The document provides information about Lohasava, including its ingredients, method of preparation, indications, individual drug properties, and therapeutic effects. It discusses Lohasava as described in several Ayurvedic texts such as Sharangadhara, Bharata Bhaishajya Ratnakara, and Rasakamadhenu. The key points are that Lohasava is an herbo-mineral fermented preparation used to treat conditions like anemia, obesity, jaundice, and asthma due to its hematinic, detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory properties.
This document discusses the classification and properties of rasa dravyas or mercurial substances in Ayurveda. It focuses on abhraka, one of the main substances used in rasashastra. Abhraka is classified as a maharasa or primary substance. The document describes the origins, synonyms, varieties, and purification processes for abhraka according to Ayurvedic texts. It also provides background on mica, abhraka's source material, and compares its chemical composition to biotite, the variety described in Ayurveda.
The document provides details about the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical process known as Sandhana Kalpana. It defines Sandhana Kalpana as a fermentation process where medicines are combined and allowed to ferment for a specified period of time. This facilitates chemical and biochemical reactions that form new compounds. The document discusses the history of fermentation in ancient India and Egypt, outlines the key steps in the Sandhana Kalpana process, and explains the significance and essential ingredients involved in this traditional Ayurvedic method of drug preparation.
Concept of Agni in Rasa Shastra & BhaishajyaNitika Rattan
Agni plays a key role in Ayurveda and Rasa Shastra. There are different types of Agni in the body and processes like Bhasmikaran use Agni to convert metals and minerals into microfine forms. Putas are methods of heating that are classified based on the level of heat intensity. Putas are an important part of the Marana process and influence the properties of the final Bhasma. Electric furnaces can now also be used as a controlled source of heat for Rasa Shastra procedures like Bhasmikaran.
The Concept of Pakshachedhana in Ayurveda RasasastraEbinuday
'Pakshachedhana' simply means 'Cutting the wings'. In Ayurveda Rasasastra , Parada ( Mercury) is subjected to Pakshachedhana , through which the stability and heat sustaining capacity of Parada is attained . Pakshachinna Parada can thus be used accordingly in various efficient formulations.
This document provides information on the preparation and standardization of churna (Ayurvedic powder) according to Ayurvedic and modern techniques. It defines churna as a very fine, dry powder and discusses types of churna. Parameters for standardization include organoleptic properties, moisture content, ash values, extractive values, pH, particle size, flow properties, and limits for contaminants. Methods are presented for analyses like loss on drying, ash values, extractive values, and physical characteristics. The document emphasizes the importance of evaluating churna according to Ayurvedic and modern parameters to ensure quality.
in ayurvedic pharmacology some drugs have action according to their aura. this aura treat patients in various aspects eg wearing of jems and different stones
The document provides information on Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana, the five basic forms of water-based pharmaceutical preparations in Ayurveda. It describes the five types - Swarasa (expressed juice), Kalka (paste), Churna (powder), Kwatha (decoction), and Sheeta/Hima (cold infusion). For each type, it details the method of preparation, examples of common medicines, dosage, and importance. It explains that these five were selected because they could be prepared easily with limited resources and had a shelf life of 24 hours, allowing preparation as needed in the past.
This document discusses the classification and properties of rasa dravyas or mercurial substances in Ayurveda. It focuses on abhraka, one of the main substances used in rasashastra. Abhraka is classified as a maharasa or primary substance. The document describes the origins, synonyms, varieties, and purification processes for abhraka according to Ayurvedic texts. It also provides background on mica, abhraka's source material, and compares its chemical composition to biotite, the variety described in Ayurveda.
The document provides details about the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical process known as Sandhana Kalpana. It defines Sandhana Kalpana as a fermentation process where medicines are combined and allowed to ferment for a specified period of time. This facilitates chemical and biochemical reactions that form new compounds. The document discusses the history of fermentation in ancient India and Egypt, outlines the key steps in the Sandhana Kalpana process, and explains the significance and essential ingredients involved in this traditional Ayurvedic method of drug preparation.
Concept of Agni in Rasa Shastra & BhaishajyaNitika Rattan
Agni plays a key role in Ayurveda and Rasa Shastra. There are different types of Agni in the body and processes like Bhasmikaran use Agni to convert metals and minerals into microfine forms. Putas are methods of heating that are classified based on the level of heat intensity. Putas are an important part of the Marana process and influence the properties of the final Bhasma. Electric furnaces can now also be used as a controlled source of heat for Rasa Shastra procedures like Bhasmikaran.
The Concept of Pakshachedhana in Ayurveda RasasastraEbinuday
'Pakshachedhana' simply means 'Cutting the wings'. In Ayurveda Rasasastra , Parada ( Mercury) is subjected to Pakshachedhana , through which the stability and heat sustaining capacity of Parada is attained . Pakshachinna Parada can thus be used accordingly in various efficient formulations.
This document provides information on the preparation and standardization of churna (Ayurvedic powder) according to Ayurvedic and modern techniques. It defines churna as a very fine, dry powder and discusses types of churna. Parameters for standardization include organoleptic properties, moisture content, ash values, extractive values, pH, particle size, flow properties, and limits for contaminants. Methods are presented for analyses like loss on drying, ash values, extractive values, and physical characteristics. The document emphasizes the importance of evaluating churna according to Ayurvedic and modern parameters to ensure quality.
in ayurvedic pharmacology some drugs have action according to their aura. this aura treat patients in various aspects eg wearing of jems and different stones
The document provides information on Panchavidha Kashaya Kalpana, the five basic forms of water-based pharmaceutical preparations in Ayurveda. It describes the five types - Swarasa (expressed juice), Kalka (paste), Churna (powder), Kwatha (decoction), and Sheeta/Hima (cold infusion). For each type, it details the method of preparation, examples of common medicines, dosage, and importance. It explains that these five were selected because they could be prepared easily with limited resources and had a shelf life of 24 hours, allowing preparation as needed in the past.
Dr.Lavanya.S.A- Samsakaro hi gunantaradhanmuchyateDr.Lavanya .S.A
1) The document discusses the concept of samskara in Ayurveda, which refers to qualitative alterations done to substances like herbs to improve or modify their properties.
2) It provides examples of different types of samskaras like agni samskara (processing with heat), toyasamskara (processing with water), and their effects on changing qualities like taste, potency, and toxicity.
