1. The document outlines the syllabus for the 7th level competitive examination for Medical Officers in Nepal.
2. The examination will have two parts - a written exam worth 200 marks and an interview worth 30 marks. The written exam will consist of two papers - Medical Science (100 marks) and a subjective paper (100 marks).
3. The syllabus covers various topics related to pharmacy, including pharmaceutical development, legislation, analysis, pharmaceutics, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, drug acts and pharmacopoeia, and pharmaceutical care.
Nepal Pharmacy Council Model Questions with Answer keysBashant Kumar sah
MCQS, most probable questions compiled from the GPAT old exam questions, old council and LokSewa questions, pharmacology, jurisprudence, pharmaceutics, pharmacognosy, chemistry, hospital pharmacy.
Nepal Pharmacy Council Model Questions with Answer keysBashant Kumar sah
MCQS, most probable questions compiled from the GPAT old exam questions, old council and LokSewa questions, pharmacology, jurisprudence, pharmaceutics, pharmacognosy, chemistry, hospital pharmacy.
MULTI COMPARTMENT MODELS (Contact me: dr.m.bharathkumar@gmail.com)DR. METI.BHARATH KUMAR
Two compartment open model intravenous Bolus administration
Two compartment open model intravenous infusion
Two compartment open model Extravascular administration first- order kinetics
Definition of drug interaction, potential of herb-drug interactions,significance of study of herb-drug interactions, reasons for their study, types according to ayurveda, effects & different ways of herb-drug interactions, their mechanism, hypericum, kava lava, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, garlic, pepper, ephedra.
: Neurohumoral transmission (Autonomic and somatic). Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, Sympatholytics, Ganglionic stimulants and blockers. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral). Local anesthetic agents. Drugs used in Myasthenia Gravis.
MULTI COMPARTMENT MODELS (Contact me: dr.m.bharathkumar@gmail.com)DR. METI.BHARATH KUMAR
Two compartment open model intravenous Bolus administration
Two compartment open model intravenous infusion
Two compartment open model Extravascular administration first- order kinetics
Definition of drug interaction, potential of herb-drug interactions,significance of study of herb-drug interactions, reasons for their study, types according to ayurveda, effects & different ways of herb-drug interactions, their mechanism, hypericum, kava lava, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, garlic, pepper, ephedra.
: Neurohumoral transmission (Autonomic and somatic). Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, Sympatholytics, Ganglionic stimulants and blockers. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral). Local anesthetic agents. Drugs used in Myasthenia Gravis.
Nepal Oil Corporation Syllabus for the examination of level 06 open+int labPragati Shah
Nepal Oil Corporation Syllabus for the examination of level 06 open lab +int lab. Questions model is of multiple choice and subjective questions from chemistry book and analytical chemistry
- Whilst the realization of the CTD took many years, there is now a common format for the submission of Marketing Authorizations Applications across the three ICH regions - Europe, Japan and the USA.
- This should facilitate pharmaceutical companies to make simultaneous filings in the ICH regions as it will eliminate the extensive work previously required to convert, for example, a US dossier to an EU dossier and vice versa.
The herbicide residue from intensive agricultural
activity provokes environmental disturbances and human health injuries. Among the enzymatic disruptor herbicides, mesotrione is able to inhibit 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), which plays a key role in the carotenoid synthesis. Therefore, enzyme-based sensors are innovative options for monitoring herbicides used in agriculture.
ETORICOXIB AND PREGABALIN OF METHOD DEVLOPMENT IN RPHPLC BY UPEXA BAVADIYAUpexaBavadiya
Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Etoricoxib and Pregabalin in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form by RP-HPLC 2K21 GTU MASTER IN PHARMACY BY UPEXA BAVADIYA
2015 11-26 ODDP2015 Course Oncology Drug Development, Amsterdam, Alain van GoolAlain van Gool
Tutorial lecture explaining real case stories of oncology drug development, passing on lessons learned from my pharma days to an audience of research professionals.
