This document summarizes a study on the lived experiences of traffic enforcers in Ozamiz City, Philippines. Seven traffic enforcers were interviewed. Two main themes emerged: 1) Adversity in fulfilling duties, such as dealing with undisciplined drivers in the rain or during collisions. 2) Encountering harassment, resistance, and threats from motorists, as some are uncooperative and insist they did not break laws. The study found traffic enforcement to be challenging due to factors outside of enforcers' control and disrespectful motorists. It recommended traffic enforcers continue approaching motorists with patience and respect.
This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design to gather data from 65 respondents in the 50th barangay of Ozamiz City. An adapted survey questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering data for the study. Results revealed that the level of effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in relation to public safety and the implementation of curfew hours as perceived by the 50th Barangay Resident of Ozamiz City was very effective in the level of implementation of curfew hours. While in the problems encountered by the responders during the implementation of curfew for Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) resulted as not serious. As to the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) the result revealed satisfactory ratings among the BPAT. And lastly, the level of public safety of the 50th barangay residents got a safe rating by the community. The researcher recommended that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action team are encouraged to continue their effectiveness in the implementation of curfew hours and public safety. Furthermore, this study will show the barangay peacekeeping action team's dedication to their duty to maintaining peace and order in their community.
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera have recently become an indispensable part of daily life. Cameras are of vital importance as significant elements of security systems in different buildings and establishments such as houses, stores, and shopping malls. Also, millions of CCTV cameras are installed in streets with the goal of reducing crimes, preventing crimes, and increasing public safety. Effectiveness of the installation of CCTV cameras in relation to crime prevention aims to determine the effectiveness of CCTV cameras in the selected barangays of Ozamiz City, usefulness in crime prevention with respect to traffic violations, crimes against person and crimes against properties and to propose an action-based plan based on the results of the study. The study utilized descriptive-correlational design, mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the gathered data. Results revealed that the installation of CCTV cameras are very effective in crime prevention as it monitors and records the scenes 24/7 that can help in solving any reported crimes such as theft or robbery incident. Moreover, the installation of CCTV cameras is very useful in crimes against person and crimes against properties as well as in preventing traffic violations because CCTV can be used as evidence in court, and it will help the authorities solve any crimes and when drivers are aware that CCTV are monitoring the roads and traffic, they will adhere to the laws set by the authorities for fear of getting penalized.
1. The prosecution plays a crucial role in the Philippine criminal justice system as it occupies the central position between the police and the courts.
2. The prosecutor is responsible for carrying out the administration of the criminal justice system through adequately examining offenses and deciding whether to prosecute individuals, ensuring fairness and justice.
3. Preliminary investigations are conducted by prosecutors to determine if there is probable cause that a crime has been committed before criminal charges are formally filed. This helps preserve evidence and keep witnesses under the state's control.
This document discusses traffic management and accident investigation. It covers the history of transportation including ancient modes like manpower, animal power, and wind power. It describes various agencies involved in traffic enforcement, engineering, education, environment, and economics. It discusses the legal system for traffic safety including licensing procedures and types of driver's licenses. Traffic law enforcement processes are outlined including detection, apprehension, prosecution, adjudication, and penalization. Major elements of the traffic enforcement system and classifications of violations are also summarized.
The document provides information on report writing criteria and sentence structure. It discusses the key aspects of an effective investigative report, including clarity, accuracy, brevity, specificity, completeness and timeliness. It then defines the four main types of sentences according to structure - simple, compound, complex and compound-complex - and provides examples of each. The document also classifies sentences according to function as declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamatory and gives examples of each type.
Here are some steps a leader could take to address this situation and keep the committee together:
1. Call an emergency meeting with representatives from both groups to discuss the issue openly and respectfully. Make it clear that walking away is not an option and all perspectives are valued.
2. Actively listen to understand each group's perspective without judgment. Seek common ground and shared goals for empowering youth.
3. Propose conducting initial research in a limited timeframe to help inform planning, with clear reporting of findings to the full committee. Compromise may be needed.
4. Emphasize that the committee's strength relies on diversity of views and ages. Remind all that the focus should be on serving youth
The document outlines standard operating procedures for Philippine National Police (PNP) operations. It details 9 rules that all PNP personnel must follow, including respecting human rights, only using necessary force, requiring approval for operations, and coordinating with other units. It provides guidelines for various types of police operations, use of uniforms and weapons, and responding to calls. The procedures aim to ensure public safety while respecting dignity and within legal boundaries.
The document provides an overview of the Philippine criminal justice system. It discusses the key stages and institutions involved, including:
1) Law enforcement agencies like the police that conduct investigations of reported crimes.
2) Prosecutors that evaluate evidence from police investigations and file criminal charges in court.
3) Courts that oversee legal proceedings, determine guilt or innocence, and sentence those convicted.
4) Correctional institutions that incarcerate and aim to rehabilitate those sentenced.
5) The role of communities in preventing crime and cooperating with law enforcement.
The criminal justice process aims to both punish wrongdoers and promote deterrence, retribution and behavioral change.
This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design to gather data from 65 respondents in the 50th barangay of Ozamiz City. An adapted survey questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering data for the study. Results revealed that the level of effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in relation to public safety and the implementation of curfew hours as perceived by the 50th Barangay Resident of Ozamiz City was very effective in the level of implementation of curfew hours. While in the problems encountered by the responders during the implementation of curfew for Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) resulted as not serious. As to the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) the result revealed satisfactory ratings among the BPAT. And lastly, the level of public safety of the 50th barangay residents got a safe rating by the community. The researcher recommended that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action team are encouraged to continue their effectiveness in the implementation of curfew hours and public safety. Furthermore, this study will show the barangay peacekeeping action team's dedication to their duty to maintaining peace and order in their community.
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera have recently become an indispensable part of daily life. Cameras are of vital importance as significant elements of security systems in different buildings and establishments such as houses, stores, and shopping malls. Also, millions of CCTV cameras are installed in streets with the goal of reducing crimes, preventing crimes, and increasing public safety. Effectiveness of the installation of CCTV cameras in relation to crime prevention aims to determine the effectiveness of CCTV cameras in the selected barangays of Ozamiz City, usefulness in crime prevention with respect to traffic violations, crimes against person and crimes against properties and to propose an action-based plan based on the results of the study. The study utilized descriptive-correlational design, mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the gathered data. Results revealed that the installation of CCTV cameras are very effective in crime prevention as it monitors and records the scenes 24/7 that can help in solving any reported crimes such as theft or robbery incident. Moreover, the installation of CCTV cameras is very useful in crimes against person and crimes against properties as well as in preventing traffic violations because CCTV can be used as evidence in court, and it will help the authorities solve any crimes and when drivers are aware that CCTV are monitoring the roads and traffic, they will adhere to the laws set by the authorities for fear of getting penalized.
1. The prosecution plays a crucial role in the Philippine criminal justice system as it occupies the central position between the police and the courts.
2. The prosecutor is responsible for carrying out the administration of the criminal justice system through adequately examining offenses and deciding whether to prosecute individuals, ensuring fairness and justice.