3) The document emphasizes that samskaras are an important aspect of drug formulation in Ayurveda, as they can influence the pharmacological, chemical and biological properties of substances.
This document provides an overview of Sneha Kalpana, the Ayurvedic process of preparing medicated oils and ghees. It defines Sneha Kalpana, discusses the types of bases used like ghee and oils, and the aims of the process. Key steps in the general method of preparation are outlined, including rules for ingredients proportions. Signs of proper maturation and characteristics of the final products are also described. Various techniques like Murchana, Avartana, and using rasa drugs are summarized.
This document summarizes information about Kampillaka, the first drug of Sadharana Rasa. It discusses the following key points:
- Kampillaka comes from the Mallotus phillippinensis plant and is the red powdery substance found on its fruits.
- It is used in classical Ayurvedic formulations like Brihat Trayi.
- Adulterants include brick powder, annatto dye, and bark powders that can be identified through tests of solubility, color staining, and burning properties.
- Purification methods involve drying the powder in sunlight to remove excess moisture and impurities according to classical texts.
The document discusses various aspects of Desha (geography/terrain) in Ayurveda. It defines Desha as having two types - Bhumidesha referring to land and Aaturadesha referring to climate. Bhumidesha is further classified into Jangala (forest), Anupa (sub-aquatic) and Sadharana (normal). It provides characteristics of each type of terrain and their effects on plants, animals, weather patterns and people. It also discusses criteria for collecting herbs and medicinal plants according to terrain, plant part, season and purpose of the herb. Guidelines are provided for proper storage and preservation of herbs to maintain their medicinal properties.
This document discusses the process of satvapatana, which is the extraction of the active principle or essence from minerals and metals. It begins by defining satvapatana and classifying it based on the form of satva extracted, the nature of the material, and the satva obtained. The document then outlines the aims, methods, equipment, and materials used in satvapatana like crucibles, fluxes, and heat sources. Specific extraction processes are provided for minerals like manahshila and metals. Analysis of the extracted satva is also presented. The conclusion differentiates satvapatana from metallurgy and emphasizes its therapeutic goal of obtaining an active principle.
This document discusses the purification (shodhana) process of karavira (Cerebra thevetia) according to Ayurvedic texts. It begins with an introduction to karavira and its classification. Key points include:
1. Karavira shodhana is typically done using godugdha (cow's milk) and dolayantra (heating method) for 1 prahara as this removes toxins.
2. A comparative study found ashuddha karavira had more foreign matter and lower loss on drying than shuddha karavira after the shodhana process, indicating removal of impurities.
3. During shodhana
1. The document discusses several herbs and minerals used in Ayurveda including sulfur, ochre, green vitriol, potash alum, yellow arsenic, realgar, collyrium, and Gamboge tree. It provides the Sanskrit names, properties, purification and processing methods, uses, and formulations for each.
2. Purification methods generally involve treatments with liquids like milk, honey, or plant juices and decoctions. Minerals may be given heat treatments. Some undergo processing to make them into fine powders or colors.
3. The herbs and minerals are used to treat diseases like skin disorders, fevers, digestive issues, and eye conditions. They have warming, detox
This document discusses the system of measurement, or mana, used in ancient India, particularly as it relates to Ayurveda. It describes two main types of mana - the Magadha Mana and Kalinga Mana, which were measurement standards from 500-321 BC and 261 BC respectively. Ayurvedic pharmaceutical science widely adopted these mana for practical purposes like determining drug dosages. The document traces the history of mana back to Vedic times and provides details on how mana was classified and defined in various Ayurvedic texts. Measurement units like trsarenu, kudava, and prasta are discussed in the context of weighing solids and liquids for Ayurvedic formulas.
Raseswara Darsana is the 9th of the 15 philosophies discussed in the ancient text Sarva Darsana Sangraha. It believes that liberation or mukti can be attained in living state, or jeevanmukti, through the use of mercury or parada. Other philosophies only recognize mukti as achievable after death. Raseswara Darsana describes the stages of parada processing and 18 samskaras required to make it suitable for ingestion. Its goal is to attain a divine, immortal body through mercury in order to achieve mukti while still alive through knowledge and removal of ignorance.
1. The document discusses two minerals - mica and tourmaline. It details their Sanskrit names, physical properties, varieties, purification processes, and incineration processes to produce bhasmas or ashes for medicinal use.
2. Mica is further described in terms of its occurrence in India, appearance as flexible sheets, varieties based on color and response to heating. Its uses include treating diabetes, tuberculosis and asthma.
3. Tourmaline is also described in terms of synonyms, occurrence locations, properties like hardness, and purification through steaming in a herbal decoction. Its bhasma benefits memory and rejuvenation.
Rasna is a controversial medicinal plant in Ayurveda due to various causes like mistakes in manuscripts, geographical variations, and polynomial nomenclature. Multiple plants have been proposed as the authentic source of Rasna including Pleuchea lanceolata, Alpinia galanga, and Vanda tessellata based on descriptions in classical texts and pharmacological research. However, the true botanical identity of Rasna remains unclear due to linguistic and availability controversies over centuries.
The document discusses various Ayurvedic preparations of Pathya (wholesome foods). It describes four major Pathya preparations - Manda, Peya, Yavagu, and Vilepi. For each preparation, it provides details on ingredients, method of preparation, properties, and indications based on classical Ayurvedic texts. It emphasizes the importance of following Pathya according to one's personal constitution, disease condition, and other factors. Pathya preparations are suggested for daily routines, seasonal routines, and during treatment including Panchakarma.