Long Acting Injectables - A New Dimension for Proteins and PeptidesMilliporeSigma
Access the recording: https://bit.ly/2xAaMba
Abstract:
Long acting injectables (LAI) have been around for decades for the delivery of small molecules and peptides to treat chronic and site-specific diseases. However, when it comes to more sensitive biological therapeutics the classical polylactide and polylactide/glycolide based systems suffer from several limitations (e.g. uncontrolled release kinetics, in situ pH drop, protein degradation) making them unsuitable. The SynBiosys® biodegradable polymeric microparticle technology combines all the features required for LAI formulations for biologics. In two case studies we will showcase sustained release formulations for peptides and proteins and demonstrate their potential via extensive in vitro and in vivo characterization.
Similar to Lok Sewa Aayog Syllabus for Pharmacy student's Of Nepal (20)
WHO model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019Niraj Bartaula
WHO’s Essential Medicines List and List of Essential Diagnostics are core guidance documents that help countries prioritize critical health products that should be widely available and affordable throughout health systems.
The updated Essential Medicines List adds 28 medicines for adults and 23 for children and specifies new uses for 26 already-listed products, bringing the total to 460 products deemed essential for addressing key public health needs.
औषधीजन्य मालसामान खरीद तथा आपूर्ति ब्याबस्थापन सहजीकरण पुस्तिका २०७४Niraj Bartaula
देशका सम्पुर्ण स्वास्थ्य संस्थाहरुमा प्रभावकारी किसिमले स्वास्थ्य सेवालाई आबश्यक पर्ने औषधि तथा सामाग्रीहरुको आपूर्ति प्रणालीको ब्यबस्थापन गर्न,खपत दर र मौज्दातको जानकारी लिन,आपूर्ति प्रयाप्त मात्रा मा भएको छ,छैन यकिन गर्न, आबश्यकता अनुरुप सामाग्री खरिद गर्न, योजना तर्जुमा गर्न, सामानको ढुवानी काॠ तालिकाको बिकास गर्नका लागि एक महत्वपूर्ण पुस्तिका
Near half Nepali drugs manufacturers operate illegally (with list)Niraj Bartaula
Twenty-five domestic drugs manufacturers have been operating illegally. However, the Department of Drug Administration (DDA) has not taken any action.
There are 55 drugs manufacturers in the country and they produce different types of medicines, according to DDA. Nine more drug companies are awaiting DDA approval to come into operation.
According to DDA, drugs worth Rs 16.5 billion are produced domestically every year ( 46 percent of the total supply) while drugs worth Rs 19.45 billion (54 percent) are imported, including 52 percent imported from India and two percent from other countries.
Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), the apex scientific body in the health sector, recently found that nine substandard drugs were supplied by the government and the private sector to government-run health facilities, including seven drugs produced domestically.
About a decade ago, the government mandated the Who Health Organization Good Manufacturing Practices (WHO GMP) for all manufacturers of pharmaceuticals. “Several domestic pharmaceuticals producers have not applied the WHO GMP,” said Bhogendra Raj Dotel, executive director at the Primary Health Care Revitalization Division (PHCRD) under the Department of Public Health Services.