3. Preliminary investigations are conducted by prosecutors to determine if there is probable cause that a crime has been committed before criminal charges are formally filed. This helps preserve evidence and keep witnesses under the state's control.
This document discusses traffic management and accident investigation. It covers the history of transportation including ancient modes like manpower, animal power, and wind power. It describes various agencies involved in traffic enforcement, engineering, education, environment, and economics. It discusses the legal system for traffic safety including licensing procedures and types of driver's licenses. Traffic law enforcement processes are outlined including detection, apprehension, prosecution, adjudication, and penalization. Major elements of the traffic enforcement system and classifications of violations are also summarized.
The document provides information on report writing criteria and sentence structure. It discusses the key aspects of an effective investigative report, including clarity, accuracy, brevity, specificity, completeness and timeliness. It then defines the four main types of sentences according to structure - simple, compound, complex and compound-complex - and provides examples of each. The document also classifies sentences according to function as declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamatory and gives examples of each type.
Here are some steps a leader could take to address this situation and keep the committee together:
1. Call an emergency meeting with representatives from both groups to discuss the issue openly and respectfully. Make it clear that walking away is not an option and all perspectives are valued.
2. Actively listen to understand each group's perspective without judgment. Seek common ground and shared goals for empowering youth.
3. Propose conducting initial research in a limited timeframe to help inform planning, with clear reporting of findings to the full committee. Compromise may be needed.
4. Emphasize that the committee's strength relies on diversity of views and ages. Remind all that the focus should be on serving youth
The document outlines standard operating procedures for Philippine National Police (PNP) operations. It details 9 rules that all PNP personnel must follow, including respecting human rights, only using necessary force, requiring approval for operations, and coordinating with other units. It provides guidelines for various types of police operations, use of uniforms and weapons, and responding to calls. The procedures aim to ensure public safety while respecting dignity and within legal boundaries.
The document provides an overview of the Philippine criminal justice system. It discusses the key stages and institutions involved, including:
1) Law enforcement agencies like the police that conduct investigations of reported crimes.
2) Prosecutors that evaluate evidence from police investigations and file criminal charges in court.
3) Courts that oversee legal proceedings, determine guilt or innocence, and sentence those convicted.
4) Correctional institutions that incarcerate and aim to rehabilitate those sentenced.
5) The role of communities in preventing crime and cooperating with law enforcement.
The criminal justice process aims to both punish wrongdoers and promote deterrence, retribution and behavioral change.
1. The document discusses police operational planning, defining it as the process of formulating coordinated sequences of methodical activities and allocation of resources to attain mandated goals and objectives.
2. It explains that a plan provides answers to questions like what, why, when, where, and how to attain objectives through strategies, tactics, procedures, and policies.
3. The document also lists the key characteristics of a good plan, such as having a clearly defined objective, being simple and flexible, being attainable, and providing standards of operation.
This module was produced by the Division of City Schools- San Fernando, La Union under the
Schools Division Superintendent, Dr. Rowena C. Banzon.
For comments and suggestions, please email us at:
depedsanfernandocity@deped.gov.ph
Copyright 2020. All rights reserved.
11
This document provides information on photography and forensic photography. It defines photography, police photography, and forensic photography. It discusses the history and evolution of photography, including important figures like Daguerre, Talbot, and Eastman. It describes camera parts and functions, focusing controls, aperture, shutter speed, and types of cameras and shutters. The document also covers principles of photography, handling cameras properly, and avoiding camera shake.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly found coronavirus that causes an infectious disease. Infected patients may develop mild to moderate respiratory infections and recover without the need for specific treatment. Barangay Tanods is at the forefront of maintaining peace and order. They are made up of civilian volunteers who protect the community from irregular forces while also demonstrating their commitment to crime prevention by acting as deterrents to criminals, particularly in places where police are scarce. The BPAT is a national program of the PNP to encourage people empowerment from the community to address the real-time response in case a need arises, be it peace and order, security, or rescue related matters. The study will utilize a descriptive type of research. A descriptive type of research accurately and systematically describes the responses of the population considered in a particular study. The results revealed that the overall performance of barangay tanod was excellent, regardless of age, educational attainment, or gender. There were no significant differences in the performance of tanods divided into different groups. On the other hand, the delivery of BPAT services for crime prevention needs to be enhanced. The goal of this research is to assess the BPAT’s performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the urban barangays in Ozamiz City, which includes the following: Barangay Aguada, Barangay Carmen Annex and Barangay Catadman in terms of patrolling, cooperation with other barangay officials, and health and safety protocol execution.
Strengthening legal referral mechanisms on cases of genderDwight Sabio
The document discusses gender-based violence in the Philippines and mechanisms for addressing it. It defines gender-based violence and outlines laws that have been passed to combat various forms of violence against women. Data from national surveys in 2008 and 2013 show that around 20% of women experienced physical or sexual violence and many suffered injuries, though few sought help. The document examines frontline service providers like barangay VAW desks and coordination bodies, noting efforts to strengthen referral systems are needed to better help victims given challenges in the current system.
This document discusses the history and dimensions of information communication technology (ICT). ICT refers to the technology required to distribute information using software, electronics, and communication devices. The document outlines how technology has enabled more effective communication over time, from early forms like writing and printing, to later innovations like the telegraph, telephone, radio, television, and Internet. It provides a timeline of major technology milestones and explains how communication has been aided by devices like the telephone, fax machine, radio, and satellites to broadcast information widely.
This document provides an overview of criminology, outlining its definition and scope as both a broad body of knowledge and a scientific study. It discusses key aspects of criminology including theories of crime causation, classifications of crimes and criminals, and influential early criminologists like Lombroso, Ferri and others. Criminology is defined in both its broadest sense encompassing lawmaking and enforcement, and its narrowest as the scientific study of crime through sociology, etymology and penology.
Methodology
• Discussion
• Actual Demonstration
• Written Test
• Clip Art Visualization
Assessment Method
• Observation
• Answer Key on Written test
• Questioning Answer
Recap
• MODULE I 7 hrs
• MODULE II 4 hrs
• MODULE III 7 hrs
• MODULE IV 8 hrs
• MODULE V 4 hrs
• MODULE VI 2 hrs
• MODULE VII 11 hrs
Total No. of Training Hours 43 hrs
Total No. of Training Days 7 days (including distribution of Certificates)
This document discusses the study of ethics. It defines ethics as the science of morality of human acts, derived from the Greek word meaning characteristic way of living. It discusses two ethical systems - the atheistic approach which assumes only matter exists, and the theistic approach which begins with God as the supreme lawgiver. Professional ethics regulates professions through moral codes of ethics. Human acts are defined as actions performed knowingly and freely, while acts of man are involuntary. Elicited acts are performed by the will without being bodily externalized, while commanded acts are done by mental or bodily powers under the will's command.
The document outlines the probation and parole process in the Republic of the Philippines. It shows that after conviction and sentencing, those given probationable offenses are investigated by the Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) while those with non-probationable offenses go to prison. The PPA then supervises probationers and parolees. For parole, the Board of Pardons and Parole determines if an inmate receives parole or has their parole denied. Parolees are then supervised by the PPA and can have their parole revoked or continued based on compliance with conditions.