The document discusses the importance of Bhaishajya Kalpana (Ayurvedic pharmaceutical science) in Ayurveda. It states that Ayurveda is based on three fundamental principles - Hetu, Linga, and Ausadha. Among these, Ausadha (medicines) are very important for alleviating disease and maintaining health. The document then describes various forms of Kalpana (preparations) used to process herbs into medicines, including the five basic water-based preparations - Swarasa, Kalka-Churna, Kwatha, Sheeta, and Phanta. It explains that Kalpana aims to increase potency, durability, palat
Charak & 50 Mahakashay – Part 2 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande
• This Topic is very Popular in Ayurvedic field .This 50 Groups are like Readyrecknor or Practical Prescriber for Ayurvedic Medical Practice. This Topic is a part of Syllabus in 2 subjects of BAMS course –1) Dravyaguna vignyan ( Paper 1 Part A ,Point 10 –Dashemani Gan 2) Charak Purvardha ( Charak Sutrasthan ,Chaper 4 –Shadvirechan Shatiya) .Each group consists of 10 Herbs .So 50 x 10 = 500 Herbs .But unfortunately many Herbs are controversial & many are not available .Students will easily now note ,which plants are not available from this PPT .Also this PPT will explain the Pharmacodynamics of these herbs .So students by their own intelligence can add other herbs also in this Group
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
Concept of puta in rasa classics and its practical utility in present scenariosaumyagulati4
This document provides an overview of the concept of "puta" in Ayurveda and Rasa Shastra. It begins with defining puta literally as a hollow space or shallow vessel. It then discusses the various contexts in which the term is used in different texts. A major focus is on the understanding and uses of puta in Rasa Shastra texts for processes like heating and incineration of herbs and minerals. Various types of puta are classified based on dimensions, number of cow dung cakes used, and other heating parameters. Thermodynamic principles behind puta are also explained. Recent research on adapting puta processes for reliable preparation of medicines is mentioned.
This document discusses the Ayurvedic formulation Arogyavardhini Rasa. It contains 16 ingredients including mercury, sulfur, iron, copper and plant materials. The formulation is used to treat diseases like fever, skin diseases and obesity by improving digestion and eliminating toxins. It may work by stimulating the rasa dhatu and improving agni. Research shows it has hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties. Further studies are needed to assess its effects on other organ systems and in toxin-related conditions. The formulation is commercially available for Rs. 47-90 per dose.
Bhavana is an important Samskara mentioned in classics by which even a small dose of a drug may be made to produce a very high result i.e. to increase its potency.
Bhavana is a triturition method and also a technique used to reduce particle size
This document provides information about the presentation on medicine for pratishyaya (rhinitis) given by Dr. Eishan Jain. It begins with an introduction comparing pratishyaya to allergic rhinitis. It then discusses various aspects of pratishyaya including causes, symptoms, types according to Acharya Sushruta, and treatment options like Shunthi Churna, Maricha Churna, Citraka Haritaki, Vyoshadi Vati, Laxmivilasrasa Vati, and Anu taila. Key ingredients and formulations are explained in detail with their properties, mechanisms of action, and effectiveness in treating symptoms of pratish
1. Ekanga Veera Rasa is an Ayurvedic formulation used to treat Pakshagata (hemiplegia). It contains minerals like Sudha Gandhaka, Parada Bhasma, and metallic bhasmas along with herbs that are given bhavana (processing).
2. The formulation works by pacifying vata and kapha doshas, reducing ama, and restoring motor and sensory functions. Its ingredients and processing herbs have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.
3. Ekanga Veera Rasa can effectively manage Pakshagata by reducing oxidative stress, preventing atherosclerosis, and minimizing nerve damage based on the pharmacological activities of its
Dr.Lavanya.S.A- Samsakaro hi gunantaradhanmuchyateDr.Lavanya .S.A
1) The document discusses the concept of samskara in Ayurveda, which refers to qualitative alterations done to substances like herbs to improve or modify their properties.
2) It provides examples of different types of samskaras like agni samskara (processing with heat), toyasamskara (processing with water), and their effects on changing qualities like taste, potency, and toxicity.
3) The document emphasizes that samskaras are an important aspect of drug formulation in Ayurveda, as they can influence the pharmacological, chemical and biological properties of substances.
This document provides an overview of Sneha Kalpana, the Ayurvedic process of preparing medicated oils and ghees. It defines Sneha Kalpana, discusses the types of bases used like ghee and oils, and the aims of the process. Key steps in the general method of preparation are outlined, including rules for ingredients proportions. Signs of proper maturation and characteristics of the final products are also described. Various techniques like Murchana, Avartana, and using rasa drugs are summarized.
This document summarizes information about Kampillaka, the first drug of Sadharana Rasa. It discusses the following key points:
- Kampillaka comes from the Mallotus phillippinensis plant and is the red powdery substance found on its fruits.
- It is used in classical Ayurvedic formulations like Brihat Trayi.
- Adulterants include brick powder, annatto dye, and bark powders that can be identified through tests of solubility, color staining, and burning properties.
- Purification methods involve drying the powder in sunlight to remove excess moisture and impurities according to classical texts.
The document discusses various aspects of Desha (geography/terrain) in Ayurveda. It defines Desha as having two types - Bhumidesha referring to land and Aaturadesha referring to climate. Bhumidesha is further classified into Jangala (forest), Anupa (sub-aquatic) and Sadharana (normal). It provides characteristics of each type of terrain and their effects on plants, animals, weather patterns and people. It also discusses criteria for collecting herbs and medicinal plants according to terrain, plant part, season and purpose of the herb. Guidelines are provided for proper storage and preservation of herbs to maintain their medicinal properties.
This document discusses the process of satvapatana, which is the extraction of the active principle or essence from minerals and metals. It begins by defining satvapatana and classifying it based on the form of satva extracted, the nature of the material, and the satva obtained. The document then outlines the aims, methods, equipment, and materials used in satvapatana like crucibles, fluxes, and heat sources. Specific extraction processes are provided for minerals like manahshila and metals. Analysis of the extracted satva is also presented. The conclusion differentiates satvapatana from metallurgy and emphasizes its therapeutic goal of obtaining an active principle.
This document discusses the purification (shodhana) process of karavira (Cerebra thevetia) according to Ayurvedic texts. It begins with an introduction to karavira and its classification. Key points include:
1. Karavira shodhana is typically done using godugdha (cow's milk) and dolayantra (heating method) for 1 prahara as this removes toxins.
2. A comparative study found ashuddha karavira had more foreign matter and lower loss on drying than shuddha karavira after the shodhana process, indicating removal of impurities.
3. During shodhana
1. The document discusses several herbs and minerals used in Ayurveda including sulfur, ochre, green vitriol, potash alum, yellow arsenic, realgar, collyrium, and Gamboge tree. It provides the Sanskrit names, properties, purification and processing methods, uses, and formulations for each.
2. Purification methods generally involve treatments with liquids like milk, honey, or plant juices and decoctions. Minerals may be given heat treatments. Some undergo processing to make them into fine powders or colors.
