Observational learning describes the process of learning through watching others, retaining the information and then later replicating the behaviors that were observed.
Observational learning describes the process of learning through watching others, retaining the information and then later replicating the behaviors that were observed.
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Allport's personality Theory separates all traits into three basic subcategories: Cardinal, Central, and Secondary traits. This trait theory suggests that individual personalities are composed of broad dispositions. It is also based mainly on differences between individuals. The combination and interaction of various traits form a personality that is unique to each individual, this theory focused on identifying and measuring these individual personality characteristics.
Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Advocated by famous psychologists such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, behavioral theories dominated psychology during the early half of the twentieth century. Today, behavioral techniques are still widely used in therapeutic settings to help clients learn new skills and behaviors
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Allport's personality Theory separates all traits into three basic subcategories: Cardinal, Central, and Secondary traits. This trait theory suggests that individual personalities are composed of broad dispositions. It is also based mainly on differences between individuals. The combination and interaction of various traits form a personality that is unique to each individual, this theory focused on identifying and measuring these individual personality characteristics.
Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Advocated by famous psychologists such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, behavioral theories dominated psychology during the early half of the twentieth century. Today, behavioral techniques are still widely used in therapeutic settings to help clients learn new skills and behaviors
Navigating the Social Media Jungle - social media for service providersShai Shamir
The social media opportunity is here and now. It may seem like a jungle out there. However, as a service provider, the question is not whether you will do something about it, but what you plan to navigate it and when you will embark on your expedition.
This eBook guides service providers through what is required to navigate the social media jungle and reap the rewards.
Psychology as a science- area of applications – the study of
individual & individual differences-study of behavior stimulus
response behavior heredity and environment
human mind attitude- personality
Examples Of Psychological Resilience
Examples Of Discursive Psychology
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Essay about Behavior Psychology
Ethics in Psychology Essay
The Five Approaches to Psychology Essay examples
Example Of A Positive Psychology Paper
Essay about Definition of Psychology
A Career as a Psychologist Essay
Essay about Psychology Theories
Example Of A Behavioral Psychology Essay
Sample Undergraduate Psychology Essay
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How Psychology Changed My Life
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Essay on Educational Psychology
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Classic Study in Social Psychology Essay example
Humanistic Psychology Essay examples
Examples Of Personality Psychology
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Are all human beings same or different?
GENOME VARIATIONS
Genome variations are differences in the sequence of DNA from one person to the
next
people are unique in large part because their genomes are unique.
The more closely related two people are, the more similar their genomes.
Every human genome is different because of mutations that occur occasionally in a
DNA sequence.
Your genome contains about 100 "new" mutations—changes that occurred during
fertilization.
These genome variations are uniquely yours.
variations in your genome arose many generations ago and have been passed down
from parent to child over the years, until they ended up in you.
3. We each differ in the degree of our various spiritual, mental, emotional and
physical abilities, and in the manner in which the amounts of the various
qualities combine in our individuality.
Some behavioral psychologists say that all humans are the same unless the
culture and environment they live differs.
4. It’s a continuous process of change
Human lives are a continuous process of change.
From birth to death millions and millions of changes occur in our lives.
Physical, emotional and physiological changes take place during our lives.
One of the major controversies in developmental psychology is whether
development is continuous or discontinuous.
Theorists who believe children grow continuously believe that kids constantly add
new lessons and skills on top of old lessons and skills as they get older.
They believe that children grow at a steady, uniform speed.
Even though parents can't see it with their eyes, children are growing all the time
right in front of them. Their bodies make new cells.
Their minds learn new skills as they play and interact with other people every day.
5. On the other hand, theorists who believe children grow discontinuously
believe children grow in stages as they develop chunks of abilities and to
experience events at certain times in life.
To some parents, it may seem that their children learn to do things all of the
sudden, like when a baby goes from only being able to crawl to being able to
toddle around on two feet almost over night.
It is true that development is a continuous process that never stops, it is also
true that there are stages to growth and that developments unfold at
predictable times across the life span.
6. Adaptive Vs. Maladaptive
The main difference between adaptive and maladaptive behavior is their
behavioral patterns.
Adaptive behavior allows individuals to adapt in a positive manner to various
situations.
It is a useful adjustment to a particular behavior. Adaptive behavior creates a
condition where the individual can truly develop and grow.
Example:- in order to relieve the anxiety and tension the individual takes medical
and psychological help.
Maladaptive behavior is a negative form of behavior which harms the individual.
Maladaptive behavior is coping mechanisms that are not productive.