This document provides an overview of research and statistics. It defines research as a systematic process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting data to solve problems, discover truths, and expand knowledge. The goals of research are to improve human life through better understanding. Different types of research are described such as case studies, surveys, experiments, and ethnography. Criteria for selecting good research problems include the topic's originality, importance, and feasibility given available resources, skills, and time. The document also introduces basic statistical concepts like mean, median, mode, and frequency distribution. It distinguishes descriptive from inferential statistics and lists common statistical tools. Key terms are defined, such as population, sample, variable, and constant. Formulas for
This document provides guidelines for writing memorandums within a police service. It discusses the purpose and tone of memorandums, including impersonal tone from superiors to subordinates and more formal tone from subordinates to superiors. Key parts of a memorandum are outlined, including the heading with address, subject, date; body with paragraphs and references; and complimentary ending with signature and lists of enclosures and copies. Proper formatting of memorandums, such as font, spacing, indentation and page numbering, is also described.
This topic is the lesson 2 for the Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Culture, an academic specialized subject of the Senior High School K-12 Basic Education Curriculum of the Republic of the Philippines.
The document introduces the concept of Barangay Peacekeeping Operations (BPO) and Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPAT) in the Philippines. It discusses that historically, communities in the Philippines were organized into small barangays headed by datus for maintaining peace and order. The document then outlines the rationale for reviving this community-focused approach, including empowering communities to prevent criminality, insurgency, and terrorism. It also notes that this approach addresses issues with past anti-criminality strategies and helps counter communist propaganda at the local level.
- The document summarizes key points from the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) on the country's drug laws and enforcement efforts. It was signed into effect on July 4, 2002 through RA 9165 to reorganize the drug enforcement system.
- PDEA was created as the implementing arm of the Dangerous Drugs Board for efficient enforcement of drug laws. The document provides an overview of different types of drugs, their usage and effects, as well as profiles of drug users in the Philippines. It encourages public support and reporting of illegal drug activities.
This document discusses various concepts related to hazards, disasters, vulnerability, exposure, and risk. It provides examples, definitions, and explanations for different terminology. Some key points covered include:
- A hazard only becomes a disaster when it negatively impacts human lives and properties. Vulnerability, defined as characteristics that make something susceptible to hazards, determines the level of impact.
- Factors like physical exposure, socioeconomic status, and demographics contribute to a community's overall vulnerability. Marginalized groups are especially at risk due to lack of resources and ability to respond.
- Structures can be engineered, non-engineered, or owner-built, and factors like location, design complexity, and height influence
This document outlines guidelines for implementing the Revitalized PNP KASIMBAYANAN program, which aims to strengthen partnerships between the PNP, religious sectors, and communities. It establishes coordination mechanisms and responsibilities at the regional level to organize community stakeholders, provide training to advisers, and conduct regular assessments to monitor progress. The end goal is to foster holistic transformation and reciprocal responsibility among all parties in upholding peace, order, and community development.
This document provides information about drugs and drug abuse. It defines drugs and outlines when drugs can be harmful. It describes drug abuse and classification of drugs such as stimulants, opiates/narcotics, hallucinogens, depressants/sedatives, and inhalants. It discusses routes of drug administration and the four stages of drug use. Finally, it outlines the harmful health, brain, behavioral, and birth defect effects of drug abuse.
Traffic Accident Data Profiling and Clusteringwith Data Mining ProcessIOSR Journals
1) The document analyzes traffic accident data from Nigeria to profile clusters of high-risk and low-risk traffic roads and understand characteristics connected to injury severity and death.
2) It applies data mining techniques to model accident records and extract patterns relating driver behavior, road conditions, and weather to accident risks.
3) Key findings include differentiating accident risks by age group, period, and road type. High-risk roads were identified for targeted safety policies.
Road Safety Audit of Balsamand Hisar Bypass Road MDR 107ijtsrd
Now a days, in each ten minutes, we tend to lose one human life because of road accidents. Within the world, Bharat has world’s largest weighty traffic and accidents too its necessary to provide the safety to roads. Road Safety Audit RSA could be a practice or methodology within which identification of existing or future road on basis of questions of safety and provision of safety remedial measures on that. Road Safety Audit RSA is a formal method for assessing accident potential and safety performance within the provision of latest road schemes and schemes for the improvement and maintenance of existing roads.In this study, the section of road from “Balsamand – Hisar Bypass Road MDR 107 †is undertaken. Road taken having appreciable traffic throughout day time and a few black spots on the road wherever accidents could happen and in depth analysis of road from “Balsamand – Hisar Bypass Road MDR 107 †is administered on the premise of information assortment like traffic behaviour study, road safety signs and symbols, etc. The purpose of study is to examine the road within the terms of the security measures, road situation, any kind of flaws and to counsel the alleviative and preventive actions for the chosen section of road for audit. Ravi Saharan | Vikas "Road Safety Audit of Balsamand-Hisar Bypass Road (MDR 107)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50419.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50419/road-safety-audit-of-balsamandhisar-bypass-road-mdr-107/ravi-saharan
1. The document discusses police operational planning, defining it as the process of formulating coordinated sequences of methodical activities and allocation of resources to attain mandated goals and objectives.
2. It explains that a plan provides answers to questions like what, why, when, where, and how to attain objectives through strategies, tactics, procedures, and policies.
3. The document also lists the key characteristics of a good plan, such as having a clearly defined objective, being simple and flexible, being attainable, and providing standards of operation.
This module was produced by the Division of City Schools- San Fernando, La Union under the
Schools Division Superintendent, Dr. Rowena C. Banzon.
For comments and suggestions, please email us at:
depedsanfernandocity@deped.gov.ph
Copyright 2020. All rights reserved.
11
This document provides information on photography and forensic photography. It defines photography, police photography, and forensic photography. It discusses the history and evolution of photography, including important figures like Daguerre, Talbot, and Eastman. It describes camera parts and functions, focusing controls, aperture, shutter speed, and types of cameras and shutters. The document also covers principles of photography, handling cameras properly, and avoiding camera shake.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly found coronavirus that causes an infectious disease. Infected patients may develop mild to moderate respiratory infections and recover without the need for specific treatment. Barangay Tanods is at the forefront of maintaining peace and order. They are made up of civilian volunteers who protect the community from irregular forces while also demonstrating their commitment to crime prevention by acting as deterrents to criminals, particularly in places where police are scarce. The BPAT is a national program of the PNP to encourage people empowerment from the community to address the real-time response in case a need arises, be it peace and order, security, or rescue related matters. The study will utilize a descriptive type of research. A descriptive type of research accurately and systematically describes the responses of the population considered in a particular study. The results revealed that the overall performance of barangay tanod was excellent, regardless of age, educational attainment, or gender. There were no significant differences in the performance of tanods divided into different groups. On the other hand, the delivery of BPAT services for crime prevention needs to be enhanced. The goal of this research is to assess the BPAT’s performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the urban barangays in Ozamiz City, which includes the following: Barangay Aguada, Barangay Carmen Annex and Barangay Catadman in terms of patrolling, cooperation with other barangay officials, and health and safety protocol execution.