3. The herbs and minerals are used to treat diseases like skin disorders, fevers, digestive issues, and eye conditions. They have warming, detox
This document discusses the system of measurement, or mana, used in ancient India, particularly as it relates to Ayurveda. It describes two main types of mana - the Magadha Mana and Kalinga Mana, which were measurement standards from 500-321 BC and 261 BC respectively. Ayurvedic pharmaceutical science widely adopted these mana for practical purposes like determining drug dosages. The document traces the history of mana back to Vedic times and provides details on how mana was classified and defined in various Ayurvedic texts. Measurement units like trsarenu, kudava, and prasta are discussed in the context of weighing solids and liquids for Ayurvedic formulas.
Raseswara Darsana is the 9th of the 15 philosophies discussed in the ancient text Sarva Darsana Sangraha. It believes that liberation or mukti can be attained in living state, or jeevanmukti, through the use of mercury or parada. Other philosophies only recognize mukti as achievable after death. Raseswara Darsana describes the stages of parada processing and 18 samskaras required to make it suitable for ingestion. Its goal is to attain a divine, immortal body through mercury in order to achieve mukti while still alive through knowledge and removal of ignorance.
1. The document discusses two minerals - mica and tourmaline. It details their Sanskrit names, physical properties, varieties, purification processes, and incineration processes to produce bhasmas or ashes for medicinal use.
2. Mica is further described in terms of its occurrence in India, appearance as flexible sheets, varieties based on color and response to heating. Its uses include treating diabetes, tuberculosis and asthma.
3. Tourmaline is also described in terms of synonyms, occurrence locations, properties like hardness, and purification through steaming in a herbal decoction. Its bhasma benefits memory and rejuvenation.
Rasna is a controversial medicinal plant in Ayurveda due to various causes like mistakes in manuscripts, geographical variations, and polynomial nomenclature. Multiple plants have been proposed as the authentic source of Rasna including Pleuchea lanceolata, Alpinia galanga, and Vanda tessellata based on descriptions in classical texts and pharmacological research. However, the true botanical identity of Rasna remains unclear due to linguistic and availability controversies over centuries.
The document discusses various Ayurvedic preparations of Pathya (wholesome foods). It describes four major Pathya preparations - Manda, Peya, Yavagu, and Vilepi. For each preparation, it provides details on ingredients, method of preparation, properties, and indications based on classical Ayurvedic texts. It emphasizes the importance of following Pathya according to one's personal constitution, disease condition, and other factors. Pathya preparations are suggested for daily routines, seasonal routines, and during treatment including Panchakarma.
The document discusses the importance of Bhaishajya Kalpana (Ayurvedic pharmaceutical science) in Ayurveda. It states that Ayurveda is based on three fundamental principles - Hetu, Linga, and Ausadha. Among these, Ausadha (medicines) are very important for alleviating disease and maintaining health. The document then describes various forms of Kalpana (preparations) used to process herbs into medicines, including the five basic water-based preparations - Swarasa, Kalka-Churna, Kwatha, Sheeta, and Phanta. It explains that Kalpana aims to increase potency, durability, palat
Charak & 50 Mahakashay – Part 2 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande
• This Topic is very Popular in Ayurvedic field .This 50 Groups are like Readyrecknor or Practical Prescriber for Ayurvedic Medical Practice. This Topic is a part of Syllabus in 2 subjects of BAMS course –1) Dravyaguna vignyan ( Paper 1 Part A ,Point 10 –Dashemani Gan 2) Charak Purvardha ( Charak Sutrasthan ,Chaper 4 –Shadvirechan Shatiya) .Each group consists of 10 Herbs .So 50 x 10 = 500 Herbs .But unfortunately many Herbs are controversial & many are not available .Students will easily now note ,which plants are not available from this PPT .Also this PPT will explain the Pharmacodynamics of these herbs .So students by their own intelligence can add other herbs also in this Group
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
Concept of puta in rasa classics and its practical utility in present scenariosaumyagulati4
This document provides an overview of the concept of "puta" in Ayurveda and Rasa Shastra. It begins with defining puta literally as a hollow space or shallow vessel. It then discusses the various contexts in which the term is used in different texts. A major focus is on the understanding and uses of puta in Rasa Shastra texts for processes like heating and incineration of herbs and minerals. Various types of puta are classified based on dimensions, number of cow dung cakes used, and other heating parameters. Thermodynamic principles behind puta are also explained. Recent research on adapting puta processes for reliable preparation of medicines is mentioned.
This document discusses the Ayurvedic formulation Arogyavardhini Rasa. It contains 16 ingredients including mercury, sulfur, iron, copper and plant materials. The formulation is used to treat diseases like fever, skin diseases and obesity by improving digestion and eliminating toxins. It may work by stimulating the rasa dhatu and improving agni. Research shows it has hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties. Further studies are needed to assess its effects on other organ systems and in toxin-related conditions. The formulation is commercially available for Rs. 47-90 per dose.
Bhavana is an important Samskara mentioned in classics by which even a small dose of a drug may be made to produce a very high result i.e. to increase its potency.
Bhavana is a triturition method and also a technique used to reduce particle size
This document provides information about the presentation on medicine for pratishyaya (rhinitis) given by Dr. Eishan Jain. It begins with an introduction comparing pratishyaya to allergic rhinitis. It then discusses various aspects of pratishyaya including causes, symptoms, types according to Acharya Sushruta, and treatment options like Shunthi Churna, Maricha Churna, Citraka Haritaki, Vyoshadi Vati, Laxmivilasrasa Vati, and Anu taila. Key ingredients and formulations are explained in detail with their properties, mechanisms of action, and effectiveness in treating symptoms of pratish
1. Ekanga Veera Rasa is an Ayurvedic formulation used to treat Pakshagata (hemiplegia). It contains minerals like Sudha Gandhaka, Parada Bhasma, and metallic bhasmas along with herbs that are given bhavana (processing).
2. The formulation works by pacifying vata and kapha doshas, reducing ama, and restoring motor and sensory functions. Its ingredients and processing herbs have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties.
3. Ekanga Veera Rasa can effectively manage Pakshagata by reducing oxidative stress, preventing atherosclerosis, and minimizing nerve damage based on the pharmacological activities of its
The document discusses Sadhyosneha, a type of snehana (oleation) procedure that aims to achieve the effects of internal snehana instantly within a day without side effects. It defines Sadhyosneha, compares it to classical snehapana, and provides guidelines on indications, contraindications, preparation, administration, dosage, duration, and assessment of Sadhyosneha. The summary concludes that Sadhyosneha is a simple, confined procedure suitable for both purification and pacification purposes, especially in conditions involving improperly functioning digestive factors.
