Essential medicines are those medicines that satisfy the priority health care needs of the
population. WHO published the first essential medicine list in 1977 and has been updating it
every two years since. Nepal being a signatory of the Alma Ata declaration (1978) implemented the essential medicine
program with a first ever National List of Essential Medicines, NLEM in 1986. Since then NLEM revised five times (1992, 1997, 2002, 2011 and 2016) with the support from
WHO Nepal
The document discusses the regulatory requirements for package inserts in India. Package inserts are documents approved by authorities that are provided with drug packages to inform safe and effective use. In India, the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Rules govern package inserts and require certain information under Section 6 of Schedule D, including therapeutic indications, dosage, administration method, warnings, interactions and adverse effects. Package inserts are primarily intended to inform healthcare professionals but can also include patient information leaflets in non-technical language.
The document discusses various schedules under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of India. It provides details on Schedule H, J, W, X, and Y which are important for prescribers. Schedule H contains a list of prescription-only drugs that can only be sold by a registered medical practitioner. Schedules J, W, X also restrict drugs in some way. The document gives an overview of the various schedules and focuses on Schedule H, providing a list of over 500 drugs that are included in this schedule.
Essential medicines, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) are "those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the community can afford
The document summarizes the constitution and functions of key organizations under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and Rules of 1945 in India. The Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB) advises the central and state governments and consists of 18 ex-officio and nominated members. The Drugs Consultative Committee (DCC) advises on securing uniformity and consists of central and state government representatives. The Central Drugs Laboratory (CDL) in Kolkata analyzes drug and cosmetic samples sent by courts and customs and maintains reference standards.
Medications are an important tool for preventing illness and disability in older populations, but they can also cause medication-related problems (MRPs). MRPs are undesirable events involving drug therapy that interfere with patient outcomes. Common symptoms of MRPs include changes in speech, falls, confusion, loss of appetite, weakness, incontinence, insomnia, and Parkinson's-like symptoms. Older adults are more at risk for MRPs due to multiple chronic diseases, medications, prescribers, and age-related physiological changes. The presentation provides tips for preventing MRPs such as designating a medication manager, keeping an accurate medication list, consulting providers before starting new medications, and developing routines for administering medications to patients
This document provides information on establishing and operating a community pharmacy. It defines a community pharmacy as privately owned establishments that serve a society's drug needs. Key aspects covered include selecting an accessible site, designing an ideal layout, meeting legal requirements for licensing and record keeping, properly dispensing medications, and maintaining appropriate patient, legal, and financial records. The goal is to provide convenient pharmaceutical services and products to customers while complying with regulations.
EML :Satisfy the priority healthcare needs of majority of the population.
WHO EML was recognised as important guiding document mainly for the public sector for the procurement, distribution, rational use and quality assurance of medicines.
The list is made with consideration to disease prevalence, efficacy, safety and comparative cost-effectiveness of the medicines.
Careful selection of a limited range of essential medicines results in a higher quality of care, better management of medicines and more cost-effective use of health resources.
Not considered on Sales turnover on the basis of volume.
National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy(NPPP)2012, DPCO
The document discusses the regulatory requirements for package inserts in India. Package inserts are documents approved by authorities that are provided with drug packages to inform safe and effective use. In India, the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Rules govern package inserts and require certain information under Section 6 of Schedule D, including therapeutic indications, dosage, administration method, warnings, interactions and adverse effects. Package inserts are primarily intended to inform healthcare professionals but can also include patient information leaflets in non-technical language.
The document discusses various schedules under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of India. It provides details on Schedule H, J, W, X, and Y which are important for prescribers. Schedule H contains a list of prescription-only drugs that can only be sold by a registered medical practitioner. Schedules J, W, X also restrict drugs in some way. The document gives an overview of the various schedules and focuses on Schedule H, providing a list of over 500 drugs that are included in this schedule.
Essential medicines, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) are "those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the community can afford
The document summarizes the constitution and functions of key organizations under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and Rules of 1945 in India. The Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB) advises the central and state governments and consists of 18 ex-officio and nominated members. The Drugs Consultative Committee (DCC) advises on securing uniformity and consists of central and state government representatives. The Central Drugs Laboratory (CDL) in Kolkata analyzes drug and cosmetic samples sent by courts and customs and maintains reference standards.
Medications are an important tool for preventing illness and disability in older populations, but they can also cause medication-related problems (MRPs). MRPs are undesirable events involving drug therapy that interfere with patient outcomes. Common symptoms of MRPs include changes in speech, falls, confusion, loss of appetite, weakness, incontinence, insomnia, and Parkinson's-like symptoms. Older adults are more at risk for MRPs due to multiple chronic diseases, medications, prescribers, and age-related physiological changes. The presentation provides tips for preventing MRPs such as designating a medication manager, keeping an accurate medication list, consulting providers before starting new medications, and developing routines for administering medications to patients
This document provides information on establishing and operating a community pharmacy. It defines a community pharmacy as privately owned establishments that serve a society's drug needs. Key aspects covered include selecting an accessible site, designing an ideal layout, meeting legal requirements for licensing and record keeping, properly dispensing medications, and maintaining appropriate patient, legal, and financial records. The goal is to provide convenient pharmaceutical services and products to customers while complying with regulations.
EML :Satisfy the priority healthcare needs of majority of the population.
WHO EML was recognised as important guiding document mainly for the public sector for the procurement, distribution, rational use and quality assurance of medicines.
The list is made with consideration to disease prevalence, efficacy, safety and comparative cost-effectiveness of the medicines.
Careful selection of a limited range of essential medicines results in a higher quality of care, better management of medicines and more cost-effective use of health resources.
Not considered on Sales turnover on the basis of volume.
National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy(NPPP)2012, DPCO
The document outlines the guidelines for Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) in Nepal as established by the Nepal Pharmacy Council. It details the major roles of pharmacists in providing quality pharmacy services and medication management. The guidelines specify requirements for pharmacy premises, equipment, manpower, storage, inventory control, services, and documentation to ensure optimal patient care and regulatory compliance. Adherence to GPP aims to improve public health outcomes.
Community pharmacies include privately owned establishments that serve the public's need for drugs and pharmaceutical services. They range from corporate chains to independently owned shops. Community pharmacists play an important role in processing prescriptions accurately, counseling patients, monitoring drug use, promoting health, and responding to minor ailments. They must maintain legal and financial records and adhere to a code of ethics regarding their professional activities and relationships.
hospital formulary is developed under the guidance of pharmacy and therapeutic commitee of the hospital.pharmacist working in a hospital should play an important role in the preparation of the hospital formulary
I. This document discusses different methods of drug distribution in hospitals including individual prescription orders, floor stock systems, unit dose dispensing, and outpatient versus inpatient distribution.
II. The main types of drug distribution systems covered are individual prescription ordering, complete floor stocking, a combination of the two, and unit dose dispensing.
III. Key aspects of each system like advantages, disadvantages, and procedures are summarized.
Community pharmacy provides pharmaceutical care and serves the public's need for medicines. In India, community pharmacies are privately owned medicine shops that serve local communities. Community pharmacists play an important role in providing patients access to healthcare by managing their medication needs. They are regulated under the Pharmacy Act of 1948 and must maintain certain legal records. To run a pharmacy properly, pharmacists must select an appropriate site, design an effective layout, stock medicines correctly, hire qualified staff, and keep various financial and legal records.
The Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee (PTC) is a policy-making body that advises the hospital administration on matters related to drug therapy. The PTC assists in developing policies around drug procurement, distribution, use, and safety. It is composed of physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and administrators. The PTC's functions include establishing drug policies and procedures, preventing unnecessary drug use, promoting rational prescribing guidelines, and monitoring for medication errors and adverse drug reactions. It also plays roles in ensuring drug safety, reviewing drug utilization, developing emergency drug lists, and conducting training programs.
Pharmacists in India play an important role in improving healthcare access and health outcomes. Currently there are around 10 lakh pharmacists in India working in various healthcare settings. Pharmacists can help overcome India's shortage of healthcare professionals by providing services like dispensing medicines accurately, counseling patients, aiding national health programs in tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, and improving access to care in rural communities. By utilizing pharmacists' expertise and expanding their roles, India can more effectively achieve its public health goals.
Drug Information Services, Drug information Sources, Illegal DIC, Drug Information Bulletin, Classification of scientific literature, services offered bu drug information services
LINK FOR VIDEO LECTURES
https://youtu.be/-4nzP2vOGdg
DRUG TECHNICAL ADVISORY BOARD IS IN THE PHARMACY SYLLABUS AND THE QUESTIONS ARE ASKED IN THE PHARMACY EXAMS .
SUCH AS GPAT NIPER AND SEMSESTER EXAM/
Organization structure of hospital pharmacyHarish Rahar
This document discusses hospital pharmacy, defining it as the department where pharmacists distribute medicine to inpatients and outpatients. A hospital pharmacy's responsibilities include procuring, storing, compounding, testing, manufacturing, dispensing, packaging, and distributing drugs. It should be conveniently located on the ground floor for easy access. The roles of a hospital pharmacist include practicing ethically, managing drug purchasing and inventory, inspecting supplies, counseling patients, and promoting rational drug use. Larger hospitals require departmentalization with separate areas for inpatient services, outpatients, administration, compounding, packaging, storage, and sterile products preparation.
Hospital and its organisation, BUDGET AND pHARMACY AND tHERAPEUTIC COMMITTEESanju Kaladharan
Hospital administration oversees hospital operations and policies. Therapeutic services provide medical treatment to patients, including physical, occupational, speech and respiratory therapy. Diagnostic services determine the cause of illness through medical testing. Support services maintain hospital facilities and equipment. The pharmacy and therapeutics committee advises on drug selection and use to ensure cost-effective and quality patient care.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Drug and Cosmetic Act and Rules in India, including:
- The Acts and Rules regulate the import, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs and cosmetics in India.
- Important definitions are provided for terms like "drug", "cosmetic", "manufacture" and others.