Essential medicines are those medicines that satisfy the priority health care needs of the
population. WHO published the first essential medicine list in 1977 and has been updating it
every two years since. Nepal being a signatory of the Alma Ata declaration (1978) implemented the essential medicine
program with a first ever National List of Essential Medicines, NLEM in 1986. Since then NLEM revised five times (1992, 1997, 2002, 2011 and 2016) with the support from
WHO Nepal
Dr.Govinda KC का समर्थक हरु लाइ म यति भन्न चाहन्छु एक पटक राम्ररी चिकित्सा शिक्षा बिधेयक पढियोस...के स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्र भनेको केवल डाक्टरहरु मात्र हुन ?? डा.के.सी अरु माँगहरु प्रति म पनि समर्थनमा गर्दाछु र धेरै पहिले देखी गर्दै आएको पनि छु तर चिकित्सा बिधेयक भनेर डाक्टरहरुलाइ मात्र ल्याउन लागिएकोमा बिरोध हो। स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्र भनेको केवल डाक्टरहरु मात्र हुन ?? नाम स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रको बेथिति र माफियातन्त्रको गर्ने अनि अरु क्षेत्रलाइ बेवास्ता गरेर अपहेलित गर्ने ??बाँदरले त आफ्नो धर नी बनाउदैन र अरुको नि बन्न दिदैन तर अरुको धर भत्काएर आफ्नै मात्र धर बनाउने लाइ के भन्ने ?? चिकित्सा बिधेयक भनेको स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा लागु गरिने नियम मात्र होइन, त्यो नियम भित्र कस्ले कसरी आफ्नो भुमिका निर्वाह गर्ने भनि शक्ति बाँडफाँड पनि हो,अनि के सम्पुर्ण system balance नगरी एउटा क्षेत्रले आफुलाइ मात्र सोचेर कुन प्रजातान्त्रिक अभ्यास गरिएको ?? अरु क्षेत्रको आफ्नो प्रजातान्त्रिक अधिकार पनि नदेखेर हुन्छ ?
#Jay_Pharmacy
#IamWithPharmacy
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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PSC Page 2 5/23/2013
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Section A- 20 Marks
1. Development of Pharmacy and Drug Legislation in Nepal.
1.1. Pharmaceutical development in Nepal.
1.2. Pharmaceutical institution in Nepal.
1.3. Drug legislation in Nepal.
1.4. National Health Policy, National Drug Policy and their relation.
1.5. Role and Responsibility of Nepal Pharmacy Council
4. Pharmaceutical analysis
4.1 Fundamental titrametric analysis: Acid-base, Oxidation-reduction, Non-
aqueous, Complexometric and potentiometric titrations; Ion selective electrodes.
4.2 Spectroscopic methods of analysis, Absorption, Visible, IR, UV spectroscopy,
Fluorimetry, Polarimerty, Atomic absorption and Emission spectroscopy.
4.3 Gravimetric analytical methods and their applications.
4.4 Separation techniques: Column, Paper, Thin layer, Ion exchange, Gel and Gas
chromatography; High Performance Liquid Chromatography, High Performance
Thin Layer Chromatography, Electrophoreses.
4.5 Extraction procedures and role of partition coefficient.
4.6 Principles and application of microbiological assay of antibiotics and vitamins.
4.7 Good Laboratory Practices, validation, references standards.
4.8 Statistical analysis, sampling technique, analysis of variance.
Section B- 20 Marks
2. Pharmaceutics
2.1. Prescription, proper handling of prescription, incompatibilities.
2.2. Pharmaceutical dosage form: Fast, Immediate, Sustained/controlled release
including novel drug delivery system. e.g. mucosal drug delivery systems.
2.3. Manufacturing; Elements of Good Manufacturing Practice; WHO Certification
Scheme on the Quality of Pharmaceutical Products Moving in International
Commerce and its usefulness for quality assurance; packaging and stability of
pharmaceutical products, costing of pharmaceutical formulation and prediction
of maximum retail price.
2.4. Pharmaceutical additives.
2.5. Lay out plan of pharmaceutical manufacturing plant including quality control,
good manufacturing practice and safety measures in factories.
2.6. Physical pharmacy; application of thermodynamics; rate and order of reaction;
accelerated stability testing and shelf-life of drugs; pH; buffered and isotonic
solution; solution of electrolytes; micromeritics; colloidal system; theology.
2.7. Bioavailaility and Bioequivalence studies.
6. Microbiology
Scope of microbiology with special reference to pharmaceutical sciences, basic
principles of sterility and pyrogen testing, fundamental of Immunology,
Testing of vaccines used in Extended Programme of Immunization.