There are five basic forms of pharmaceutical preparations (Kashaya Kalpana) described in Ayurveda - Swarasa, Kalka, Kwatha, Hima and Phanta. These preparations use botanicals and are made to have shorter shelf lives to be used immediately by patients. Swarasa is the fresh juice of herbs. Kalka is a fine paste. Kwatha is a decoction made by boiling herbs in water. Hima is made by soaking herbs in cold water overnight. Phanta is a hot infusion made by soaking herbs in hot water. Different authors have described some variations with additional preparations types. These five basic forms are used widely due to their potency and suit
1. Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine that is based on maintaining balance in the body through proper diet, herbal treatment, yoga, and lifestyle.
2. The key concepts in Ayurveda include the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), the five elements (prithvi, ap, tej, vayu, akash) that make up the human body, and the seven tissues (dhatus) and three waste products (malas) that are important for health.
3. Treatment in Ayurveda focuses on purification techniques like panchakarma as well as herbal remedies, diet, exercise and lifestyle changes to
Formulation development of ayurvedic medicinesSwati Wadhawan
The document discusses Ayurvedic formulations including Arishtas, Avalehas, Churnas, and Gutikas. It provides examples of common Ayurvedic medicines like Jirakadyarishta and Amritadi churna. It outlines the ingredients, manufacturing process, quality parameters for testing, therapeutic uses and dosages of these Ayurvedic formulations. Classical Ayurvedic formulations are prepared according to texts like Charaka Samhita while proprietary medicines are developed by companies. The quality of finished products is evaluated using organoleptic, physical, chemical and microbiological parameters.
This document provides an overview of Avleha Kalpana (semisolid medicated preparation). It begins with the aims and objectives which are to understand the detailed concept, rationality, and research related to Avleha. It then covers the etymology, definition, synonyms, historical review, classification, preparation methods, ingredients including drava, madhura, ausadha and prakshepa dravyas. It discusses paka lakshanas, preservation, dosage, anupana and modern views. The document concludes with a discussion of research articles and the author's own research views, followed by a bibliography.
Sandhana kalpana is the preparation of self generated alcohol. All the preparations that are resulting from FERMENTATION procedure come under SANDHANA KALPANA.
Sandhana kalpana is a special technique to prepare most effective medicines like Asava and Aristas. The medicines prepared through Sandhana kriya are quick in action, long shelf life, palatability and has nutritive value.The self-generated alcohol is the key factor behind the success of Sandhana kalpana.
An insight into the applications of Pathya KalpanaPraveen Guleria
This document provides an overview of pathya kalpana (wholesome preparations) in Ayurveda. It begins by defining pathya and discusses how food and drugs can have varying effects based on dosage, time, preparation, location, body constitution, and doshas. It emphasizes the importance of pathya kalpana, noting they are often overlooked despite their significance. Various types of pathya kalpanas are then described in detail, including their ingredients, properties, therapeutic indications, and examples. Manda, peya, vilepi, and yavagu preparations are explained. The role of ushnodak, aushadhsidha paniya, and aushadh siddha pathya
This document discusses several Ayurvedic herbal preparations called arishtas. It provides details on the manufacturing process for Arjunarishta and its evaluation. It also provides information on other arishtas including Jirakdyarishta, Abhayarishta, including their ingredients, indications, dosages and packaging. Arishtas are unique Ayurvedic liquid herbal formulations that contain self-generated alcohol content and herbal extracts soluble in both water and alcohol. They are used to treat various conditions.
This document provides details on the formulation of a Sandhan Kalpana (preparation for healing) including:
1. Ingredients such as jaggery, ashoka bark, haritaki, shunthi, and others in specified quantities.
2. Preparation method which involves boiling the ashoka bark decoction, adding jaggery and the other ingredients, sealing and allowing fermentation for 30 days.
3. Indications for use such as asrigdhara, ruja, jwara, and raktapitta. Dosage is one pala with water after meals.
This document provides information on the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical process of Sandhana Kalpana (fermentation). It defines Sandhana and the two main types - Madya Sandhana (alcoholic fermentation) and Sukta Sandhana (acidic fermentation). References from various classical Ayurvedic texts are provided regarding the preparation of Asava, Arishta, Sura and other formulations. The key steps involved - collection of drugs, mixing ingredients, storing the mixture for fermentation, and types of containers used are summarized. The document highlights the importance of Sandhana Kalpana in enhancing shelf life and efficacy of herbal medicines.
This document summarizes the traditional Ayurvedic fermented medicines known as arishtas and asavas. It describes how arishtas are fermented decoctions and asavas are fermented infusions made from herbs. The preparation process involves adding herbs, sugars like jaggery, and a fermentation initiator like dhataki flowers to water or juice in earthen pots. This mixture is then fermented for 6-30 days depending on season, and yields an alcoholic medicine. Typical recipes include ingredients like asoka bark for Asokarishta and datura for Kanakasava. The document analyzes 79 such fermented medicines used in Ayurveda and their applications. It also discusses aven
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that is based on three fundamental principles: the panchamahabhuta (five great elements), tridosha theory (three biological humors), and rasa-guna-virya-vipaka-prabhava siddhanta (principles of therapeutic properties of substances). Some key texts of Ayurveda are the Charaka Samhita and the Sushruta Samhita. Ayurvedic treatment aims to restore balance and strengthen the body through methods like panchakarma cleansing procedures, herbal medicines, diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes.
This document provides information on Abhyantara Snehapana (internal oleation therapy). It discusses the types of internal oleation including Accha Sneha (pure oleation), Pravicharana Sneha (oleation with adjuncts), and Sadhya Sneha (quick oleation). It outlines the procedures, indications, contraindications, dos and don'ts of internal oleation therapy based on Panchakarma principles. The key goal is to induce Samyak Snigdha Lakshanas (proper oleated features) through internal administration of oils and fats.
This document discusses traditional Ayurvedic drug preparation techniques. It describes raw drug collection and identification based on morphological characteristics. It explains appropriate seasons and plant parts for collection. Various primary techniques are outlined like swarasa, kalka, kwatha, hima, phanta. Secondary preparations like avaleha, sneha kalpana, and sandhana kalpana are explained. It discusses storage, packaging, and quality control measures from ancient to modern times. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of proper combinations, processing, time, and techniques in formulation design according to the needs of the patient.