- Drugs and cosmetics can be deemed "misbranded", "adulterated" or "spurious" if they do not meet certain standards.
- The Rules contain 18 parts and 26 schedules providing detailed requirements and guidelines for drugs and cosmetics.
- Key agencies like the Drugs Technical Advisory Board help administer the Acts and
The document discusses the role and functions of a drug information center located within a hospital pharmacy. It describes how drug information centers collect and compile drug information from various sources and make it available to doctors and other medical professionals to answer drug-related queries and inform clinical decision-making. The centers are typically equipped with extensive reference materials, journals, and sometimes electronic databases. Their goal is to provide up-to-date, evidence-based drug information to improve patient care and safety.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT
PLANNING
ORGANIZING
STAFFING
DIRECTING
CONTROLLING
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
MARKETING RESEARCH
MEASURING AND FORECASTING MARKET DEMAND
This presentation provides an overview of community pharmacy, including definitions, scopes, roles and responsibilities. It discusses the different levels of healthcare delivery from primary to tertiary care. It also outlines the sectors involved in healthcare delivery such as public, private, and NGOs. Additionally, it examines the role of community pharmacists in addressing issues like communicable diseases, nutrition, and infrastructure management. NGOs are highlighted as important partners for healthcare delivery through activities like health education, family planning services, and addressing water/sanitation and nutrition needs.
Bio pharmaceutical classification System [BCS]Sagar Savale
The Biopharmaceutical Classification System was first developed by in 1995, by Amidon et al & his colleagues.
Definition:
“The Biopharmaceutical Classification System is a scientific framework for classifying a drug substance based on its aqueous solubility & intestinal permeability & dissolution rate”.
To saved time fast screening is required so drug substances are classified on basis of solubility and permeability. This classification is called Biopharmaceutical Classification System
The National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) for India is developed based on disease burden and priority health concerns to guide treatment, promote rational medicine use, and optimize health resources, with the first list created in 1996 and revised lists issued in 2003 and 2015; the NLEM categorizes medicines by treatment levels and therapeutic areas, and provides criteria for inclusion based on approval, efficacy, safety, cost-effectiveness, and guidelines as well as criteria for deletion if a medicine is banned, raises safety concerns, or if a better treatment exists.
14ab1t0024 roles and responsibilities of hospital pharmacistRamesh Ganpisetti
Hospital pharmacists play several important roles in ensuring patients receive the most appropriate treatment. They advise patients and medical staff on all aspects of medications, including type, dosage, and administration method based on individual needs. Pharmacists can recommend the best form of medication such as tablets, injections, or inhalers. They are also seen as experts who can advise on safe drug combinations and solutions to specific patient problems. In addition, pharmacists monitor treatment effects to ensure safety, effectiveness, and appropriateness for each user.
in that presentation information regarding how to start pharmaceutical acts in all over India & also provides history of pharmaceutical legislation in India
This document discusses rational use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. It provides examples of common OTC drug categories and explains that rational use means using the appropriate medication, in the proper dose, for the right duration and indication. Irrational or improper use can lead to antimicrobial resistance, adverse reactions, financial costs, and erosion of patient confidence in the healthcare system. Factors contributing to irrational use include lack of knowledge and unethical drug promotion. Improving rational use requires guidelines, education, availability of essential medicines, and eliminating financial incentives for improper prescribing. Several examples of irrational fixed-dose drug combinations are also provided that combine drugs with different mechanisms or indications.
The document discusses the concept of essential medicines. It begins by defining essential medicines as those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the majority of the population and should be available at all times in adequate amounts and affordable price. It then outlines the history of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, criteria for selecting essential medicines, guidelines for establishing national essential medicines programs, and advantages and disadvantages of essential medicines lists. It also summarizes recommendations from the 18th WHO Model List and 4th Essential Medicines List for Children from 2013.
The document outlines the guidelines for Good Pharmacy Practice (GPP) in Nepal as established by the Nepal Pharmacy Council. It details the major roles of pharmacists in providing quality pharmacy services and medication management. The guidelines specify requirements for pharmacy premises, equipment, manpower, storage, inventory control, services, and documentation to ensure optimal patient care and regulatory compliance. Adherence to GPP aims to improve public health outcomes.
Community pharmacies include privately owned establishments that serve the public's need for drugs and pharmaceutical services. They range from corporate chains to independently owned shops. Community pharmacists play an important role in processing prescriptions accurately, counseling patients, monitoring drug use, promoting health, and responding to minor ailments. They must maintain legal and financial records and adhere to a code of ethics regarding their professional activities and relationships.
hospital formulary is developed under the guidance of pharmacy and therapeutic commitee of the hospital.pharmacist working in a hospital should play an important role in the preparation of the hospital formulary
I. This document discusses different methods of drug distribution in hospitals including individual prescription orders, floor stock systems, unit dose dispensing, and outpatient versus inpatient distribution.
II. The main types of drug distribution systems covered are individual prescription ordering, complete floor stocking, a combination of the two, and unit dose dispensing.
III. Key aspects of each system like advantages, disadvantages, and procedures are summarized.
Community pharmacy provides pharmaceutical care and serves the public's need for medicines. In India, community pharmacies are privately owned medicine shops that serve local communities. Community pharmacists play an important role in providing patients access to healthcare by managing their medication needs. They are regulated under the Pharmacy Act of 1948 and must maintain certain legal records. To run a pharmacy properly, pharmacists must select an appropriate site, design an effective layout, stock medicines correctly, hire qualified staff, and keep various financial and legal records.
The Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee (PTC) is a policy-making body that advises the hospital administration on matters related to drug therapy. The PTC assists in developing policies around drug procurement, distribution, use, and safety. It is composed of physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and administrators. The PTC's functions include establishing drug policies and procedures, preventing unnecessary drug use, promoting rational prescribing guidelines, and monitoring for medication errors and adverse drug reactions. It also plays roles in ensuring drug safety, reviewing drug utilization, developing emergency drug lists, and conducting training programs.
Pharmacists in India play an important role in improving healthcare access and health outcomes. Currently there are around 10 lakh pharmacists in India working in various healthcare settings. Pharmacists can help overcome India's shortage of healthcare professionals by providing services like dispensing medicines accurately, counseling patients, aiding national health programs in tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, and improving access to care in rural communities. By utilizing pharmacists' expertise and expanding their roles, India can more effectively achieve its public health goals.
Drug Information Services, Drug information Sources, Illegal DIC, Drug Information Bulletin, Classification of scientific literature, services offered bu drug information services
LINK FOR VIDEO LECTURES
https://youtu.be/-4nzP2vOGdg
DRUG TECHNICAL ADVISORY BOARD IS IN THE PHARMACY SYLLABUS AND THE QUESTIONS ARE ASKED IN THE PHARMACY EXAMS .
SUCH AS GPAT NIPER AND SEMSESTER EXAM/
Organization structure of hospital pharmacyHarish Rahar
This document discusses hospital pharmacy, defining it as the department where pharmacists distribute medicine to inpatients and outpatients. A hospital pharmacy's responsibilities include procuring, storing, compounding, testing, manufacturing, dispensing, packaging, and distributing drugs. It should be conveniently located on the ground floor for easy access. The roles of a hospital pharmacist include practicing ethically, managing drug purchasing and inventory, inspecting supplies, counseling patients, and promoting rational drug use. Larger hospitals require departmentalization with separate areas for inpatient services, outpatients, administration, compounding, packaging, storage, and sterile products preparation.
Hospital and its organisation, BUDGET AND pHARMACY AND tHERAPEUTIC COMMITTEESanju Kaladharan
Hospital administration oversees hospital operations and policies. Therapeutic services provide medical treatment to patients, including physical, occupational, speech and respiratory therapy. Diagnostic services determine the cause of illness through medical testing. Support services maintain hospital facilities and equipment. The pharmacy and therapeutics committee advises on drug selection and use to ensure cost-effective and quality patient care.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Drug and Cosmetic Act and Rules in India, including:
- The Acts and Rules regulate the import, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs and cosmetics in India.
- Important definitions are provided for terms like "drug", "cosmetic", "manufacture" and others.
- Drugs and cosmetics can be deemed "misbranded", "adulterated" or "spurious" if they do not meet certain standards.
- The Rules contain 18 parts and 26 schedules providing detailed requirements and guidelines for drugs and cosmetics.
- Key agencies like the Drugs Technical Advisory Board help administer the Acts and
The document discusses the role and functions of a drug information center located within a hospital pharmacy. It describes how drug information centers collect and compile drug information from various sources and make it available to doctors and other medical professionals to answer drug-related queries and inform clinical decision-making. The centers are typically equipped with extensive reference materials, journals, and sometimes electronic databases. Their goal is to provide up-to-date, evidence-based drug information to improve patient care and safety.
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT
PLANNING
ORGANIZING
STAFFING
DIRECTING
CONTROLLING
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
MARKETING RESEARCH
MEASURING AND FORECASTING MARKET DEMAND
This presentation provides an overview of community pharmacy, including definitions, scopes, roles and responsibilities. It discusses the different levels of healthcare delivery from primary to tertiary care. It also outlines the sectors involved in healthcare delivery such as public, private, and NGOs. Additionally, it examines the role of community pharmacists in addressing issues like communicable diseases, nutrition, and infrastructure management. NGOs are highlighted as important partners for healthcare delivery through activities like health education, family planning services, and addressing water/sanitation and nutrition needs.
Bio pharmaceutical classification System [BCS]Sagar Savale
The Biopharmaceutical Classification System was first developed by in 1995, by Amidon et al & his colleagues.
Definition:
“The Biopharmaceutical Classification System is a scientific framework for classifying a drug substance based on its aqueous solubility & intestinal permeability & dissolution rate”.
To saved time fast screening is required so drug substances are classified on basis of solubility and permeability. This classification is called Biopharmaceutical Classification System
The National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) for India is developed based on disease burden and priority health concerns to guide treatment, promote rational medicine use, and optimize health resources, with the first list created in 1996 and revised lists issued in 2003 and 2015; the NLEM categorizes medicines by treatment levels and therapeutic areas, and provides criteria for inclusion based on approval, efficacy, safety, cost-effectiveness, and guidelines as well as criteria for deletion if a medicine is banned, raises safety concerns, or if a better treatment exists.