Microbial contamination test in pharmaceuticals, food, water and environment;
classification of pathogenic microorganisms.
Basic principles of Biotechnology.
Methodology of sterilization.
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PSC Page 3 5/23/2013
Section C- 30 Marks
3. Pharmacognosy
3.1 Medicinal herbs of Nepal: Origin, distribution, cultivation, drying, pulverization,
storage, and quality control.
3.2 Plant analysis, types of plant constituents and physico-chemical standards.
3.3 Plant based drugs in modern medicine.
3.4 Extraction process and isolation of active ingredients, pilot plant processing.
5. Pharmacology
5.1 Mechanism and action of drugs, their safety, uses and mode of administration.
5.2 Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacological evaluation of drugs.
5.3 Poisoning: control and treatment.
5.4 Adverse drug reaction and drug interactions.
7. Medicinal Chemistry
Characterization of organic compounds of pharmaceutical interest and specific
reactions.
Synthesis of important pharmaceuticals, their pharmacological action and anti-
microbial activities.
Section D- 30 Marks
8. Drug Act & Pharmacopoeia
8.1 Legislation
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8.2 Pharmacopoeia; Pharmacopoeial standards and their needs; importance and
application of pharmacopoeial specification.
9. Pharmaceutical Care & Drug Supply Management
Comprehensive knowledge of clinical and hospital pharmacy; patient
counseling and dosage adjustment in elderly, impaired liver and kidney; use of
drug in neonates, children, pregnancy and lactation.
Logistics management (selection, procurement, storage and distribution).
Drug Financing Schemes (cost recovery, sharing and insurance).
Concept of Essential Drugs, National Formulary, Hospital Formulary and Drug
& Therapeutics Committee.
Standard Treatment Schedules and rational use of drugs.
Role of Pharmacist in hospital and community.
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PSC Page 4 5/23/2013
j:t'ut ax'pQ/ gd"gf k|Zgx? (Sample questions)
1. Phenobarbitone induces metabolism of:
(A) Cumarine (B) Paracetamol
(C) Oral contraceptives (D) Ibuprofen
Correct Answer:- (C)
2. Validation of a QC procedure is a part of :
(A) Quality system (B) GLP
(C) GMP (D) QA activity
Correct Answer:- (C)
3. A pharmaceutical company received an order for coated ranitidine tablet from the
marketing department with an instruction that coated tablet should retain the company
logo. Which of the following coating process would you prefer?
(A) Sugar coating (B) Film coating
(C) Enteric sugar coating (D) B and C
Correct Answer:- (B)
4. As per the USP requirement, tablets weighing more than 324 mg should not deviate
by more than 5% from the average weight. Normally 20 tablets are sampled. How
many tablets USP allows to differ (this deviation should not exceed twice the limit)
from the average weight?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Correct Answer:- (B)
5. The pH partition hypothesis related to drug absorption is based on the following
assumption
(A) Existence of stationary compartment between GIT and blood.
(B) Unionised form of the drug is more lipid soluble.
(C) Passive diffusion of drug through the barrier.
(D) All of the above.
Correct Answer:- (D)
6. Morphine upon methylation gives
(A) Codeine (B) Nicotine (C) Heroin (D) Thebaine
Correct Answer:- (C)
ljifout gd"gf k|Zgx? (Sample questions)
1. Compare and contrast Health and Drug policies of Nepal in relation to catering better
health care services to the general public. (10 marks)
2. Describe concept of essential drugs and national formulary. Discuss the role of
pharmacist in the community and therapeutic management of the patient. (5+5 marks)
3. Write notes on the following: (5+5 marks)
a) HPLC
b) Mass Spectroscopy
4. Outline the main difference between the USP and BP/EP sterility test. (10 marks)
5. Describe principles of technological possibilities for manufacture of oral extended
release dosage forms. Indicate where appropriate, the kinetics of release. (10 marks).