Dewey believed that traditional morality and philosophical ethics were not well-suited to address the problems of social change in the late 19th/early 20th century United States. He argued they served the interests of elites and failed to adapt to new circumstances. Dewey proposed reconstructing ethics pragmatically by focusing on identifying methods to improve value judgments through experience, consequences, and adapting habits in response to changing situations rather than appealing to fixed principles. His naturalistic approach located the basis for ethics in human conduct and experience rather than external sources like religious doctrine.