14ab1t0024 roles and responsibilities of hospital pharmacistRamesh Ganpisetti
Hospital pharmacists play several important roles in ensuring patients receive the most appropriate treatment. They advise patients and medical staff on all aspects of medications, including type, dosage, and administration method based on individual needs. Pharmacists can recommend the best form of medication such as tablets, injections, or inhalers. They are also seen as experts who can advise on safe drug combinations and solutions to specific patient problems. In addition, pharmacists monitor treatment effects to ensure safety, effectiveness, and appropriateness for each user.
in that presentation information regarding how to start pharmaceutical acts in all over India & also provides history of pharmaceutical legislation in India
This document discusses rational use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. It provides examples of common OTC drug categories and explains that rational use means using the appropriate medication, in the proper dose, for the right duration and indication. Irrational or improper use can lead to antimicrobial resistance, adverse reactions, financial costs, and erosion of patient confidence in the healthcare system. Factors contributing to irrational use include lack of knowledge and unethical drug promotion. Improving rational use requires guidelines, education, availability of essential medicines, and eliminating financial incentives for improper prescribing. Several examples of irrational fixed-dose drug combinations are also provided that combine drugs with different mechanisms or indications.
The document discusses the concept of essential medicines. It begins by defining essential medicines as those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the majority of the population and should be available at all times in adequate amounts and affordable price. It then outlines the history of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, criteria for selecting essential medicines, guidelines for establishing national essential medicines programs, and advantages and disadvantages of essential medicines lists. It also summarizes recommendations from the 18th WHO Model List and 4th Essential Medicines List for Children from 2013.
The document discusses essential medicines lists, noting that the World Health Organization first published an essential medicines list in 1977 which is updated every 5 years, and that countries like India also publish their own national essential medicines lists. It provides details on the history and revisions of India's National List of Essential Medicines, the criteria for including and excluding medicines from the list, and examples of common types of medicines included in essential medicines lists.
The document discusses the concept of essential medicines and rational use of drugs. It defines essential medicines as those that meet the priority health care needs of the population. The WHO publishes a Model List of Essential Medicines every two years to guide countries in developing their own national lists. Educational, managerial, economic and regulatory strategies can be used to promote rational drug use and selection of cost-effective treatments. Pharmacists can play a role through drug selection, inventory control, patient education, and pharmaceutical care.
Abacavir is an antiretroviral used to treat HIV infection. It is administered orally in combination with other antiretrovirals. The dosage is 16 mg/kg/day divided into two doses for children under 25 kg and 600 mg/day divided into two doses for children over 25 kg and adults. Abacavir can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions and lactic acidosis, so should be permanently discontinued if any related symptoms occur. It is also generally avoided during pregnancy except if no alternative treatment is available.
Abacavir is an antiretroviral used in combination with other drugs to treat HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. It is administered orally in tablet or liquid form, with dosages depending on weight and age. Abacavir can cause hypersensitivity reactions and should not be given to patients with severe liver impairment or a history of intolerance to the drug.
Abacavir is an antiretroviral used in combination with other drugs to treat HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. It is administered orally in tablet or liquid form, with dosages depending on weight and age. Abacavir can cause hypersensitivity reactions and should not be given to patients with severe liver impairment or a history of intolerance to the drug.
Abacavir is an antiretroviral used in combination with other drugs to treat HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. It is administered orally in tablet or liquid form, with dosages depending on weight and age. Abacavir can cause hypersensitivity reactions and should not be given to patients with severe liver impairment or a history of intolerance to the drug.
The FDA has warned of rare but serious allergic reactions occurring with products containing chlorhexidine gluconate, an antiseptic commonly used in skin preparations before surgery and injections. While rare, reports of serious allergic reactions have increased in recent years. The FDA identified 52 cases of anaphylaxis associated with chlorhexidine gluconate products applied to the skin between 1969-2015, including two deaths. Health professionals are advised to be aware of the risk of serious allergic reactions when using chlorhexidine gluconate products.
This document reviews awareness about banned drugs in India. It discusses that while many drugs have been banned globally due to harmful side effects, they remain available in India due to a lack of enforcement and physician awareness. Some commonly banned drugs that are still found in India include nimesulide, furazolidone, phenylpropanolamine, and oxyphenbutazon. The document outlines reasons why drugs may be banned, such as new safety issues identified after approval. It calls for increased education of consumers and enforcement of banned drug laws to protect public health.
Pharmacology is the study of how drugs act on living organisms and the body's response to drugs. It has two main subdivisions: pharmacokinetics, which is how the body affects drugs, and pharmacodynamics, which is how drugs affect the body. Pharmacology aims to safely and effectively treat diseases using drugs by understanding their mechanisms of action, toxicity, and interactions within the body and with other substances. Rational and proper use of drugs listed on a country's Essential Drug List is important to ensure treatments are accessible, affordable and benefit patients' health.
The document discusses the World Health Organization's (WHO) Essential Medicines List. It provides a brief history of the essential medicines concept and the rationale for creating such a list. The WHO first published a Model List of Essential Medicines in 1977 containing 212 medications. The list is updated every two years to guide member countries in selecting medicines that satisfy priority health needs while considering factors like efficacy, safety, cost and availability. The presentation reviews the process for adding medications to the WHO list and highlights some differences between the WHO list and India's national essential medicines list.
This document discusses the role of drugs and considerations for drug selection and administration. It defines what a drug is and explains the various roles drugs play in health services, including determining diagnoses, preventing and curing diseases, restoring health, and changing body functions. It outlines factors to consider when selecting drugs, such as indications, contraindications, adverse effects, dosage form, and cost versus benefit. When administering drugs, it is important to consider the drug's dosage form, route of administration, onset and duration, and patient's age and condition. The principles of right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, and right time must be followed to properly administer medications.
Introduction to pharmacology 2018 updated Ahmed Ali
This document provides an introduction to the key concepts in pharmacology. It discusses what pharmacology is, the rational use of drugs, and drug characteristics such as sources, classification, and names. It outlines major drug uses in clinical practice and general principles of rational drug prescribing. Key points covered include drug classification systems based on therapeutic use and pharmacologic mechanisms. Adverse drug effects and their specific forms are examined. Pregnancy categories and drug nomenclature are also summarized. The overall objectives of pharmacology and drug therapy are to provide maximum benefit and efficacy while minimizing harm and toxicity.
Focus on long acting opioid substitution therapy.pptxehab elbaz
Long-acting buprenorphine injections like Buvidal can help address some of the limitations of daily-dosed opioid substitution therapies for opioid dependence. Evidence shows that Buvidal provides sustained suppression of withdrawal symptoms and drug cravings from the first dose. It also has favorable retention rates and safety profiles in both short-term and long-term studies compared to sublingual buprenorphine. Buvidal has the potential to improve outcomes for opioid dependence by offering more individualized treatment through less frequent dosing than daily options.
Assessment of drug utilization and rational drug use on WHO indicationZaibaFathima8
This is a study done in the outpatient department for a short period of time to recognize the drug utilized and use of rational drug use based on WHO indicators under the guidance of Dr. GOPINATH S, M Pharm., Ph.D.,
by Prabhavathi S co. B Pharmacy final year project.
Drug standards and legislation are governed by laws in every country. Internationally, the first law to regulate drugs was passed in 1906 requiring drugs be free of adulterants. The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 required all drugs be tested for safety and approved by the FDA for marketing. The Kefauver-Harris Amendments of 1962 were passed after thalidomide caused birth defects, requiring increased drug testing. In Pakistan, several acts have been passed over time to regulate drugs including the Poisonous Act of 1919, Dangerous Drugs Act of 1930, and Pharmacy Act of 1967. The Drug Act of 1976 regulates the pharmaceutical industry and drug quality and safety.
National List of Essential Meidicne 2022 by DrugsInfoAkash Agnihotri
Dr Mansukh Mandaviya launches National Lists of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2022
384 Drugs included in NLEM 2022; 34 new drugs added
“Under Hon. PM’s vision of Sabko Dawai, Sasti Dawai NLEM another step towards affordable healthcare with reduced Out-of-Pocket-Expenditure (OOPE)”
It will further ensure efficacy, safety, quality, affordability and accessibility of medicines: Dr Mansukh Mandaviya
Similar to National List of Essential Medicines 2016 (20)
Detail study of pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing industries in nepalNiraj Bartaula
This document provides a summary of a final report on a detailed study of pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing industries in Nepal. The report was submitted to the Government of Nepal's Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Suppliers by Everest Consultancy. Key findings from the study include:
- There are over 100 registered pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in Nepal. The study conducted surveys and interviews with industry representatives to understand production levels, workforce, finances, imports/exports and challenges.
- The domestic production of medicines meets only about 30% of Nepal's total annual demand. The industry relies heavily on importing raw materials and finished drugs. Maintaining consistent supply of quality raw materials is a major challenge.
- Most companies have received GMP certification
This document outlines the curriculum for a Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) degree at Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine in Nepal. The goals are to produce qualified pharmacists who can work in various roles like community/hospital pharmacists, herbal drug developers, drug regulators, researchers, and pharmaceutical managers. The objectives are for graduates to demonstrate broad scientific knowledge and skills, apply knowledge professionally and ethically, and work collaboratively. Competencies include dispensing, counseling, communication, quality assurance, research, teaching, and working in retail pharmacies, hospitals, industry, and more. The 4-year program is taught in English with various courses covering topics in anatomy, biochemistry, chemistry, pharmacology and
Nepal pharmacy council question collectionNiraj Bartaula
The document appears to be a scanned copy of a legal contract for the sale of a residential property located at 123 Main Street. The contract details the purchase price of $250,000 with a closing date of June 15th. The buyer agrees to pay a $5,000 non-refundable deposit to be applied towards the purchase. Standard contingencies are included for inspections and financing approval.