Strengthening legal referral mechanisms on cases of genderDwight Sabio
The document discusses gender-based violence in the Philippines and mechanisms for addressing it. It defines gender-based violence and outlines laws that have been passed to combat various forms of violence against women. Data from national surveys in 2008 and 2013 show that around 20% of women experienced physical or sexual violence and many suffered injuries, though few sought help. The document examines frontline service providers like barangay VAW desks and coordination bodies, noting efforts to strengthen referral systems are needed to better help victims given challenges in the current system.
This document discusses the history and dimensions of information communication technology (ICT). ICT refers to the technology required to distribute information using software, electronics, and communication devices. The document outlines how technology has enabled more effective communication over time, from early forms like writing and printing, to later innovations like the telegraph, telephone, radio, television, and Internet. It provides a timeline of major technology milestones and explains how communication has been aided by devices like the telephone, fax machine, radio, and satellites to broadcast information widely.
This document provides an overview of criminology, outlining its definition and scope as both a broad body of knowledge and a scientific study. It discusses key aspects of criminology including theories of crime causation, classifications of crimes and criminals, and influential early criminologists like Lombroso, Ferri and others. Criminology is defined in both its broadest sense encompassing lawmaking and enforcement, and its narrowest as the scientific study of crime through sociology, etymology and penology.
Methodology
• Discussion
• Actual Demonstration
• Written Test
• Clip Art Visualization
Assessment Method
• Observation
• Answer Key on Written test
• Questioning Answer
Recap
• MODULE I 7 hrs
• MODULE II 4 hrs
• MODULE III 7 hrs
• MODULE IV 8 hrs
• MODULE V 4 hrs
• MODULE VI 2 hrs
• MODULE VII 11 hrs
Total No. of Training Hours 43 hrs
Total No. of Training Days 7 days (including distribution of Certificates)
This document discusses the study of ethics. It defines ethics as the science of morality of human acts, derived from the Greek word meaning characteristic way of living. It discusses two ethical systems - the atheistic approach which assumes only matter exists, and the theistic approach which begins with God as the supreme lawgiver. Professional ethics regulates professions through moral codes of ethics. Human acts are defined as actions performed knowingly and freely, while acts of man are involuntary. Elicited acts are performed by the will without being bodily externalized, while commanded acts are done by mental or bodily powers under the will's command.
The document outlines the probation and parole process in the Republic of the Philippines. It shows that after conviction and sentencing, those given probationable offenses are investigated by the Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) while those with non-probationable offenses go to prison. The PPA then supervises probationers and parolees. For parole, the Board of Pardons and Parole determines if an inmate receives parole or has their parole denied. Parolees are then supervised by the PPA and can have their parole revoked or continued based on compliance with conditions.
This document provides an overview of research and statistics. It defines research as a systematic process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting data to solve problems, discover truths, and expand knowledge. The goals of research are to improve human life through better understanding. Different types of research are described such as case studies, surveys, experiments, and ethnography. Criteria for selecting good research problems include the topic's originality, importance, and feasibility given available resources, skills, and time. The document also introduces basic statistical concepts like mean, median, mode, and frequency distribution. It distinguishes descriptive from inferential statistics and lists common statistical tools. Key terms are defined, such as population, sample, variable, and constant. Formulas for
This document provides guidelines for writing memorandums within a police service. It discusses the purpose and tone of memorandums, including impersonal tone from superiors to subordinates and more formal tone from subordinates to superiors. Key parts of a memorandum are outlined, including the heading with address, subject, date; body with paragraphs and references; and complimentary ending with signature and lists of enclosures and copies. Proper formatting of memorandums, such as font, spacing, indentation and page numbering, is also described.
This topic is the lesson 2 for the Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Culture, an academic specialized subject of the Senior High School K-12 Basic Education Curriculum of the Republic of the Philippines.
The document introduces the concept of Barangay Peacekeeping Operations (BPO) and Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPAT) in the Philippines. It discusses that historically, communities in the Philippines were organized into small barangays headed by datus for maintaining peace and order. The document then outlines the rationale for reviving this community-focused approach, including empowering communities to prevent criminality, insurgency, and terrorism. It also notes that this approach addresses issues with past anti-criminality strategies and helps counter communist propaganda at the local level.
- The document summarizes key points from the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) on the country's drug laws and enforcement efforts. It was signed into effect on July 4, 2002 through RA 9165 to reorganize the drug enforcement system.
- PDEA was created as the implementing arm of the Dangerous Drugs Board for efficient enforcement of drug laws. The document provides an overview of different types of drugs, their usage and effects, as well as profiles of drug users in the Philippines. It encourages public support and reporting of illegal drug activities.
This document discusses various concepts related to hazards, disasters, vulnerability, exposure, and risk. It provides examples, definitions, and explanations for different terminology. Some key points covered include:
- A hazard only becomes a disaster when it negatively impacts human lives and properties. Vulnerability, defined as characteristics that make something susceptible to hazards, determines the level of impact.
- Factors like physical exposure, socioeconomic status, and demographics contribute to a community's overall vulnerability. Marginalized groups are especially at risk due to lack of resources and ability to respond.
- Structures can be engineered, non-engineered, or owner-built, and factors like location, design complexity, and height influence
This document outlines guidelines for implementing the Revitalized PNP KASIMBAYANAN program, which aims to strengthen partnerships between the PNP, religious sectors, and communities. It establishes coordination mechanisms and responsibilities at the regional level to organize community stakeholders, provide training to advisers, and conduct regular assessments to monitor progress. The end goal is to foster holistic transformation and reciprocal responsibility among all parties in upholding peace, order, and community development.
This document provides information about drugs and drug abuse. It defines drugs and outlines when drugs can be harmful. It describes drug abuse and classification of drugs such as stimulants, opiates/narcotics, hallucinogens, depressants/sedatives, and inhalants. It discusses routes of drug administration and the four stages of drug use. Finally, it outlines the harmful health, brain, behavioral, and birth defect effects of drug abuse.
Traffic Accident Data Profiling and Clusteringwith Data Mining ProcessIOSR Journals
1) The document analyzes traffic accident data from Nigeria to profile clusters of high-risk and low-risk traffic roads and understand characteristics connected to injury severity and death.
2) It applies data mining techniques to model accident records and extract patterns relating driver behavior, road conditions, and weather to accident risks.
3) Key findings include differentiating accident risks by age group, period, and road type. High-risk roads were identified for targeted safety policies.