Childhood is very crucial
period where child picks up
growth and development with
respect to physical, physiological
and social aspect.Dosha,dushya
and mala present in body are
identical to adult but present in
lesser quantity in children. The
diseases that manifesting adult can
also manifest in a child but with a
lesser involvement of Dosha and
with less intensity.1
Dhatri stanya dushti is the main
cause for diseases in Ksheerada
avastha. Hence Shodana should
be done both in dhatri and Shishu.
Acharya Kashyapabeing
pediatrician advises Panchakarma
therapy from first year of life.
However in today’s time it is
observed that with a certain set of
precautions along with proper drug
and dose Panchakarmatherapiescan
be administered in Baala.
The document provides an overview of Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine and lifestyle practices. It discusses key Ayurvedic concepts like the doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), dhatus (bodily tissues), malas (waste products), and therapies including herbal medicine, massage, aromatherapy, color therapy and more. Ayurveda views health as a balanced state and sees illness as an imbalance that can be corrected through natural means without side effects.
Our backs are like superheroes, holding us up and helping us move around. But sometimes, even superheroes can get hurt. That’s where slip discs come in.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
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1. Seminar on
Lohasava
By
Dr Saroja M Patil
Final yr. PG Scholar
Guide
Dr Ravi.R.Chavan
Asst. professor
PROFESSOR &HOD
Dr M.S.Doddamani
Dept. of RS & BK
Department of RS & BK, Taranth Govt. Ayurvedic Medical College, Ballari
2. 2 Contents
Introduction
Asava
-General Method Of
Preparation
-Precautions
-Characteristics
-Preservation
References
Ingredients
Method of preparation
Indications and dose
Market availability
Individual drug properties
Analytical parameters
Research works
Discussion
Conclusion
3. 3
Type of kalpana: SANDHANA KALPANA
• Sandhana kalpana is very common kalpana described in Ayurvedic literature.
Asava and Arishtas are more popularly used in Ayurvedic practice. These
preparations occupy unique position in pharmaceutics on account of their
superiority to other preparations.
• These are defined as the preparations which contain self-generated alcohol.
Asava and arishta preparations preserve their qualities even if they become old. This
clearly indicates their shelf life.
INTRODUCTION
4. 4
Asava:
According to Acharya Charaka, Asava are those
formulations which are prepared by ‘Asuta Prakriya’
(fermentation).
On the basis of consistency Asava has been defined as
Dravapradhana.
Asava
5. REQUIREMENTS
5
As per the ayurvedic pharmaceutics asva-arishta needs following materials;
• Dravya (Drug substance used for decoction/juice)
• Drava dravya (Liquid media)
• Madhura dravya (Sweetening agents)
• Sandhana dravya (Fermentive agents)
• Prakshepaka dravyas (Drugs for additives)
• Sandhana patra (Fermentation vessel)
• Patra samskara (Process especial)
• Sandhana kriya (Fermentation process)
• Sandhana sthala (Location)
• Sandhana avadhi (Duration of fermentation)
6. ASAVA IN GENERAL
6MethodofPreparation
The required quantity of water, to which jaggery or sugar as prescribed in the
formula is added, is boiled and cooled.
• This is poured into the fermentation pot, vessel or barrel. Fine powder of
the drugs mentioned in the formula are added.
• The container is covered with a lid and edges are sealed with clay smeared
cloth in seven consecutive layers.
• The container is kept either in a special room, in an under ground cellar or
in a heap of paddy, so as to ensure that for the duration of fermentation, as
far as possible, a constant temperature is maintained, since varying
temperature may impede or accelerate the fermentation.
7. 7
General Precautions:
If the fermentation is to be carried out in an earthen vessel, it should not be new.
Water should be boiled first in the vessel.
Absolute cleanliness is required during the process.
Each time, the inner surface of the fermentation vessel should be fumigated with ghee
before the liquids poured into it.
Characteristics:
The filtered asava should be clear without froth at the top. It should not become sour
(chukra).
The preparation has the characteristic aromatic alcoholic odour.
Preservation:
Asava can be kept indefinitely. They should be kept in well-stoppered bottles or jars.
8. REFERENCES8
Sharangadhara Samhita
(Sha. Sa. Ma, 10th ch)
AFI Formulations – Volume 1
(Sha. Sa. Ma)
Bhaishajya ratnavali
(Sha. Sa. Ma)
Rasatantrasara va siddhaprayoga sangraha (Sha.Sa. Ma)
Gadanigraha (Aasavaadhikara)
Rasa Kamadhenu (Pandu rogaadhikara)
Bharata Bhaishajya Ratnakara
(Sha Ma Kha & Gadanigraha)
11. METHOD OF PREPARATION
11
The coarse powder of all the above herbs is taken and added with
24.5lts of water, 4.8 kg of jaggery, 192g of dhataki and 3.07kgs of
madhu.
Taken in ghruta lipta fermentation pot.
Stirred well and the container is kept
closed
Sandhibandhana is done and
left undisturbed for about
1month
After
fermentation it is
filtered and
stored in airtight
container.
12. METHOD OF PREPARATION ACC TO (RSSPS)
All the ingredients except Triphala are taken in a clean khalwa yantra and made into
yavakuta churna.
Lohabhasma is mixed with Haritaki churna and macerated with clean water and kept
for 3days.
The mixture is again mixed with Amalaki and Vibhitaki churna and macerated with
jala and kept for 4days.
Triphala mishrita lohabhasma and yavakuta churna of all the drugs are taken in a
fermentation pot, mixed well, added with jala, madhu and guda
The pot is kept undisturbed for 1month and observed for lakshanas.
12
16. Lohasava (1)
Acc to BBR & Gadanigraha
Bharata Bhaishajya Ratnakara explains lohasava in
vol-4 Pandu rogadhikara, and in Gadanigraha it is
explained in 6th chapter Aasavadhikara
In both texts verse goes same as that of
Sharangadhara Madhyama Khanda
16
19. Khadirasaara -60pala
Lohabhasma -2pala
Lohakitta -1tula
Kebuka (jala) -5tula
Method of preparation:
All the above mentioned drugs powder is prepared and taken in a clean
bhandapaatra and exposed to sunrays ( suryataapa) for 21days. Later it
is used according to disease condition.