WHO model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019Niraj Bartaula
WHO’s Essential Medicines List and List of Essential Diagnostics are core guidance documents that help countries prioritize critical health products that should be widely available and affordable throughout health systems.
The updated Essential Medicines List adds 28 medicines for adults and 23 for children and specifies new uses for 26 already-listed products, bringing the total to 460 products deemed essential for addressing key public health needs.
The document summarizes recommendations from the 18th International Conference of Drug Regulatory Authorities held in 2018. Key recommendations include:
1) Promoting regulatory collaboration, convergence, and harmonization across the entire product life cycle, including manufacturing, authorization, and pharmacovigilance.
2) Advocating for electronic certification of pharmaceutical products templates to streamline information sharing between authorities.
3) Supporting regulatory preparedness for public health emergencies through measures like conditional approvals and reliance on networks during emergencies.
औषधीजन्य मालसामान खरीद तथा आपूर्ति ब्याबस्थापन सहजीकरण पुस्तिका २०७४Niraj Bartaula
देशका सम्पुर्ण स्वास्थ्य संस्थाहरुमा प्रभावकारी किसिमले स्वास्थ्य सेवालाई आबश्यक पर्ने औषधि तथा सामाग्रीहरुको आपूर्ति प्रणालीको ब्यबस्थापन गर्न,खपत दर र मौज्दातको जानकारी लिन,आपूर्ति प्रयाप्त मात्रा मा भएको छ,छैन यकिन गर्न, आबश्यकता अनुरुप सामाग्री खरिद गर्न, योजना तर्जुमा गर्न, सामानको ढुवानी काॠ तालिकाको बिकास गर्नका लागि एक महत्वपूर्ण पुस्तिका
National antibiotic treatment guidelines 2014Niraj Bartaula
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Organogram of Ministry Of Health and Population !! Niraj Bartaula
This document discusses the website swasthyakhabar.com, mentioning the website name repeatedly throughout without providing any further details. The document does not have a clear topic or message beyond mentioning this one website.
विपन्न नागरिक औषधि उपचार कोष निर्देशिका २०७१Niraj Bartaula
This document outlines guidelines for a fund to provide financial assistance for medical treatment of serious illnesses to poor citizens in Nepal.
Key points:
- It establishes a fund under the Ministry of Health and Population to provide financial assistance for treatment of illnesses like cancer, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and others.
- A recommendation committee at the district level will evaluate applications and recommend beneficiaries.
- A central committee chaired by the Health Secretary will determine approved amounts and oversee disbursements from the fund.
- Assistance of up to 1 million NPR can be provided for treatments in Nepal or abroad. Priority is given to treatment in government hospitals where possible.
Near half Nepali drugs manufacturers operate illegally (with list)Niraj Bartaula
The document lists various pharmaceutical companies in Nepal and provides information on their WHO GMP (World Health Organization Good Manufacturing Practices) certification status. It notes certification dates for some companies, while others are listed as not certified, having applications pending, in the renewal process, or with expired validity that requires recertification. The status of WHO GMP certification is an important regulatory requirement for pharmaceutical manufacturers.
1. The national health policy guides the overall strategy and plans of the health sector. It needs to be revised according to the important social and political changes that have occurred in the country. The new health policy aims to transform constitutional health rights and responsibilities into reality in the federal structure and make health services more active and expanded.
2. Nepal has made notable achievements in health sector despite challenges like poverty, conflicts and political instability. Key health indicators like infant and child mortality rates have significantly improved over the decades due to efforts of successive health policies, plans and programs.
3. The new health policy aims to align health goals with sustainable development targets and implement the global principle that health is a human right through an integrated and people
The document outlines several bans imposed by the Government of Nepal on certain medicines:
1) In 2040, combinations of various medicines including analgesics, vitamins, and antibiotics were banned.
2) In 2043, oral rehydration salts not composed according to WHO formula were banned.
3) In 2047, combinations of numerous medicines including oxyphenbutazone, sulphaguanidine, and amphetamine were banned, with exceptions for veterinary and topical products.
4) In 2049, additional combinations were banned including codeine cough syrup over 60ml, combinations of antibiotics except for approved uses, and meprobamate.
5) In 2054, liquid sodium bicar
Dr.Govinda KC का समर्थक हरु लाइ म यति भन्न चाहन्छु एक पटक राम्ररी चिकित्सा शिक्षा बिधेयक पढियोस...के स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्र भनेको केवल डाक्टरहरु मात्र हुन ?? डा.के.सी अरु माँगहरु प्रति म पनि समर्थनमा गर्दाछु र धेरै पहिले देखी गर्दै आएको पनि छु तर चिकित्सा बिधेयक भनेर डाक्टरहरुलाइ मात्र ल्याउन लागिएकोमा बिरोध हो। स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्र भनेको केवल डाक्टरहरु मात्र हुन ?? नाम स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रको बेथिति र माफियातन्त्रको गर्ने अनि अरु क्षेत्रलाइ बेवास्ता गरेर अपहेलित गर्ने ??बाँदरले त आफ्नो धर नी बनाउदैन र अरुको नि बन्न दिदैन तर अरुको धर भत्काएर आफ्नै मात्र धर बनाउने लाइ के भन्ने ?? चिकित्सा बिधेयक भनेको स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्रमा लागु गरिने नियम मात्र होइन, त्यो नियम भित्र कस्ले कसरी आफ्नो भुमिका निर्वाह गर्ने भनि शक्ति बाँडफाँड पनि हो,अनि के सम्पुर्ण system balance नगरी एउटा क्षेत्रले आफुलाइ मात्र सोचेर कुन प्रजातान्त्रिक अभ्यास गरिएको ?? अरु क्षेत्रको आफ्नो प्रजातान्त्रिक अधिकार पनि नदेखेर हुन्छ ?
#Jay_Pharmacy
#IamWithPharmacy
Model questions for Graduate Pharmacy StudentNiraj Bartaula
This document contains 50 multiple choice questions related to pharmacology, pharmacy practice, and pharmaceutical calculations for a licensure examination for pharmacists in Nepal. The questions cover topics like pharmaceutical care, drug names and uses, dosage calculations, dispensing systems, biopharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, quality management, legislation, and good pharmacy practice.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
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TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
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Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
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Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
1. NATIONAL LIST OF
ESSENTIAL MEDICINES
NEPAL
(FIFTH REVISION)
2016
GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
DEPARTMENT OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
NATIONAL LIST OF
ESSENTIAL MEDICINES
NEPAL
(FIFTH REVISION)
2016
GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
DEPARTMENT OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
NATIONAL LIST OF
ESSENTIAL MEDICINES
NEPAL
(FIFTH REVISION)
2016
GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
DEPARTMENT OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
2. 1
Background
Essential medicines are those medicines that satisfy the priority health care needs of the
population. WHO published the first essential medicine list in 1977 and has been updating it
every two years since.
Nepal being a signatory of the Alma Ata declaration (1978) implemented the essential medicine
program with a first ever National List of Essential Medicines, NLEM in 1986.
Since then NLEM revised five times (1992, 1997, 2002, 2011 and 2016) with the support from
WHO Nepal.
Criteria of selection
The main criteria for selection of the medicines in the NLEM are public health relevance (harmonizing
with standard treatment schedule use in primary health care service), efficacy, safety, cost-effectiveness
and access.
Methodology/Process Algorithm
Meeting of Main committee (for technical guidance)
Draft committee working as a coordinating task force
Opinions taken from expert groups (therapeutic experts-clinicians and other stakeholders).
Wider consultation through organizing workshop with resource personnel, clinicians/expert,
draft committee, main committee comprising policy makers and programme managers and other
relevant stakeholders based on STG and Evidences
Draft preparation Closer consultation for minor details and edition
Finalization of draft NLEM.
Agenda of DAC for Recommendation
Approval by the ministry
Main committee (technical guidance)
Honorable Health Minister (MOH)
Secretary, Ministry of Health (MOH)
Chief, Policy, Planning and International Cooperation Division (MOH)
Chief, Public Health Administration, Monitoring and Evaluation Division (MOH)
Chief, Curative division (MOH)
Director, Department of Health Services (DoHS)
Director, Logistic Management Division (DoHS)
Director, Primary Health Care Revitalization Division (DoHS)
Director, National Tuberculosis Center (DoHS)
Director, National AIDs and STD Control Centre (DoHS)
Director, Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, (DoHS)
Director, Child Health Division (DoHS)
Director, National Medicine Laboratory (MOH)
Director, Leprosy Control Section (DoHS)
Director, Family Health Division (DoHS)
Director, Management Division (DoHS)
Director, Department of Ayurveda
Chairperson, Nepal Medical Council
WR/WHO
3. 2
Personnel Involved to coordinate and draft the List
Facilitator
Mr. Santosh K.C., Drug Administrator, DDA
Key resource person for overall guidance
Mr. Narayan Prasad Dhakal, Director General, DDA
NEML Draft committee
Mrs. Sangita Shah, Drug Administrator, LMD
Mr. Gorkha Bahadur DC, Pharmacy Officer, DDA
Mr. Rajesh Shrestha, Pharmacy Officer, DDA
Mr. Bhupendra Poudel, Pharmacy Officer, DDA
Mr. Kiran Bajracharya, Pharmacy Officer, DDA
Mr. Bibek Shrestha, Pharmacy Officer, DDA
Criteria for inclusion of a medicine in NLEM will be as follows:
Approved/licensed medicine in the country
Relevance for disease posing public health problem (morbidity)
Proven efficacy and safety profile based on valid scientific evidence (evidence-based)
Cost effective
Aligned with STG (the current treatment guidelines under public health program)
Stable under the storage conditions
Preference on relative safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness (in case there are more than one
alternative)
Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) with unequivocally proven advantage over Single (in terms of
increasing efficacy, reducing adverse effects and/or improving compliance)
Access, free drug, SHI
Criteria for deletion of a medicine from NLEM will be as follows:
Banned in Nepal
Reports of concerns on the safety profile of a medicine
If better efficacy or favorable safety profiles and better cost-effectiveness is available.