Road Safety Audit of Balsamand Hisar Bypass Road MDR 107ijtsrd
Now a days, in each ten minutes, we tend to lose one human life because of road accidents. Within the world, Bharat has world’s largest weighty traffic and accidents too its necessary to provide the safety to roads. Road Safety Audit RSA could be a practice or methodology within which identification of existing or future road on basis of questions of safety and provision of safety remedial measures on that. Road Safety Audit RSA is a formal method for assessing accident potential and safety performance within the provision of latest road schemes and schemes for the improvement and maintenance of existing roads.In this study, the section of road from “Balsamand – Hisar Bypass Road MDR 107 †is undertaken. Road taken having appreciable traffic throughout day time and a few black spots on the road wherever accidents could happen and in depth analysis of road from “Balsamand – Hisar Bypass Road MDR 107 †is administered on the premise of information assortment like traffic behaviour study, road safety signs and symbols, etc. The purpose of study is to examine the road within the terms of the security measures, road situation, any kind of flaws and to counsel the alleviative and preventive actions for the chosen section of road for audit. Ravi Saharan | Vikas "Road Safety Audit of Balsamand-Hisar Bypass Road (MDR 107)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50419.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50419/road-safety-audit-of-balsamandhisar-bypass-road-mdr-107/ravi-saharan
The No shoes no travel policy declares that it will secure and protect its citizens, particularly motorcycle operators or drivers and their passengers, from the devastating and extremely injurious effects of fatal or life-threatening accidents and crashes. This study determined the cause and insight of the motorist towards the experience of ordinance in No Shoes, No Travel Policy in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. It composed five motorists, who were voluntarily participated the study, and was selected through the following inclusion criteria:11) driver not less than five years; 2) residence in Ozamiz City, and; 3) have experience in committing traffic violation. There were four (4) themes identified in the study, namely environment condition and emergency pushes a driver to commit a violation, wasted money as a result of a violation, calmness and acceptance in the violation and realization and understanding the purpose of the ordinance. The findings of the study shows that motorists face a variety of issues, which causes the drivers to break the ordinance as a result of the poor weather condition, makes them to disregard the ordinance regulating their safety. It was recommended to the drivers that always have a spare pair of shoes so that if one gets wet it may be replaced with a dry one, and be extra careful in wet weather. The researchers further recommend drivers to obey the ordinance in order to avoid paying a penalty that beyond their financial means, as well as to avoid large medical expenses in the hospital if they get injured or wounded as a result of disregarding the ordinance.
IRJET-Road Traffic Accident Analysis and Prediction Model: A Case Study of Va...IRJET Journal
This document discusses road traffic accidents in Vadodara City, India. It analyzes accident data from 2010-2016 collected from local police stations. Key findings include:
- Accident severity, the number of people killed per 100 accidents, increased over this period.
- The highest numbers of accidents occurred in March-April and involved two and four-wheelers.
- Factors contributing to accidents included lack of median barriers, footpaths, traffic signals and signs.
- The study aims to identify causes of accidents, develop an accident prediction model, and propose safety improvements to reduce accidents.
Relationship between ethics and politics: an issue of a short vision on road ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The public works sector undoubtedly contributes to the economic development of the country.
This sector is unfortunately damaged and destroyed by local populations for various reasons. This study was
conducted in two regions which are the region of Diana and that of Sofia with the objective of identifying the
sources of degradation of road infrastructure. The methods consist of: (i) developing questionnaires on
politicians concerned by these two regions and the neighboring populations of these infrastructures and (ii)
carrying out statistical analyzes of the data using the analysis of variances. The majorities of the people
surveyed are the district heads and the regional directors, who represent 35% each. The causes of the
degradation of road infrastructure are significantly higher for non-compliance with load, lack of awareness and
nozzle theft. The Measures taken into account for the fight against the degradation of road infrastructure are
significantly higher for law enforcement, program exit, public awareness, rain barriers and adequate sanitation.
These infrastructures constitute sources of income for certain populations and also for the Malagasy State, from
which they deserve to be maintained and protected.
Keywords : ethics, politics, issue, infrastructure, Madagascar
To Find out the Relationship between Errors, Lapses, Violations and Traffic A...inventionjournals
The document discusses a study that explored the relationship between errors, lapses, violations and traffic awareness among 500 drivers in Cuddalore district, India. The study found significant relationships between driving errors, lapses and violations, and significant relationships between these behaviors and participants' traffic awareness. Specifically, errors and lapses showed moderate positive correlations, as did errors and violations and lapses and violations, while lapses and violations showed weak negative correlations with traffic awareness.
Road Safety Audit of Balsamand Hisar Bypass Road MDR 107 A Reviewijtsrd
Now a days, in each ten minutes, we tend to lose one human life because of road accidents. Within the world, Bharat has world’s largest weighty traffic and accidents too its necessary to provide the safety to roads. Road Safety Audit RSA could be a practice or methodology within which identification of existing or future road on basis of questions of safety and provision of safety remedial measures on that. Road Safety Audit RSA is a formal method for assessing accident potential and safety performance within the provision of latest road schemes and schemes for the improvement and maintenance of existing roads.In this study, the section of road from “Balsamand – Hisar Bypass Road MDR 107 ” is undertaken. Road taken having appreciable traffic throughout day time and a few black spots on the road wherever accidents could happen and in depth analysis of road from “Balsamand – Hisar Bypass Road MDR 107 ” is administered on the premise of information assortment like traffic behaviour study, road safety signs and symbols, etc. The purpose of study is to examine the road within the terms of the security measures, road situation, any kind of flaws and to counsel the alleviative and preventive actions for the chosen section of road for audit. Ravi Saharan | Vikash "Road Safety Audit of Balsamand-Hisar Bypass Road (MDR 107) - A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50412.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50412/road-safety-audit-of-balsamandhisar-bypass-road-mdr-107--a-review/ravi-saharan
IRJET- A Review Study on Road Accident in IndiaIRJET Journal
This document reviews road accidents in India. It discusses that road traffic accidents claim over 1 million lives worldwide each year, making it a leading cause of death according to the WHO. In India, factors like rapid motorization without sufficient road safety measures have led to high road accident rates. The key causes of road accidents in India are identified as human factors (reckless driving, drunken driving), environmental factors (poor road quality, lighting), and vehicle-related factors (poorly maintained vehicles). Solutions proposed include better enforcement of traffic rules, driver training programs, vehicle safety standards, and improved road infrastructure to reduce accidents in India.
The document discusses the role of corporates in promoting road safety in India. It notes that road accidents cost the Indian economy billions each year. It outlines the key stakeholders involved in road safety efforts, including government agencies, educational institutions, media, police, health services, transport authorities, insurance companies and corporates. The document suggests road safety measures corporates can implement at the employee level, corporate level and for third parties to help reduce accidents and support broader road safety initiatives.
The document discusses road accidents in Yangon, Myanmar. It analyzes accident data from Pyay Road in Yangon from 2017. The key findings are:
1) The majority (75%) of accidents occurred due to collisions between moving vehicles and pedestrians, indicating human error is a major factor.
2) The second most common accidents (8%) involved collisions between two vehicles.
3) Fatality rates were highest for collisions involving two vehicles or collisions with fixed objects.
4) Rear-end collisions were the most common type of collision between motor vehicles, followed by head-on collisions.
