have your partner read a book or do an everyday activity.
The point is to not thing about blinking. Count the number of times
your partner blinks in one minute. Record information. Change roles.
Part 2: Record the length of time your partner can go without
blinking. Record information. Change roles.
Part 3: Obtain an overhead transparency. Have your partner hold the
transparency in front of their eyes, about 6” from their face. Instruct
them to try and keep their eyes open as you gently toss a wadded
up piece of paper at the transparency. Watch their eyes carefully and
record if they blinked or not. Change roles.
Muscular System Functions
The characteristics of muscle tissue enable it to perform
some important functions, including
• Movement (both voluntary and involuntary) of the body as
a whole and within the body
• Posture or muscle tone
• Supporting soft tissues within body cavities
• Regulating entrances and exits of the body
• Maintaining body temperature

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LT5.1 Characteristics & Functions

  • 1. Unit 5 The Muscular System DeFord Standard LT5.1 Characteristics & Functions
  • 2. The Muscular System Muscles make up the bulk of the body and account for about one-third of its weight. Muscle tissue is found everywhere within the body, not only beneath the skin but deep within the body, surrounding many internal organs and blood vessels. There are over 600 different muscles! The size and location of muscle tissue helps determine the shape of our bodies and the way we move. Without the muscular system, none of the other body systems would be able to function.
  • 3. Muscular System Characteristics There are four characteristics associated with muscle tissue • Excitability (Irritability) - tissue can receive and respond to stimulation • Contractility - tissue can shorten and thicken • Extensibility - tissue can lengthen/stretch (requires the contraction of another muscle) • Elasticity – ability to recoil and resume resting length after stretching
  • 4. Muscular System Functions The characteristics of muscle tissue enable it to perform some important functions, including • Movement (both voluntary and involuntary) of the body as a whole and within the body
  • 5. Is blinking voluntary or involuntary? Part 1: Have your partner read a book or do an everyday activity. The point is to not thing about blinking. Count the number of times your partner blinks in one minute. Record information. Change roles. Part 2: Record the length of time your partner can go without blinking. Record information. Change roles. Part 3: Obtain an overhead transparency. Have your partner hold the transparency in front of their eyes, about 6” from their face. Instruct them to try and keep their eyes open as you gently toss a wadded up piece of paper at the transparency. Watch their eyes carefully and record if they blinked or not. Change roles.
  • 6. Muscular System Functions The characteristics of muscle tissue enable it to perform some important functions, including • Movement (both voluntary and involuntary) of the body as a whole and within the body • Posture or muscle tone • Supporting soft tissues within body cavities • Regulating entrances and exits of the body • Maintaining body temperature

Editor's Notes

  1. The skeleton and its joints support, protect and provide flexibility for the body, but the skeleton CANNOT move itself. That job is performed by the muscle tissue that makes up the muscular system.
  2. NO! You are not learning them all! You will only be learning 45 of them!
  3. Muscles ability to contract not only enables the body to move, but also provides the force that pushes substances, such as blood and food, through the body.
  4. There are many functions of muscles, the most obvious one is movement. It is not just the movement of the body as a whole, obviously doing this requires muscles.. But all of the movement within the body are regulated by muscles. Something as simple as blood flow, within your blood vessels - arteries, especially, there are very important muscles regulating how thin or how thick those blood vessels are, that helps distribute the right amount of blood to the particular places in the body that need a slight adjustment. So within the body are muscles that you can’t consciously control; for instance, muscles control whether or not my hairs are standing straight up and my pores are closed or if they are just kind of relaxed like they are now. Those are again controlled by muscles we don’t think about. So. There are voluntary muscles, also known as skeletal muscles that we can consciously control for the movement of the body as a whole. Muscles produce movement of the body by pulling on bones as a muscle contracts. And the muscles within the body are referred to as involuntary and are the cardiac muscles and the smooth muscles. Lets do an activity! Is blinking voluntary or involuntary?  
  5. You are going to complete three different tasks with your table partner to determine if blinking is voluntary or involuntary muscle action. Discuss your findings… They should have discovered that blinking is both! Part 1: They should come to the conclusion that this is an INVOLUNTARY muscle action. Part 2: Needless to say, after doing this activity, students should understand that they can VOLUNTARILY keep their eyes open, but eventually the NEED to blink overrules because blinking helps to moisten the eyes with tears and oils and staring at someone dries the eyes out. Part 3: Most students blink during this activity, reinforcing the fact that blinking is a reflex action that protects the eyes from foreign objects.
  6.  Maintaining body position. Continuous muscle contractions maintain body position. Just sitting like you are now, you have a bunch of muscles that are contracted and a bunch of muscles that are relaxed. If you change your position, then you are changing which muscles are contracted and which are relaxed. Without this constant action of contraction/relaxion by various muscles you could not sit upright without collapsing or stand without toppling over!   Support of soft tissues. If you think about the abdominal muscles, even if you don’t have a six pack having all these muscles right here is the next best thing to having bones there. The abdominal wall and the floor of the pelvic cavity consist of layers of skeletal muscle that support the weight of visceral organs and shield internal tissues from injury.   Regulating entrances and exits. Not just the mouth, but the connection between the esophagus and the stomach. At the bottom of the tube that gets food into your stomach you have the lower esophageal sphincter. A sphincter is kind of like a round muscular doorway that helps regulate the food going into the stomach. There is also a sphincter on the bottom end of the stomach that helps regulates how much digested food is going into the small intestine for further breakdown and absorption of nutrients. Another one is the anal sphincter. Of course, this will regulate when and where you will defecate.   Maintaining body temperature. Of course, shivering…that is something that will help you not freeze to death. Shivering is a bunch of really quick contractions and relaxations that you don’t have conscious control over but is important because it will actually raise your body temperature by having all that muscular movement.