Irrelevant to public health disease burden
Antimicrobial resistance pattern (In case of antimicrobials, if the resistance pattern has rendered a
medicine ineffective in Nepalese and international context)
Medicine with abuse and misuse potential
There were 321 medicines listed in NLEM 2011. A total of 86 medicines have been added or deleted
from the NLEM 2011in the current list. A total of 62 medicines have been added and a total of 24
medicines have been deleted from the previous list. Among the 62 added medicines 56 were added to the
main list and 6 to the complementary list. The medicines added in the Antitubercular and Antiretroviral
groups are added to match with the National TB programme and HIV AIDS Control Program of
Government of Nepal. The new list of NLEM 2016 thus contains 359 medicines.
4. 3
Comparative Table for Addition and Deletion of Molecules in National List of Essential Medicines,
2016
S.No. Therapeutic Category Total
(NLEM
2011)
Deleted Added Total
(NLEM
2016)
M* C** M* C**
1 Anaesthetics 14 1 1 16
2 Medicines for Pain and Palliative Care 9 2 8***
3 Antihistaminics and Medicines Used in
Anaphylaxis
6
1 1 1 7
4 Antidotes and Other Substances Used in
Poisonings
13
1 12
5 Antiepileptics / Anticonvulsants 7 1 6
6.1 Anthelmintics 4 4
6.2 Antibacterials 45 1 3 1 48
6.3 Antifungal Medicines 3 3
6.4 Antiviral Medicines 17 1 9 25
6.5 Antiprotozoal Medicines 14 2 12
7 Antimigraine Medicines 3 1 2
8 Antineoplastic, Immunosuppressives 34 1 35
9 Antiparkinsonism Medicines 2 2
10 Medicines Affecting the Blood 9 1 10
11 Blood Products and Plasma Substitutes 4 4
12 Cardiovascular Medicines 25 3 12 34
13 Dermatological Medicines 13 2 1 3 13
14 Diagnostic Agents 5 5
15 Disinfectants and Antiseptics 8 2 6
16 Diuretics 5 1 4
17 Gastrointestinal Medicines 13 3 16
18 Hormones, Other Endocrine Medicines
and Contraceptives
26
1 2 27
19 Immunologicals 22 4 26
20 Muscle Relaxants (Peripherally Acting)
and Cholinerase Inhibitors
4
1 5
21 Ophthalmological, Ear, Nose and
Throat Preparations
22
6 1 29
22 Oxytocics and Antioxytocics 5 1 2 6
23 Peritoneal Dialysis Solution 1 1
24 Psychotherapeutic Medicines 15 1 2 16
25 Medicines Acting on the Respiratory
Tract
8
1
1
6
26 Solution Correcting Water, Electrolyte
and Acid Base Disturbances
8
8
5. 4
27 Vitamins and Minerals 8 2 3 9
28 Specific Medicines for Neonatal care 0 2 2
29 Medicines for Diseases of Joint 0 3***
M* = Main list
C** = Complimentary list
***allopurinol, colchicine and methotrexate shifted to new category 29
6. 5
Table showing addition, deletion and medicines whose dose have been changed or shifted to main or complimentary list
S.No. Group Name of Drug Dosage form
Li
st
Additio
n/Deleti
on
Mol
ecul
e
Dosage
form
Streng
th Reason
1 Anesthetics
Sevoflurane inhalation C Addition 1 1 1 Recovery is fast
Midazolam injection, 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml M Addition 1 1 2
Increased potency and
faster recovery
2
Medicines for
pain and
palliative care
Ibuprofen oral liquid, 200 mg/5ml M Addition 0 1 1 For Paedriatic patients
Aspirin tablet, 500 mg C Change 0 0 1
300 mg is Low
therapeutic dose for
analgesic and antipyretic
action
Codeine
phosphate tablet, 30 mg M Addition 1 1 1
Good for severe pain and
post operative pain
Paracetamol oral drop 100 mg/ml M Change 0 1 1 For Paedriatic patients
Fentanyl injection, 50mcg/ml M Addition 1 1 1
50 to 100 times stronger
analgesic than morphine
3
Antihistaminics
and Medicine
used in
Anaphylaxis
Cetrizine tablet 10 mg
M Addition 1 1 1
Common Cost effective
drug
Chlopheniramin
e maleate
tablet 4 mg
M Deletion 1 1 1 Problem with availability
Fexofenadine oral liquid 30mg/5ml
C Addition 1 1 1
Effective for Paedriatic
patients
4
Antidotes and
Other
Substances Used
in Poisonings Ethyl alcohol injection M Deletion 1 1 1 Problem with availability
7. 6
5
Antiepileptics /
Anticonvulsants
Carbamazepine
tablet, 400 mg, oral liquid 100
mg/5ml M Addition 0 1 2
To address Paedriatic
patients
Valporic acid oral liquid 200 mg/5 ml M Addition 0 1 1
To address Paedriatic
patients
Paraldehyde injection, 500 mg/ml C Deletion 1 1 1 Problem with availability
Phenobarbital
tablet 60 mg, injection, 200
mg/ml M Addition 0 2 2
To address Paedriatic
patients
6.1 Anthelmintics
Niclosamide tablet, 500 mg M Shift 0 0 0
6.2 Antibacterials
Amoxicillin
dt 250 mg, powder for oral
liquid M Addition 0 2 2
To address Paedriatic
patients
Cephalexin
capsule 250mg, dry syrup
125/250/5 ml M Addition 1 2 3
To increase microbial
coverage
Vancomycin
500 mg, dry powder for
injection C Addition 1 1 1
First line treatment for
complicated infections
Linezolid tablet, 300 mg M Addition 1 1 1
To address National TB
Programme
Streptomycin inj. 75 g M Deletion 0 1 1 Problem with availability
8. 7
Isoniazid +
rifampicin +
pyrazinamide tablet, injection M Change 0 0 1
To address National TB
Programme
Isoniazid +
rifampicin tablet, injection M Change 0 0 1
To address National TB
Programme
Bedaquiline tablet, 100 mg M Addition 1 1 1
To address National TB
Programme
Pyrazinamide sachet M Change 0 0 1
To address National TB
Programme
Isoniazid +
rifampicin+
pyrizinamide tablet 30+60+150 M Deletion 1 1 1
Not in WHO model list of
essential drugs
6.3
Antifungal
Medicines
Clotrimazole mouth paint 1% w/v M Addition 0 1 1
For the treatment of oral
infections
Nystatin
oral liquid 50 mg/5ml, 100000
iu/ml, mouth paint M Addition 0 2 2
For the treatment of oral
infections
6.4
Antiviral
Medicines
Oseltamivir
tablet, 30,45,75 mg, oral
powder 6mg/ml M Addition 1 2 4
To address the national
programme
Acyclovir tablet, 400/800 mg M Addition 0 0 2 Low therapeutic dosage
Didanosine capsule 250/400 mg M Deletion 1 1 2 Phased out
9. 8
Nevirapine capsule 50 mg M Addition 0 1 1
To address National
Programme
Ritonavir tablet 100 mg M Addition 1 1 1
To address National
Programme
Abacavir/lamiv
udine tablet 60/30 mg M Addition 1 1 1
To address National
Programme
Emtricitabine/t
enofovir tablet, 200/300 mg M Addition 1 1 1
To address National
Programme
Lopinavir/riton
avir tablet, 100/25 mg M Addition 1 1 1
To address National
Programme
Zidovudine/lam
ivudine tablet, 60/30 mg M Addition 1 1 1
To address National
Programme
Zidovudine/lam
ivudine/nevirap
ine tablet, 60/30/50 M Addition 1 1 1
To address National
Programme
Entecavir
tablet, 0.5, 1 mg M Addition 1 1 2
To increase antiviral
coverage
Sofosbuvir
tablet, 400mg M Addition 1 1 1
To increase antiviral
coverage
6.5
Antiprotozoal
Medicines
Diloxanide
tablet, 500 mg M Deletion 1 1 1 Problem with availability
Paromomycin
injection, 750 mg M Deletion 1 1 1 Problem with availability
7
Antimigraine
Medicines
Ergometrine
tablet 1 mg M Deletion 1 1 1 Not preferred drugs
8
Antineoplastic,
Immunosuppress
ives
Etoposide
tablet, 100 mg M Addition 0 1 1 Oral form addition
Methotrexate
tablet, 5,10 mg M Addition 0 0 2 Dosage form addition
Procarbazine
tablet, 50 mg M Addition 1 1 1 Increase coverage
10. 9
Bleomycin
powder for injection, 15 mg M Shift 0 0 0
10
Medicines
Affecting the
Blood
Enoxaparin
injection 30,60,80 mg M Addition 1 1 3
INR monitoring not
needed as heparin
12
Cardiovascular
Medicines
Atenolol
tablet, 50 mg, 100 M Deletion 1 1 2
Other safer alternative
available
Aspirin
tablet 150, 300 mg M Addition 0 1 2
Addition of approved
doses
Metoprolol
tablet, 12.5/25/50 mg M Addition 1 1 3 Safter than atenolol
Metoprolol
12.5/25/50 mg M Addition 1 1 3 Safter than atenolol
Atenolol
tablet 25,50,100 mg M Deletion 1 1 3
Not preferred choice of
drug
Amiodarone
tablet 100 mg, injection
50mg/ml M Addition 1 2 2 Preferred choice
Hydralazine
injection, 20 mg M Addition 1 1 1
For hypertensive
emergencies
Amlodipine
tablet, 2 .5, 5 mg M Addition 1 1 2
Common Cost effective
drug
Losartan
tablet, 25, 50 mg M Addition 1 1 2
Common Cost effective
drug
Atenolol
tablet 25 mg M Addition 0 0 1
Common Cost effective
drug
11. 10
Labetalol
injection, 5 mg/ml M Addition 1 1 1
For hypertensive
emergencies in
pregnancies
Enalapril
tablet, 5,10,20 mg M Deletion 1 1 3 Replaced with ramipril
Ramipril
tablet, 2.5, 5 mg M Addition 1 1 2 Replaced for enalapril
Frusemide
tablet, 20/40 mg, injection