5) Drivers between 30-40 years old accounted for the highest number of accidents
Impact of Roadway Condition, Traffic and Manmade Features on Road SafetyIRJET Journal
This document discusses factors that impact road safety, including roadway conditions, traffic, and manmade features. It summarizes various studies that have examined the relationship between these factors and road accidents. Some key findings of the studies include: accident rates decrease with more homogeneous traffic flows, driver performance is reduced by phone use, and accident risk increases with higher speeds. The objectives of the proposed work are to study accident rates in relation to traffic volume, road capacity, and road/shoulder maintenance and to develop an accident prediction model. Road safety can be improved by raising awareness, developing such a model, and considering roadway, traffic, and manmade factors.
Paper makes an attempt to showcase role and importance of making roads in making urban areas safer, productive, effective, efficient better places to live and work by avoiding colossal loss of life and property due to large accidents taking place on such roads. It also brings out context, issues and options which can help in making urban roads safer. Global experiences have also been included to showcase the best practices.
Options for Making Urban Roads Safe discusses various options for improving road safety in urban areas. It notes that India has a high number of road accidents and deaths each year. Some key issues contributing to unsafe roads are a lack of priority given to road safety, poor infrastructure, mixing of vehicle types, and lack of involvement from communities and stakeholders. The document then provides numerous options that could be implemented to enhance road safety, such as establishing clear visions and targets for reducing accidents, prioritizing pedestrians and cyclists over vehicles, improving road design standards, increasing education and awareness programs, strengthening legal frameworks, and improving enforcement. Taking a holistic, collaborative approach involving all stakeholders is emphasized as important for effectively addressing the challenge of urban road safety
If cities are known to be the motive force for promoting the economy , then transportation emrges most critical for any community/city/ nation to remain effectice, efficient and productive. Transportation is becoming complex due to large varieties of vehicles occupying the road space. Categories of vehicles include fast, slow, mechanised, non-mechanised, animal/ fossil fuel driven vehicles. Looking at the entire context, traffic and travel have emerged as the two worst gifts of urbanisation. However, travel remian the most unproductive and most polluting activity when undertaken by fossil fuel driven. vehicles. City becoming source of global warming and having large carbon footprints can be attributed to the manner people are made to travel. Genesis of major transportation problems remains the way cities are planned, developed and managed.. Focus on planning for vrhilces and promoting mobility remains the major causes for transportation related problems. Paper looks at the options of making transportation more sustainable by planning for people and promoting accessibility. In additios, using technology,planning as a medium and promoting decentralized planning have been defined as the mechanism for minimising traffic related issues and reducing loss of human life on the roads, known to be one of the largest killers globally..Text also looks at few of the global.good practices to make urban roads safe and sustainable
The document discusses traffic injury prevention in India. It notes that India has a high rate of traffic fatalities that cost billions annually. Successful prevention requires collaboration across sectors and a systematic approach. A case study is presented to demonstrate injury causation analysis, which can help improve safety. The analysis used data from the accident scene, vehicles, autopsy report, and crash test data to determine that the occupant's fatal injuries were caused by the intruding vehicle door and structures due to the lack of safety features in the struck vehicle. The case highlights the need for more robust injury data and collaboration in India to enhance prevention efforts.
Sustainable Urban Transport Planning Considering Different Stakeholder Groups...BME
Sustainable urban transport requires smart and environmentally-friendly technical solutions. It also needs to meet the demands of different user groups, including current and potential future users, in order to avoid opposition of the citizens and to support sustainable development decisions. While these requirements are well-known, conducting full surveys of user needs and preferences are tedious and costly, and the interests of different user groups may be contradictory. We therefore developed a methodology based on the prevalent Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is capable of dealing with the inconsistencies and uncertainties of users’ responses by applying an Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP) through comparing the results of passengers to reference stakeholder groups. For a case study in Mersin, a coastal city in southern Turkey with 1.7 Million inhabitants, three groups were surveyed with questionnaires: 40 users of the public transport system, 40 non-users, and 17 experts. Based on interval pairwise comparison matrices, consisting of whole judgments of all groups, the IAHP methodology could attain a consensual preference ranking for a future public transportation system between the three groups. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the factor ranking was very stable.
IRJET - Road Accidents and its Preventive Measures in India: An OverviewIRJET Journal
1) Road accidents are one of the leading causes of death worldwide according to the WHO, killing over 1 million people annually. India faces significant issues with road accidents due to rapid motorization.
2) The majority of road accidents in India are attributed to human error by drivers. Other contributing factors include vehicle issues, road conditions, and environmental factors.
3) Preventive measures that could reduce accidents and fatalities include improving road and vehicle safety, enforcing traffic laws, educating drivers and the public, and enhancing emergency response. A multifaceted approach is needed to address this major public health issue.
The document discusses how a combination of community policing and information and communication technology (ICT) can be used to promote road safety in Uganda through changes in driver behavior and attitudes. It proposes a system where community members can use SMS to report unsafe driving to a central police database. This allows real-time tracking of offenders and could help enforce regulations by providing harsher punishments for repeat offenses, acting as a deterrent. The system is intended to empower community members and encourage safer driving by creating the perception of constant monitoring.
This document summarizes a case study on motorcycle accidents in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study found that motorcycle transport has grown in Tanzania and is an important form of employment and transportation, especially for youth. However, motorcycle accidents have also increased and are a major cause of death and injury. The study examined accident data and causes in three districts in Dar es Salaam through surveys of motorcyclists and passengers. It found that most accidents are caused by traffic violations and alcohol use. Recommendations include stricter licensing requirements for motorcyclists, safety training, and public education campaigns to reduce accidents.
In the early twentieth century, major representatives of the Jadid movement became active participants in the socio-political processes in the Turkestan region. Usmonkhoja Polatkhoja, a progressive from Bukhara, was one of the beams not only in the Emirate of Bukhara, but also in Turkestan. He first participated in the reforms and progressives, and later in the national liberation movements, and fought for the prosperity and independence of the country.This article provides information about Usmonkhoja's life and work in Jadidism, revolts, national liberation struggles, and emmigiration.
Flood is one of the natural disaster known to be part of the earth biophysical processes, which its occurrence can be devastating; due to mostly anthropogenic activities and climatological factors. The aim of the research is to identify and map the extent at which the impact of flood due to intense rainfall and rise in water in the study area using geospatial techniques and the specific objectives are to carry out terrain analysis of the study area and to generate flood indicator maps of the study area. The study analyzed rain fall data;, the drainage system and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 30m) of the area. ArcGIS 10.8 was to modelled and to generate the contributing factors map of the study area. The drainage system was generated through on-screen digitization of topographic map of scale 1:50,000 of Ondo South-West. The mean annual rainfall of Lagos State was generated in the ArcGIS environment from the rainfall data through spatial analysis tool. The SRTM was used in terrain analysis of the study area. The results generated showed the lowest mean annual rain fall of the area 1,700mm and the highest mean annual rain fall was 2,440mm. Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, flow direction were generated from the SRTM. Drainage density of the area was generated using the drainage system. The slope map of the entire area which are classified into five slope classes of very high (14%-48.5%) to high (7.6%-13.9%) to moderately high (4.2%-7.6%) to low (1.5%-4.2%) and very low (0. % - 1.2%).