Example:- Instead of relieving the anxiety and tension that the individual feels,
substance abuse is a maladaptive behavior that harms the individual even though
it provides a momentary relief.
7. Adaptive Vs. Maladaptive
Adaptive Maladaptive
Adaptive behavior allows individuals to
adapt in a positive manner to various
situations.
Maladaptive behavior can be viewed as
a negative form of behavior which
harms the individual.
Adaptive behavior is positive and
functional to the individual.
Maladaptive behavior is negative and
dysfunctional.
Adaptive behavior relieves the anxiety
in a productive manner.
Maladaptive behavior does not. It
forces the individual to avoid the
situation or else engage in counter-
productive behavior.
Adaptive behavior enables personal
growth.
Maladaptive behavior delays personal
growth.
Adaptive behavior can be viewed in
healthy individuals.
Maladaptive behavior is a symptom of
psychological diseases.
8. Human as a social being
Humans are highly social beings.
There is emerging evidence that evolutionary processes have favored the
development of complex social behaviors in humans, along with the brain
design that supports them.
The human brain, and particularly the neocortex (which constitutes its
outmost layer), is much larger in humans as compared to other primates and
mammals of similar size.
This is particularly interesting because the neocortex comprises many of the
brain areas involved in higher social cognition, such as conscious thought,
language, behavioral and emotion regulation, as well as empathy and theory of
mind -- the ability to understand the feelings and intentions of others
9. Need of interaction
Men are social beings who co-operate with each other to better meet their
daily needs.
According to Bowlby (1969/1982, 1988), an infant’s attachment to a caregiver
serves as the foundation for all future social development.
Through social interactions, humans begin to establish a sense of “self” and to
learn what others expect of them.
Children who learn appropriate social skills often have a higher self-esteem
and show a greater willingness to interact with their environment as they
grow.
10. Children who learn appropriate social skills often have a higher self-esteem
and show a greater willingness to interact with their environment as they
grow.
Teachers and adults can be very effective in promoting social interaction by
encouraging children to play together and by praising them when they do.
We live in a world where most of our daily environment is made or affected by
other humans, either by those living now or the previous generations.
11. Why are we dependent on each other?
Before the creation of civilization the human race was basically no different
than the rest of the animal kingdom. Human hunted for food in small groups
and survived by the skills at foraging and not being hunted in turn or by
ingesting something fatal.
As civilization began, knowledge began to grow and passed from generation to
generation.
With the increase in knowledge it became apparent that no single individual
was going to able to accomplish all that was needed.
In a society, the members have mutual interests and work together t increase
the productivity, and we live in a constant dependency on each other.
It is as a result of man's countless needs, which can never be fulfilled by
himself alone, that he recognizes the possibility of fulfilling them through the
help and co-operation of others
12. Causes of human behavior
Aristotle and Skinner identifies four causes for the human behavior as the
material, the formal, the efficient, and the final causes.
the material cause would be found in the organism as a whole (and not just in
neurobiological substrates), the formal cause would be the prior model on
which a certain cause is based (and not an internal representation or a formal
analogy of behavior), the efficient cause would be considered as an agent (and
not only an originator event), and the final cause would be the teleological
function of the behavior.
Material cause:- In every change there is, a new purpose. Before undergoing
the change, it is in power to produce a new result; then under the action of
an efficient source it receives a new actualization.
Formal cause:- Form is the value of purpose which accounts for the thing
being the kind of thing it is. Form is the principle of actuality, of the thing
being the sort of thing it is.
13. Efficient cause:- The efficient cause of a behavior may also be internal to the
thing. The efficient cause of the behavior is the natural form of the thing that
changes. Behavioral changes with the age can be an efficient cause.
Final cause:- The final cause, according to Aristotle is that for the sake of
which behavior happens. It is the end or purpose for which the behavior
takes place.
14. Human behavior is motivated.
Motivation directs behavior toward particular goals.
Many psychologists believe that human beings are focused by nature. That is,
people set goals for themselves and initiate courses of action they think will
help them achieve those goals.
Motivation increases effort and persistence in activities.
Motivation increases the amount of effort and energy that learners expend in
activities directly related to their needs and goals
Motivation affects cognitive processes.
Motivation affects what and how learners mentally process information.
15. Motivation determines what consequences are reinforcing and punishing.
The more motivated a person is the more proud he will be when accepted by the
society and respected by other people. They will be more upset by disapproval.
Motivation often leads to improved performance
Because of the other effects just listed—goal-directed behavior, effort and
energy, persistence, cognitive processing, and impact of consequences—
motivation often leads to improved performance