10mg/ml M Addition 1 2 3 Preferred choice
Spirolactone
tablet 25 mg M Addition 1 1 1 Preferred choice
Clopidogrel
tablet, 75 mg M Addition 1 1 1
Common Cost effective
drug
Fenofibirate
tablet 80, 160 mg M Addition 1 1 2
Common Cost effective
drug
13
Dermatological
Medicines
Selenium
sulfide suspension 2% C Deletion 1 1 1
Frequently causes
irritations
Fluconazole
capsule, 150 mg M Addition 1 1 1
Common Cost effective
drug
Mupirocin
cream/oint 2% M Addition 1 1 1
Increase coverage due to
broad spectrum coverage
Salisylic acid
cream 10,20,40% M Addition 1 1 3
Common Cost effective
drug
Coal tar
solution 5% M Deletion 1 1 1
Not preferred choice of
drug
15
Disinfectants
and Antiseptics
Lindane lotion 1% M Deletion 1 1 1 Phased out
Permethrin 5 % lotion M Shift 0 0 0
Povidine iodine
solution 10% M Addition 0 0 1
Common Cost effective
drug
12. 11
Formaldehyde
solution 3% M Deletion 1 1 1 Phased out
Cetrimide
solution 20% M Deletion 1 1 1
Not preferred choice of
drug
16 Diuretics Triamterene
tablet, 50 mg M Deletion 1 1 1
Not preferred choice of
drug
17
Gastrointestinal
Medicines
Granisetron
tablet, 1, 2 mg M Addition 1 1 2
Antiemetics for cancer
patients
Isobgol husk
oral powder M Addition 1 1 1 Common laxatives
Drotaverine
hydrochloride
tablet 40/80 mg C Addition 1 1 2
Common Cost effective
drug
18
Hormones, Other
Endocrine
Medicines and
Contraceptives
Ethinylestradiol
+levonorgestrel
20/1000 mcg* M Addition 0 0 1 Low therapeutic dosage
Silicon ring
pessaries M Addition 1 1 1 Preferred choice
Gibenclamide
tablet, 2.5, 5 mg M Deletion 1 1 2
Not preferred choice of
drug
Glicazide
tablet, 40, 80 mg M Addition 1 1 2
Common Cost effective
drug
Metformin
tablet 850 mg M Addition 0 0 1 Increase the range
Levothyroxine
tablet, 25,50,75 mcg M Addition 0 0 3 Increase the range
19 Immunologicals
Diphtheria
antitoxin M Addition 1 1 1
Request from health
services
13. 12
Rotavirus
M Addition 1 1 1
Request from health
services
Pneumococcal
M Addition 1 1 1
Request from health
services
Hpv M Addition 1 1 1
To cover the national
programme
20
Muscle
Relaxants
(Peripherally
Acting) and
Cholinerase
Inhibitors Atracurium
powder for injection,
25,50,100 mg C Addition 1 1 3 To increase the range
21
Ophthalmologica
l, Ear, Nose and
Throat
Preparations
Fluconazole eye drop, 0.3 % M Addition 1 1 1 To cover antifungal range
Propacaine eye drop, 0.5 % M Addition 1 1 1 Not in Formal list
Clotrimazole ear drops 1%
M Addition 1 1 1 To cover antifungal range
Ofloxacin eye drop 0.3 %
C Addition 1 1 1
To incease antibacterial
range
Ciprofloxacin drop 0.3%
M Addition 1 1 1
To increase antibacterial
range
Betamethasone ear drops 0.5 %
M Addition 1 1 1 Common choice
Benzocaine solution 20%
M Addition 1 1 1
Local anesthetics for
Dental not in formal list
22
Oxytocics and
Antioxytocics
Isoxsuprine
hydrochloride
injection 5mg/ml
M Deletion 1 1 1
Safer alternative
available
Nefedipine capsule 10 mg
M Addition 1 1 1 Safer in pregnancy
14. 13
Terbutaline injection, 0.5 mg/ml
M Addition 1 1 1 Common choice
24
Psychotherapeuti
c Medicines
Chlorpromazine injection, 25mg/ml
M Deletion 1 1 Not easily available
Olanzapine tablet, 2.5,5,10 mg
M Addition 1 1 1 Relatively safer
Alprazolam tablet 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg
M Deletion 1 1 3
Safer alternative
available
Lorazepam tablet, 1,2 mg
M Addition 1 1 2
Longer duration of action
than Diazepam
25
Medicines
Acting on the
Respiratory
Tract
Chromoglicic
acid inhalation, 5 mg, 20 mg M Deletion 1 1 2 Not common
Theophylline tablet, 300 mg C Deletion 1 1 1
Safer alternative
available
Sodiumbicarbo
nate injection, 7.5% solution M Change 0 0 0
27
Vitamins and
Minerals
Ascorbic acid tablet, 500 mg M Change 0 0 0
Vitamin B
complex M Deletion 1 1 1 Not essential
Thiamine tablet, 100 mg M Addition 1 1 1 Single vitamin
Cynocobalamin injection, 30 mcg/ml M Addition 1 1 1 Single vitamin
Retinol + DL-
alpha-
tocopherol
retinol (as palmitate)+dl-alpha-
tocopherol or tocopheryl
acetate, soft gel capsule, 200
000 iu+ 40 iu, 100 000 iu+ 20
iu, 50 000 iu+ 20 iu M Deletion 1 1 1
Vitamin E not in
therapeutic dose
15. 14
Calcium tablet 500 mg M Addition 1 1 1 Single mineral
Caffine citrate injection, 20 mg/ml M Addition 1 1 1 For Paedriatic patients
28
Specific
Medicines for
Neonatal care
Chlorohexidine solution/ gel 7.1 % M Addition 1 1 1 For Paedriatic patients
Allopurinol 300 mg Addition 0 0 1 Increase the range
29
Medicines for
Diseases of Joint
total 86 106 158
16. National List of Essential Medicines, 2016
Main List Complementary List Dosage Form
1. Anaesthetics
1.1 General Anaesthetics and Oxygen
Halothane inhalation
Isoflurane inhalation
Ketamine injection, 50 mg/ml (as hydrochloride) in 10-ml
vial
Nitrous oxide inhalation
Oxygen inhalation (medicinal gas)
Thiopental powder for injection, 0.5g, 1.0g (sodium salt) in
ampoule
Propofol injection, 10mg/ml in 20-ml ampoule
Sevoflurane inhalation
1.2 Local Anaesthetics
Bupivacaine injection, 0.25%, 0.5% (hydrochloride) in vial
Lidocaine (lignocaine) injection, 1%, 2% (hydrochloride) in vial;
injection for spinal anaesthesia, 5%
(hydrochloride) in 2-ml ampoule to be mixed
with 7.5% glucose solution
Lidocaine (lignocaine) + epinephrine (adrenaline) injection, lignocaine 2% (hydrochloride) +
epinephrine 1:200 000, in vial
Ephedrine* injection, 30 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in 1-ml
ampoule
*For use in spinal anaesthesia during delivery, to prevent hypotension
1.3 Preoperative Medication and Sedation for Short-term Procedures
Atropine injection, 1 mg (sulfate) in 1-ml ampoule
Diazepam injection, 5mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule
Midazolam injection, 1mg/ml, 5mg/ml with/out preservative
Morphine injection, 10 mg (sulfate or hydrochloride) in 1-
ml ampoule
17. 2 Medicines for Pain and Palliative Care
2.1. Non-opioid Analgesics & NSAIMs
Ibuprofen tablet, 200 mg, 400 mg, Oral liquid, 100 mg/5ml
Paracetamol tablet, 500mg; injection, 150 mg/ml in 2-ml
ampoule, 10 mg/ml in 100 ml bottle; suspension,
125 mg/5ml
Aspirin tablet, 500 mg
Diclofenac Sodium tablet, 50 mg, injection 25 mg/ml
2.2. Opioid Analgesics
Codeine tablet, 30 mg (as phosphate)
Fentanyl injection, 50mcg/ml
Morphine injection, 10 mg (sulfate or hydrochloride) in 1-
ml ampoule; tablet, 10 mg; prolonged release
tablet, 10 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg (sulfate); oral liquid
10 mg/5ml (sulfate)
Pethidine injection, 50 mg (hydrochloride) in 1-ml
ampoule
3 Antihistaminics and Medicines Used in Anaphylaxis
Cetirizine tablet 10 mg,
Dexamethasone injection, 4 mg dexamethasone phosphate (as
disodium salt) in 1-ml ampoule
Epinephrine (adrenaline) injection, 1mg (as hydrochloride or acid tartrate)
in 1-ml ampoule
Hydrocortisone powder for injection, 100 mg (as sodium
succinate) in vial
Pheniramine tablet, 25, 50 mg, injection, 22.75 mg (maleate)
/ml
Prednisolone tablet, 5mg
Fexofenadine oral Solution, 30mg/5 ml
4 Antidotes and Other Substances Used in Poisonings
4.1 Non-Specific
Charcoal, activated powder; oral liquid (sorbitol-base slurry)
4.2 Specific
Atropine injection, 1 mg (sulfate) in ampoule; powder for
18. injection 50 mg (sulfate) in vial
Dimercaprol injection in oil, 50 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule
Naloxone injection, 400 mcg (hydrochloride) in 1-ml
ampoule
Pralidoxime injection, 500 mg or 1 g (mesilate, chloride or
iodide) in ampoule
Acetylcysteine injection, 200 mg/ml in 10-ml ampoule
Calcium gluconate injection, 100 mg/ml in 10-ml ampoule
Deferoxamine powder for injection, 500 mg (mesilate) in vial
Methylthioninium chloride
(Methylene blue)
injection, 10 mg/ml in 10-ml ampoule
Potassium ferric hexacyano-
ferrate (II).2H2O (Prussian
blue)
powder for oral administration
Sodium calcium edetate injection, 200 mg/ml in 5 ml ampoule
Sodium nitrite injection, 30 mg/ml in 10-ml ampoule
5. Antiepileptics / Anticonvulsants
Carbamazepine tablet, 100, 200 mg, 400 mg, Oral liquid
100mg/5ml
Diazepam injection, 5mg/ml in 2- ml ampoule (intravenous
or rectal)
Magnesium sulfate* injection, 500 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule.