19
21. MEDICINAL PROPERTIES
Haematinic (Increases haemoglobin levels)
Hematogenic(Helps in formation of red blood cells)
Ama paachaka (Detoxifier)
Anthelminthic
Anty-hyperlipidemic
Cardio-protective
Cholagoggue (Promotes the discharge of bile)
Depurative (Purifies blood)
Anti-obesity and fat burner
Anti-inflammatory
Mucolytic
Tonic
21
22. Karmukata acc to RSSPS
Lohasava acts on Blood, Heart, Spleen, Liver And Fatty
Tissues, so it is used in diseases of these organs.
Anaemia:
Lohasava is haematinic and haematogenic. It contains a good
amount of iron, which can help to treat iron deficiency anaemia. It
is a good formulation, which increases the haemoglobin level
significantly.
Obesity:
Lohasava helps to reduce body fats by increasing the metabolic
rate and fat usability. It is likely to promote inch loss and belly fat
significantly.
Iron deficiency anaemia is also linked with obesity and weight gain
therefore, if the obese or overweight patients also has anaemia,
lohasava is the most suitable remedy.
22
23. Jaundice:
In Ayurveda, LOHASAVA is used for the treatment of Obstructive
Jaundice. It reduces the blockage due to its LEKHANA KARMA
and improves the bile flow and its excretion.
It is more suitable if the patient has jaundice with DIARRHOEA
and low digestive fire because of its astringent, digestive
stimulant and stomachic actions.
If the patients has CONSTIPATION, then KUMARYASAVA is more
suitable medicine.
Chronicfever and debility:
Lohasava is helpful for treating chronic fever and debility
occurring after fever including malaria and typhoid fever. It
increases digestive fire, so it improves appetite.
Many patients suffer from splenomegaly and hepatomegaly after
having malaria. These conditions are also treatable with
lohasava.
23
24. Bronchial asthma:
Lohasava is an effective medication commonly used
for treating asthma. The anti allergic action of the
herbs used in this medicine help to prevent the
abnormal response of the immune system to the
allergens and thus, prevent the attacks of asthma.
It can also provide relief from chest pain and
congestion or choking sensation in the chest.
24
• LOHASAVA is mainly useful in Pandu roga associated with Shotha,
Gulma, Arsha, Adhmana, Apachana, Pleeha-vruddhi, Kasa, Shwasa,
Aruchi, Grahani and Hrudaya Vikruti.
28. Analytical Parameters
1. Organoleptic characters
2. pH value
3. Specific gravity
4. Total solid content
5. Alcohol percentage
6. Reducing & non reducing
sugars
7. TLC/HPTLC
8. Test for Methanol
9. Total acidity
28
29. Pharmacopeia Standards
Organoleptic characters
Colour: Dark Reddish Brown
Smell: Fragrant
Touch: Watery
Taste: Astringent
Sugars:
Reducing : not more than 3.07%w/v
Non-reducing: traces
Specific gravity at 25 C
Not less than 1.010
Not more than 1.014
29
30. Solid contents
Not less than 6.7% w/v
Not more than 9.7% w/v
pH value
Not less than 3.8
Not more than 4.1
Alcohol contents
Not less than 5.1% v/v
Not more than 7.6 %v/v
Therapeutic indications: Pandu, Shotha, Gulma, Jathara, Arshas, Kushta,
Pliharoga
DOSE: 15 to 30ml
30
31. Research works
Clinical evaluation of Ayurvedic louha
(iron)containing preparations in iron deficiency
anaemia. – Namrata joshi (uttarkhand)
In the present study it was observed that Navayasa louha and Lohasava are
better than lohabhasma and even conventional iron therapy in the correction of
iron deficiency.
Further it was also observed that out of these two drugs, some of the features
are better corrected by Navayasa louha like Panduta, Pindikodweshtana,
Dourbalya(weakness), Gatrashula(bodyache), shirashula and menstrual
disturbances. Where as…….
31
32. Where as Lohasava was found to be more effective in
correction of Shawasa(Shortness of breath),
Hritspandana(Palpitation), Shrama(Fatigue),
Shopha(Oedema), Arochaka(Loss of appetite).
32
33. Clinical Evaluation of Lohasava in the Management
of Pandu Roga
(vijay gupta) - BHU
In the present study Lohasava and its effect in the
management of Pandu Roga is studied.
Four different samples (I-IV) of Lohasava are
prepared out of these four samples, three samples (I-
III) contains Lauha Bhasma, while sample IV
incorporated with Lauha Churna as per the original
reference and all the different samples administered
to the four different groups of anaemic patients, each
group having 10 patients.
Symptomatic relieve observed, in all the groups of
patients, but it was also observed that patients of
group III, having maximum symptomatic relief, than
other groups.
33
34. The various haematological parameters,
are also improved in all groups, it is also
noticed that sample I, II is found to be
more effective, than sample IV in
improving Hb level (p<0.05), while sample
III, is better (p<0.01) than sample IV in
increasing Hb level and total RBC count.
Therapeutic efficacy of all the four samples
has been found to be effective, in the
management of Pandu Roga.
Among them the sample III showing better
efficacy, compared to all samples. Sample
III has been prepared by fermenting in the
china clay container.
34
35. Systemic standardisation of lohasava - An anti anemic
polyherbal formulation (A.A MANSURI)
Lohasava is a self-fermented polyherbal formulation used
in the treatment of Anaemia, Jaundice and Digestive
disorders.
The aim of present study was to standardise a
commercially available brand of Lohasava with respect to
various physico-chemical and toxicological parameters.
Alcohol-soluble and water soluble extractives were found
to be 25.16% w/V and 28.18% w/V, respectively.
Reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars were found to
be 23.25% w/V and 0.45% w/V, respectively.
Ethanol content was found to be 5.93% V/V employing
headspace GC technique.
35
36. Heavy metal analysis by ICp-AeS showed the
absence of lead and mercury whereas arsenic
and cadmium were present within specified
limits of WHO.
Iron content for Lohasava was estimated to be
2.5 µg/mL.
The formulation was also evaluated for
microbial load showing absence of E. coli, P.
aeruginosa, S. aureus and permissible levels of
aerobic viable bacteria and moulds.