Work study is a catch-all phrase encompassing a variety of methodologies, including method research and work measurement, that are applied in a variety of contexts and lead to a systematic assessment of all elements that affect the efficiency and economy of the situation under evaluation that is meant to be improved. The main aim of this study is to examine and enhance the process token in manufacturing a Perfume of the famous, well-known, aromatic, and beautiful Taif Roses. Some changes in the process has been suggested using method study and time study method which lead to reduction in process time, labor cost and production cost.
Workers are the maximum precious method of an association. Their importance to institutions requires not most effective the want to draw the trendy bents but additionally the need to preserve them for a long term. This paper specializes in reviewing the findings of former research carried out with the aid of colourful experimenters with the quit to identify determinants factors of hand retention. This exploration almost looked at the subsequent broad factors improvement openings, reimbursement, work- lifestyles balance, operation/ management, work terrain, social aid, autonomy, training and improvement.
Watering plants during the correct time is very important due to scientific reasons. Both underwatering, as well as overwatering, can lead to the growth of unhealthy plants or in extreme cases, the death of the plant/tree. These issues which are the case with most self-gardeners and plant lovers can be solved using the smart irrigation technique. The main purpose of this innovation is to assist plant lovers to continue their passion to grow plants at home with ease. Smart irrigation system helps in monitoring the moisture level which majorly affects plant growth besides other factors such as sunlight, fertility of the soil, etc. The digital planting pot has been designed in a way that it effectively incorporates the idea of smart irrigation. Arduino Uno R3 has been used as the main chip in this project along with a few other components like a soil moisture sensor, relay, and water pump. This project requires coding to synchronize all the components, and function properly. A required test has been carried out to review the functioning of the mechanism. The project was tested by once using the soil with enough moisture in the pot and then the soil with the least moisture. Both times, it worked exactly how it was supposed to function. When the soil with the least moisture was tested, there was a clear indication of a low level of moisture and accordingly, the water pump got triggered to water the plant, and when the soil with enough moisture was tested, there was again the clear indication of the correct level of moisture and the water pump was inactive. All the readings which were displayed on the LCD were checked back and forth during the project. The outcomes were the same as expected. Hence, it shows that every component in this project is actively functioning and the whole project is effectively designed.
Because of its accessibility and flexibility, cloud technology is among the most notable innovations in today's world. Having many service platforms, such as GoogleApps by Google, Amazon, Apple, and so on, is well accepted by large enterprises. Distributed cloud computing is a concept for enabling every-time, convenient, on-demand network access to processing resources including servers, storage devices, networks, and services that may be mutually configured. The major security risks for cloud computing as identified by the Cloud security alliance (CSA) have been examined in this study. Also, methods for resolving issues with cloud computing technology's data security and privacy protection were systematically examined.
This study's goal is to present Solutions for Determining the importance level of criteria in creating cultural resources’ attractiveness from tourists’ evaluation. Data were collected from 558 international tourists who chose Vietnam as the destination for tourism.
The study points out that we need to resolve challenges such as: building a safe, friendly destination, etc., destinations need to review and re-evaluate the services of their products and tourist attractions to prepare for the largest number of visitors and stimulate the domestic tourism market is a good solution: To boost the domestic tourism market, it is necessary to increase domestic flights and train connections to major tourist destinations.
A new convenient and efficient route for the synthesis of two very important hydroxo-bridged stepped-cubane copper complexes viz: [Cu4(bpy)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (1) and [Cu4(phen)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (2) have been obtained. This synthetic route from the mononuclear CubpyCl2 complex is easier, more reproducible and afforded the complex in a much higher yield than the other two previously reported procedures which were equally serendipitously discovered. The purity and formation of the complexes were confirmed with elemental (C,H,N) analysis and the details of the UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared, electrospray ionization mass spectra of both complexes and the single crystal X-ray crystallography of 1 are presented and discussed. X-ray crystallography confirms the absolute structure of the complexes. The complexes were formed via the connection of four copper atoms to four hydroxide bridging ligands and four bipyridyl ligands with two chloride ligands. There are two coordinate environments around two pairs of copper atoms (CuN2ClO2 and CuN2O3) and each copper atom is pentacoordinate with square pyramidal geometry.
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., which is commonly known as jackfruit is a tropical fruit, belonging to Moraceae family, native to Western Ghats of India and common in Asia, Africa, and some regions in South America. It is known to be the largest edible fruit in the world. The Jackfruit is an extremely versatile and sweet tasting fruit that possess high nutritional value. Jackfruit is rich in nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. The jackfruit has diverse medicinal uses especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties, anticancer and antifungal activity, anthelminthic activity. Traditionally, this plant is used in the treatment of various diseases especially for treatment against inflammation, malarial fever, diarrhoea, diabetes and tapeworm infection. Jackfruit is a good natural source of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids and tannins, saponins. The health benefits of jackfruit have been attributed to its wide range of physicochemical applications. The use of jackfruit bulbs and its parts has also been reported since ancient times for their therapeutic qualities. The beneficial physiological effects may also have preventive application in a variety of pathologies.
Myogenic differentiation requires to be exactly explored for the effective treatment of fracture. The speed of healing is affected by skeletal muscle, linked to activation of specific myogenic transcription factors during the repair process. In previous study, we discovered that psoralen enhanced differentiation of osteoblast in primary mouse. In the current study, we show that psoralen stimulates myogenic differentiation through the secretion of factors to hone the quality of repair in fractured mice. 3-month old mice were treated with corn oil or psoralen followed by a tibial fracture surgery. Fractures were tested 7, 14, and 21 days respectively later by histology and images observation. Skeletal muscles including soleus muscle and posterior tibial muscle around the damaged bone were collected for quantitative real-time PCR, HE staining, as well as western blot. Daily treatment with psoralen at seven, fourteen days or twenty-one days improves protein or mRNA levels responsible for the whole myogenic differentiation process, makes the muscle fibers more tightly aligned, and promotes callus formation and development. This data shows that high levels of myogenic transcription factors in the process of fracture healing in mice foster the repair of damaged muscles, and indicates a pharmacological approach that targets myogenic differentiation to improve fracture repair. This also reflects the academic thought of "paying equal attention to both muscles and bones" in the prevention and treatment of fracture healing.
The current pandemic has generated the search for new reliable and economic alternatives for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which produces the COVID-19 disease, one of the recommendations by the World Health Organization, is the detection of the virus by RT-qPCR methods from upper respiratory tract samples. The discomfort of the pharyngeal nasopharyngeal swab described by patients, the requirement of trained personnel, and the generation of aerosols, are factors that increase the risk of infections in this type of intake. It is known that the main means of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through aerosols or small droplets, which is why saliva is important as a relevant means of detecting COVID-19. In this study, a modified method based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA release from saliva is described, avoiding the isolation and purification of the genetic material and its quantification of viral copies; the results are compared with paired pharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab samples (EF/EN). Results showed good agreement in saliva samples compared to EF/EN samples. On average, a sensitivity for virus detection of 80% was demonstrated in saliva samples competing with EF/EN samples. The use of saliva is a reliable alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by means of RT-PCR in the first days of infection, having important advantages over the conventional method. Saliva still needs to be studied completely to evaluate the detection capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, however, the described process is viable, due to the decrease in materials and supplies, process times, the increment in the sampling and improvement of laboratory performance.