* For use in eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia and not for other convulsant disorders.
Phenobarbital tablet, 15 mg, 30 mg, injection 200mg/ml
Phenytoin capsule or tablet, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg (sodium
salt); injection, 50 mg /ml (sodium salt) in 5-ml
vial
Valproic acid tablet (enteric coated), 200 mg (sodium salt),
Oral liquid 200mg/5ml
6 Anti-infective Medicines
6.1 Anthelmintics
6.1.1 Intestinal Anthelmintics
Albendazole tablet (chewable), 400 mg
Niclosamide tablet (chewable), 500 mg
19. Praziquantel tablet, 150 mg, 600 mg
6.1.2 Antifilarials
Diethylcarbamazine tablet, 50 mg, 100 mg (dihydrogen citrate)
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 Beta-lactam medicines
Amoxicillin capsule or tablet, 250 mg, 500 mg (as trihydrate);
dispersible tablet 125 mg (as trihydrate), powder
for oral liquid, 125 mg/1ml
Ampicillin powder for injection, 500 mg (sodium salt)
Benzathine benzylpenicillin powder for injection, 600 000 IU, 1200 000 IU,
2400 000 IU in vial
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) powder for injection, 300 mg (0.5 million IU),
600 mg (1 million IU) (as sodium or potassium
salt) in vial
Cephalexin Capsule 250 mg (as monohydrate), Oral liquid
125/5 ml, 250/5 ml (anhydrous)
Cefixime tablet, 200,400* mg
*only listed for single-dose treatment of uncomplicated ano-genital gonorrhoea
Cloxacillin capsule, 250 mg, 500 mg; powder for oral liquid,
125 mg / 5ml; powder for injection, 500 mg (as
sodium salt) in vial
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin V) tablet, 250 mg (as potassium salt); powder for
oral liquid, 250 mg/5 ml (as potassium salt)
Procaine benzylpenicillin powder for injection, 300,000 IU in vial
Cefazolin* powder for injection, 1g (as sodium salt) in vial
*For surgical prophylaxis
Ceftriaxone powder for injection, 250 mg (as sodium salt) in
vial
6.2.2 Other Antibacterials
Azithromycin capsule or tablet 250 mg, 500 mg; oral liquid,
200 mg /5ml.
Chloramphenicol capsule, 250 mg, 500 mg; oral liquid, 125 mg /
5ml (as palmitate); powder for injection, 1g (as
sodium succinate) in vial
23. Miltefosine capsule, 50 mg
Amphotericin B powder for injection, 50 mg in vial (as
deoxycholate or liposomal)
Sodium stibogluconate injection, 100mg/ml
6.5.3 Antimalarial Medicines
Artemether* oily injection, 80 mg/ml in 1-ml ampoule.
* For use in the management of severe malaria.
Artemether+lumefantrine* tablet, 20 mg+ 120 mg
* Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg.
Artesunate injection, ampoules, containing 60 mg anhydrous
artesunic acid with a separate ampoule of 5%
sodium bicarbonate solution; tablet 50 mg
(To be used in combination with Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine.)
Chloroquine tablet, 150 mg base (as phosphate or sulfate);
oral liquid, 50 mg / 5ml (as phosphate or sulfate);
injection, 40mg /ml in 5- ml ampoule (as
phosphate, sulfate or hydrochloride)
Primaquine tablet, 7.5 mg, 15 mg (as diphosphate)
Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine tablet, 500 mg + 25 mg
(To be used only in combination with Artesunate.)
Quinine tablet, 300 mg (as bisulfate or sulfate); injection,
300 mg (as dihydrochloride)/ ml in 2-ml
ampoule.
7 Antimigraine Medicines
7.1 For Treatment of Acute Attack
Paracetamol tablet, 500 mg
7.2 For Prophylaxis
Propranolol tablet 20 mg, 40 mg (hydrochloride)
8 Antineoplastic, Immunosuppressives and Medicines Used in Palliative Care
8.1 Immunosuppressive Medicines
Cyclosporin capsule 25 mg
8.2 Cytotoxic Medicines
Calcium folinate (Calcium leucovorin) tablet, 15 mg
Chlorambucil tablet, 2 mg, 5 mg
24. Cisplatin powder for injection, 10 mg, 50 mg in vial.
Cyclophosphamide tablet, 25 mg; powder for injection, 200 mg, 500
mg, 1 g in vial
Cytarabine injection 100 mg, 500 mg in vial
Dacarbazine powder for injection, 100 mg in vial
Dactinomycin powder for injection, 500 mcg in vial
Daunorubicin powder for injection 20 mg (as hydrochloride) in
vial
Doxorubicin powder for injection, 10 mg, 50 mg in vial
Epirubicin injection, 10 mg, 50 mg (hydrochloride) in vial
Etoposide tablet, 100 mg, injection 20 mg/ml in 5-ml
ampoule
Fluorouracil injection 50 mg/ml in 5-ml, 10-ml ampoule
Hydroxy urea capsule 500 mg
Ifosfamide + Mesna injection, 1g + 200 mg, in vial
Lomustine capsule, 40 mg
Melphalan tablet, 2 mg, 5 mg; powder for injection, 50mg in
vial
Mercaptopurine tablet, 50 mg
Methotrexate tablet, 2.5/5/10 mg (as sodium salt); powder for
injection 15 mg, 50 mg (as sodium salt) in vial
Mitomycin powder for injection, 2mg, 10mg, 20mg in vial
Mitoxantrone injection, 2 mg/ml in 10ml ampoule
Procarbazine capsule 50 mg (as hydrochloride)
Vinblastine powder for injection 10 mg (sulfate) in vial
Vincristine powder for injection, 1 mg (sulfate) in vial
Bleomycin powder for injection, 15mg (as sulfate) in vial
Carboplatin injection 150 mg, 450 mg in vial
8.3 Hormones and Antihormones
Hydrocortisone powder for injection, 100 mg (as sodium
succinate) in vial
Tamoxifen tablet, 20 mg (as citrate)
Bicalitumide tablet or capsule 50 mg
Dexamethasone Dexamethasone phosphate 4 mg /ml (as sodium
25. salt) in 2-ml ampoule
Prednisolone tablet, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg
8.4 Miscellaneous
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GCSF) injection, 30 million unit in vial
Interferon injection, 5 million units/ml in vial
L-Asparaginase injection, 5 000 IU, 10 000 IU in vial
Ondansetron injection, 2 mg/ml (as hydrochloride) in 2-ml, 4-
ml vial; tablet 2mg, 4mg (as hydrochloride)
9 Antiparkinsonism Medicines
Levodopa + Carbidopa tablet, 100 mg + 10 mg, 250 mg + 25 mg
Trihexyphenidyl (benzhexol) tablet, 2 mg (hydrochloride)
10 Medicines Affecting the Blood
10.1 Antianaemia Medicines
Ferrous sulfate* tablet, equivalent to 60 mg iron; oral liquid,
equivalent to 25 mg iron/ ml
Ferrous sulfate*+Folic acid tablet, equivalent to 60 mg Iron+ 400 mcg Folic
acid, oral drop.