The ethyl acetate extract of Lohasava showed
0.000186% w/v of Gallic acid, quantified by
HptLC.
36
37. Parameters Affecting
Preparation of Asava and
Arista37
Effect of temperature
• Temperature affects the fermentation process of Asavarista formulations.
• In Draksharishta formulation, jaggery was added to the decoction of herbal ingredients,
stirred it well and boiled for two minutes in first batch, and in second batch jaggery was
added when the decoc-tion was cooled down to 40°C. Then all the preparation kept in
porcelain jar and kept for fermentation.
• It was observed that physico-chemical parameters were found to be less in cold Arista
than hot Arista.
• Cold Arista showed alcohol content of 7.64% whereas no alcohol formation was
observed in hot Arista on the day of filtration.
38. Tannin contents were found to be same in both formulations. Lower pH values
and higher acid value were observed in hot Arista than the cold Arista.
This result concluded that yeast cells were destroyed while the formulation was
hot due to high temperature. Hence it was not favourable for fermentation
process.
Where as in cold decoction, yeast cells were not destroyed and assists the
fermentation process.
In the ancient time, containers for preparation of Asavarista were placed in
Dhanya Rashi (Ex-Kanakbindu arista), Bhugarbha (Ex-Kharjurasava),
Koshthasara (Ex-Kumaryasava), etc in order avoid minimum temperature
variation.
Optimum temperature in the range of 20-35°C is suitable for initiation of
fermentation.
38
39. Fermentation time
Duration of fermentation vary according to different seasons. Literature
revealed that fermentation takes place in 6 days during autumn and summer
seasons, 10 days in winter and 8 days in rainy and spring seasons. Generally in
hot tropical climate 7-10 days are enough and 30 days in cool temperature
climate. Duration of fermentation ranges from 7 days to 180 days with
different formulation.
The effect of fermentation time was studied in Amritar-ishta which was kept
for one year. Results revealed that the specific gravity, total solid content and
sugar content were gradually decreased with increase in time. Alcohol content
was found to be increase up to six months. The pH value remains constant.
39
40. Use of various containers and
preparation conditions
Earthen pot and several other vessels were used tradi-tionally for fermentation.
Besides earthen pots several other vessels were used for preparation of different
Asavarista formulation which includes Glass, Aluminium, Tinned-copper, Stainless
Steel, Porcelain Jar, Gold Vessel.
Studies concludes that vessels of tinned copper were the better choice for
fermentation process than aluminium. Earthen and wooden containers have certain
limitations as earthen pots may break, while wooden containers require pre-
treatment and there may be chances of contamination.
Hence, with the advancement of pharmaceutical technology these pots were replaced
by plastic and steel containers. The final product of this container were analysed for
the efficacy and the study concluded that plastic and steel containers are suitable for
carrying out the Sandhana process.
40
41. Significance of Sandhana Dravya
(Fermentor)
Fermentors are microorganism, which initiates the pro-cess of fermentation. Dhataki
pushpa was introduced by Acharya Vagbhata as fermentor in the manufacturing of
Asavarista. Besides Dhataki pushpa some other drugs were also used in Sandhana
Kalpana which include Madhuka pushpa (Kutajarishta) and Surabeeja/Kinva (Sura).
A study was conducted to know the effect of addition of yeast (Saccharomyces
cerevisiae) and Dhataki pushpa to fermenting media.
The result revealed that the sample containing yeast showed onset and completion of
fermentation process as started on the second day and completed within one month.
Whereas samples contain Dhataki pushpa, fermentation started on the fifth day and
completed in second month.
41
42. This difference may be due to time taken by the yeast cells of Dhataki pushpa
for natural growth and multiplication.
In another study both Dhataki pushpa and isolated strain of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae from same flower were used as inoculum for fermentation.
Result showed that flower of Dhataki was capable to initiate alcoholic
fermentation as normally achieved by the use of pure yeast culture. Flower of
Dhataki pushpa was found to contain high percentage of tannins (22%).
During anaerobic fermentation, these phenolic compounds brought enzymatic
conversion to simple phenols and alcohol.
This may justified the extensive use of W. fruticosa in Arista preparation to
produce alcohol.
42
43. Metal/Minerals in Asava and
Arista
Fine powders of metals (Loha churna) and minerals are added as
ingredient for the preparation of Sandhana kalpana due to their vital
therapeutic effects.
It is observed that some microorganisms consume these metals under
optimum growth conditions.
In Lohasava, loha churna are converted into minute particles by the
action of alcohol and show high content of iron i.e 0.0612 %.
43
44. Merits of Sandhana Kalpana
(Biomedical Fermentation)
Undesirable sugars are removed from the plant materials by fermentation process and make the product
more bio-availability by eliminating side effects such as gas and bloating.
As the fermentation process undergoes a gradient increase of alcohol level, it extracts a wide range of
active ingredients from the herb than any other methods of extraction.
Yeast acts as natural cleansing system because of natural binding of yeast cell wall with the heavy metals
and pesticide residue.
Fermentation not only removes the contamination but also reduce the toxicity of some toxic
components in plants. Herb cells are ruptured by fermentation process and exposed openly to the
menstruum where the cell walls are broken down by bacterial enzyme which further assists in the
reaching process.
Fermentation process creates an active transport system which removes the constituents from the herbal
material to the menstruum.
44
46. 46
• Shudha louha (Loha Churna) mentioned by AFI in the ingredients of
lohasava is Lohabhasma or shodhita loha??
• Lohasava is the asava preparation which contains one rasoushadhi as
the main ingredient i.e Louha bhasma and other herbal drugs.
• Other than Lohasava, Kumaryasava said by acharya yogaratnakara
also contains Louha bhasma as a ingredient.
• Though the reference for Lohasava in the book Rasatantra Saara Va
Siddha Prayoga Sangraha is taken from Sharangadhara samhita
ingredients and method of preparation varies.
DISCUSSION
47. CONCLUSION47
• Arishta and asava are considered as best formulation in Ayurveda because they
posses better keeping quality, which is likely due to the contribution of
fermentation to preservation.
• These are nothing but the fermented syrups. These are the oral Ayurvedic
formulations has been use as tonic since many decades.
• Lohasava contains 4-10% of self generated alcohol in it and is proved to be best
in treating anaemia.
• Lohasava proved to be best in treating obstructive jaundice associated with
diarrhoea and low digestive fire.