*Ferrous fumarate may be used
Folic acid tablet, 5mg
Iron Dextran injection, equivalent to 50 mg iron/ml in 2-ml
ampoule
10.2 Medicines Affecting Coagulation
Enoxaparin injection 30mg/0.3ml, 60mg/0.6ml, 80mg/0.8ml
Heparin sodium injection, 1000 IU/ml, 5000 IU/ml,20000IU/ml
in 1-ml ampoule
Phytomenadione injection, 10mg /ml in 5-ml ampoule; tablet 10
mg
Protamine sulfate injection, 10mg/ml in 5-ml ampoule
Warfarin tablet, 1 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg (sodium salt)
Acenocoumarol tablet, 1mg
11 Blood Products and Plasma Substitutes
11.1 Plasma Substitutes
Albumin, human injectable solution, 20 or 25%
Polygeline injectable solution, 3.5%
26. 11.2 Plasma Fractions For Specific Use
Factor VIII Concentrate dried concentrate
Factor IX complex dried concentrate
12 Cardiovascular Medicines
12.1 Antianginal Medicines
Glyceryl trinitrate tablet (sublingual), 500 mcg
Isosorbide dinitrate tablet (sublingual), 5 mg, 10 mg
Metoprolol tablet, 12.5,25,50 mg
Verapamil tablet, 40 mg, 80 mg (hydrochloride); injection,
2.5 mg / ml in 2-ml ampoule
12.2 Antiarrhythmic Medicines
Amiodarone tablet 100 mg, injection 50mg/ml
Digoxin tablet, 62.5 mcg, 250 mcg; oral liquid, 50 mcg /
ml; injection, 250 mcg / ml in 2-ml ampoule
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) 100 mcg/ml (as acid tartrate or hydrochloride) in
10 ml ampoule
Isoprenaline injection, 1 mg (hydrochloride)/ml in vial
Lidocaine (Lignocaine preservative free) injection 2 % (hydrochloride) in vial
Metoprolol tablet, 12.5,25,50 mg
Disopyramide capsule, 100 mg, 150 mg
Procainamide tablet, 250 mg (hydro- chloride); injection, 100
mg /ml in 10-ml ampoule
12.3 Antihypertensive Medicines
Amlodipine tablet 2.5, 5 mg
Atenolol tablet 25, 50,100 mg
Enalapril tablet, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg
Hydralazine injection 20 mg
Hydrochlorothiazide tablet, 25 mg, 50 mg
Labetalol injection 5 mg/ml 20 ml
Losartan tablet, 25, 50mg
Methyldopa* tablet, 250 mg
* Listed for the use in the management of pregnanacy induced hypertention only
Nifedipine sustained release tablet, 10 mg, 20 mg
Prazosin sustained release tablet 500 mcg, 1mg (mesilate)
27. Sodium nitroprusside powder for infusion, 50 mg in ampoule
12.4 Medicines Used in Heart Failure
Digoxin tablet, 62.5 mcg, 250 mcg; oral liquid, 50 mcg /
ml; injection, 250 mcg / ml in 2-ml ampoule
Furosemide injection, 10 mg/ml in 2ml ampoule. tablet, 20,
40 mg
Ramipril tablet 2.5, 5 mg
Spironolactone tablet, 25 mg
Dobutamine injection, 12.5 mg/ml (as hydrochloride) in 20-
ml ampoule
Dopamine injection 40mg/ml (hydrochloride) in 5- ml vial
12.5 Antithrombotic Medicines
Aspirin tablet, 50mg, 75 mg, 100mg
Clopidogrel tablet 75 mg
Streptokinase injection 750000 IU, 1500 000 IU in vial
12.6 Lipid Lowering Agent
Atorvastatin tablet, 10 mg, 20 mg (as calcium trihydrate)
Fenofibirate tablet, 80, 160 mg
13 Dermatological Medicines
13.1 Antifungal Medicines
Benzoic acid + Salicylic acid ointment or cream, 6% + 3%
Clotrimazole cream, 1%
Fluconazole capsule 150 mg
13.2 Anti-infective Medicines
Mupirocin 2 % cream/ont
Povidone iodine solution, 5%
Silver sulfadiazine cream, 0.2%
Gentian violet
(Methylrosanilinium
chloride) aqueous solution 1%
13.3 Anti-inflammatory and Antipruritic Medicines
Betamethasone ointment or cream, 0.1% (as valerate)
Calamine lotion lotion, 15%
Hydrocortisone ointment or cream, 1% (acetate)
28. 13.4 Medicines Affecting Skin Differentiation and Proliferation
Benzoyl peroxide cream or lotion, 5%
Salicylic acid cream10, 20, 40%
13.5 Scabicides and Pediculicides
Permethrin lotion 1%, cream 5%
14 Diagnostic Agents
14.1 Ophthalmic Medicines
Fluorescein eye drops, 1%, 2% (sodium salt); injection, 10%,
20% (sodium salt) in 5-ml ampoule
14.2 Radiocontrast Media
Amidotrizoate injection, 140-420 mg iodine/ml (as sodium or
meglumine salt) in 20, 50 ml ampoule
Barium sulfate 100-250% w/v in aqueous suspension
Iohexol injection, 140-350 mg iodine/ml in 10/20 ml
ampoule
Meglumine iotroxate solution, 5-8 g iodine in 100-250 ml
15 Disinfectants and Antiseptics
15.1 Antiseptics
Chlorhexidine solution, 5% (digluconate) for dilution, solution*
or ointment, 4 %
*Only for umbilical cord stump care
Gentian violet (Methylrosanilinium chloride) aqueous solution, 1%
(Powder may be supplied for preparation of solution at the health facility)
Povidone iodine solution, 5%, 10 % w/v
Rectified spirit liquid (90 % v/v)
15.2 Disinfectants
Chlorine based compound powder, (0.1% available chlorine) for solution
Glutaraldehyde solution, 2%
16 Diuretics
Furosemide tablet, 40 mg; injection, 10 mg/ml in 2-ml
ampoule
Hydrochlorothiazide tablet, 25mg, 50 mg
Mannitol injectable solution, 10%, 20%
29. Spironolactone tablet, 25 mg, 100 mg
17 Gastrointestinal Medicines
17.1 Antacids and Other Anti-ulcer Medicines
Dried aluminium hydroxide gel + Magnesium
hydroxide*
tablet, 250 mg + 250 mg
(*Tablet containing Magnesium trisilicate 500 mg may be used.)
Ranitidine tablet, 150 mg, 300 mg (as hydrochloride);
injection 25 mg/ml in 2-ml ampoule
Omeprazole capsule, 20 mg
17.2 Antiemetic Medicines
Granisetron tablet 1, 2 mg
Metoclopramide tablet, 10 mg (hydrochloride); injection, 5 mg
(hydrochloride)/ml in 2-ml ampoule
Promethazine tablet, 25 mg (theoclate); oral liquid, 5 mg
(hydrochloride)/ 5ml;injection, 25 mg
(hydrochloride) / ml in 2-ml ampoule
17.3 Anti-inflammatory Medicines
Sulfasalazine tablet, 500 mg
17.4 Laxatives
Lactulose solution, 3.35 mg / 5ml
Magnesium sulfate powder, 500 g
Bisacodyl tablet, 10 mg
Ispaghula husk oral powder
17.5 Medicines Used in Diarrhoea
17.5.1 Oral Rehydration
Oral rehydration salts* sachet containing: Dextrose, anhydrous 13.5 g,
Sodium chloride 2.6 g, Potassium chloride 1.5 g,
Trisodium citrate dihydrate 2.9g, appropriate
flavour q.s. Dissolved to produce 1 litre,
provides dextrose 75mEq, sodium 75 mEq or
mmol/l, chloride 65 mEq or mmol/l, potasium 20
mEq or mmol/l, citrate 10 mmol/l and osmolarity
245 mOsm/l
* In case of cholera a higher concentration of sodium may be required.
30. 17.5.2 Medicine for Diarrhoea in Children
Zinc sulfate* dispersible tablet, equivalent to Zinc 10 mg, 20
mg (scored)
* In acute diarrhoea, zinc sulfate should be used as an adjunct to oral rehydration salts
Zinc sulfate oral solution, 10 mg/5ml in 50- ml bottle
17.6 Antispasmodic Medicines
Hyoscine butylbromide tablet, 10 mg, 20 mg; injection, 20 mg/ml in 1-ml
ampoule
Drotaverine hydrochloride tablet 40/80 mg
18 Hormones, Other Endocrine Medicines and Contraceptives
18.1 Adrenal Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes
Dexamethasone tablet, 500 mcg; injection, 4 mg/ml
dexamethasone phosphate (as sodium phosphate)
in 1-ml ampoule
Hydrocortisone powder for injection, 100 mg (as sodium
succinate) in vial; tablet, 10 mg, 20 mg
Prednisolone tablet, 5 mg, 10 mg
Fludrocortisone tablet, 100 mcg (acetate)
18.2 Androgens
Testosterone injection, 200 mg in 1-ml ampoule
18.3 Contraceptives
18.3.1 Oral Harmonal Contraceptives
Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel tablet, 30 mcg +150 mcg, 20 mcg +1.0 mg.
Ethinylestradiol + Norethisterone tablet, 35 mcg + 1.0 mg,
Levonorgestrel tablet, 750 mcg (pack of two), 1.5 mg)
18.3.2 Injectable Hormonal Contraceptive
Medroxyprogesterone acetate depot injection, 150 mg / ml in 1-ml vial
18.3.3 Intrauterine Devices
Copper-containing devices
31. 18.3.4 Barrier Methods
Condoms
18.3.5 Implantable Contraceptives
Hormoal intrauterine device – multiple advantages
Intrauterine device with progestogen
Levonorgestrel-releasing implant two-rod levonorgestrel-releasing implant, each
rod containing 75 mg of levonorgestrel (150 mg
total)
18.3.6 Miscellaneous
Ring pessary
Silicon ring pessary
18.4 Estrogens
Ethinylestradiol tablet, 50 mcg
18.5 Insulins and Other Antidiabetic Agents
Gliclazide tablet 40,80 mg
Insulin (soluble injection, 40 IU / ml in 10- ml vial
Intermediate acting insulin injection, 40 IU / ml in 10- ml vial (as compound
insulin zinc suspension or isophane insulin)
Metformin tablet, 500 mg (hydrochloride), 850 mg
Glipizide tablet, 2.5 mg, 5 mg
18.6 Ovulation Inducers
Clomifene tablet, 50 mg (citrate)
18.7 Progestogens
Norethisterone tablet, 5 mg
Medroxyprogesterone acetate tablet, 5 mg
18.8 Thyroid Hormones and Antithyroid Medicines
Carbimazole tablet, 5 mg
Levothyroxine tablet,25, 50,75,100 mcg (sodium salt)
Lugol's Iodine oral solution (Iodine 5%+Potassium iodide 10%)
18.9 Posterior Pituitary Hormone
Desmopressin injection, 4 mcg/ml; nasal spray 10 mcg /
metered spray
32. 19 Immunologicals
19.1 Diagnostic Agents
Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD) injection
19.2 Sera and Immunoglobulins
Anti-D immunoglobulin (human) injection, 250 mcg in single dose vial
Antirabies hyperimmune serum injection, 1000 IU in 5-ml ampoule
Polyvenum antisnake serum injection in vial
Tetanus antitoxin injection, 1 000 IU/ml, 3000 IU/ml in vial
Tetanus immunoglobulin (human) injection, 500 IU in vial
19.3 Vaccines
19.3.1 For Universal Immunization
BCG vaccine
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B vaccine
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B,
Haemophilus influenzae type b
vaccine
Measles vaccine (live attenuated)
Poliomyelitis (oral) vaccine
Tetanus toxoid vaccine
19.3.2 For Specific Groups of Individuals
Diphtheria Antitoxin vaccine
Hepatitis A vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine
Human papiloma vaccine (HPV) vaccine
Influenza vaccine
Japanese Encephalitis SA 14-14-2 strain live attenuated vaccine
Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
Mumps vaccine
Rubella vaccine
Typhoid vaccine
Yellow fever vaccine vaccine
Rabies vaccine, freeze-dried vaccine
20 Muscle Relaxants (Peripherally Acting) and Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Neostigmine tablet, 15 mg (bromide); injection 500 mcg, 2.5
mg (metilsulfate) in 5-ml ampoule