A recent study establishes that since 1970, there has been an ecological gap between human needs and the planet's resources, with annual resource demand exceeding the bio-productivity of the planet. Specifically, humanity utilises equivalent of 1.75 earths to produce the ecological resources used, with half of this attributable to food consumption. The present work therefore seeks to provide an empirically-based insight into the environmental sustainability of the EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used, and primary data were collected from 400 systemically sampled households via structured questionnaires and analysed descriptively using Microsoft Excel and inferentially using mathematical models for calculating ecological footprints. Findings revealed that the household EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode is 0.05gha per capita, with the footprint of cereal consumption (0.17gha; 37%) taking the major share, followed by meat with a footprint of 0.11gha (23.9%). As a result, it was concluded that Ijebu Ode has sustainable food consumption, which is necessary for its environmental sustainability. However, the sustenance of the former requires creating awareness of the need for sustainable consumption and prioritisation of integrated and population-wide policies and food intervention initiatives to encourage attitudinal change in favour of sustainable food consumption while fostering sustainable food production strategies amidst current environmental realities.
The symmetry occurs in most of the phenomena explained by physics, for example, a particle has positive or negative charges, and the electric dipoles that have the charge (+q) and (-q) which are at a certain distance (d), north or south magnetic poles and for a magnetic bar or magnetic compass with two poles: North (N) and South (S) poles, spins up or down of the electron at the atom and for the nucleons in the nucleus In this form, the particle should also have mass symmetry. For convenience and due to later explanations, I call this mass symmetry or mass duality as follows: mass and mass cloud. The mass cloud is located in the respective orbitals given by the Schrödinger equation. The orbitals represent the possible locations or places of the particle which are determined probabilistically by the respective Schröndiger equation.
Metal-organic molybdenum complexes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using ammonium heptamolybdate as the metallic source, and as the organic ligand terephthalic acid (BDC) or bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), obtained via glycolysis of poly(ethylene)terephthalate (PET). The BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo complexes were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TGA, ATR-FTIR, SEM, XPS and their in vitro biocompatibility was tested by porcine fibroblasts viability. The results show that molybdates (MoO4-2) are coordinated to the carbonyl functional groups of BDC and BHET by urea bonding (-NH-CO-NH-) which is related to their high biocompatibility and high thermal stability. These organic molybdate complexes possess rectangular prism particles made up of rods arrays characteristics of molybdenum oxides (MoO3). The organic complexes BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo do not show to be cytotoxic for porcine dermal fibroblasts growing on their surface for up to 48 h of culture.
Exercise training with varying intensity increases maximal oxygen intake (VO2max), a strong predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Purpose: The aim of this study was to find out the influence of low intensity aerobic training on the vo2 max in 11 to 14 years school girls in Hyderabad district. Methodology: The research scholar has randomly selected thirty (N=30) high school girls were selected as subjects and their age ranged between 11 to 14 years. The subjects were divided into two equal groups, each group consist of 15 total 30. Group one acted as experimental group (EG) and group two acted as control group (CG). The dependent variable vo2 max was selected and it is measured by manual test. Statistical Tool: The statistical tool paired sample ‘t’ test was used for analysing of the data and the obtained ‘t’ ratio was tested for significance at 0.05 level of confidence. Results: The analysis of the data revealed that there was a significant improvement on vo2 max by the application of low intensity aerobic.
Hybrid rice has the potential to outperform existing inbred rice and was said to have the potential to produce 14-20 % more yield. In response, Malaysia Government has introduced its very own first Hybrid Rice Variety knew as Kadaria 1 developed by MARDI. This is in line with one of the strategies outlined in Dasar Agromakanan Negara (DAN) 2011-2020 as an approach to increasing rice productivity within Malaysia. The next step would be developing our hybrid seed rice production system. Therefore, an experiment to determine the planting ratio and planting distance between 0025A (A)-a hybrid with MR283 (R)-inbreed variety was carried out. Planting ratios studied in this study were 2:4, 2:6, 2:8, and 2:10 while planting distance was 14 x 30 cm, 16 x 30 cm, and 18 x 30 cm. Statistical analyses suggested that yield R, yield A, and panicle number A were significantly affected by planting ratios while yield A was significantly affected by an interaction between planting distance and planting ratios. Panicle number A performed significantly higher at planting ratios of 2:4 compared to 2:10. Yield R shows higher significant performance under ratio 2:6 compared to 2:4 and 2:8. Relatively, yield A performed the best under planting distance of 18 x 30 cm. Furthermore, under this particular planting distance, the planting ratio of 2:10 shows the highest significant figure while 2:8 exhibits statistical parity. Both yield R and yield A were significantly affected by planting ratios and have a significant positive association with each other. Therefore, the planting ratio of 2:10 should be the best since it contributed to significantly highest value for yield A while yield R under 2:10 shows statistical parity with 2:6 which was the highest significant value. In conclusion, the combination of 2:10 with a planting distance of 18 x 30 cm was the best since it shows best potential for both yields A and yield R
This document summarizes a study on cassava production systems in the Tivaouane department of Senegal. Key findings include:
- Cassava is an important crop for food security but production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries.
- The study examined farming practices through surveys of 85 producers in 8 communes across two agro-ecological zones.
- Analysis showed cassava is only grown during rainy season with traditional cultivation methods. Four of five recommended varieties were grown, with different varieties preferred in each zone.
Cassava plays an important role in improving food security and reducing poverty in rural areas. Despite its importance, its production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries. Nowadays, it is confronted with numerous constraints. It is in this context that a study was conducted on the cassava production system in the Thiès "cassava granary" region, with the objective of examining farmers' cultivation practices. It was conducted in eight communes located in the department of Tivaouane, some of which are located in the Niayes agro-ecological zone and others in the central-northern groundnut basin. Surveys were conducted among the largest cassava producers in these communes. Analysis of the results showed that cassava is only grown in the rainy season with the same cultivation practices that have been used for years. Of the five varieties listed by the President of the Senegalese Cassava Interprofession, only four are grown in the areas surveyed. The Terrasse (43%) and Kombo (36%) varieties are grown more by our respondents in the Niayes area. Soya (75%) and Wallet "Parydiey" (20% of our sample) dominate in the central-northern groundnut basin.
We are witnessing very demanding and stressful times in which we live, and an occupation that is particularly exposed to stress and different working conditions is the job of a nurse. Exposing themselves to everyday challenges and stressful situations, nurses reach a stage of great emotional and physical exhaustion, lethargy, dissatisfaction, and poorer work achievements, which we know as burnout. The aim of this paper was to determine whether there is and to what extent professional burnout is present in nurses and technicians working in nursing homes across Slovenia and Croatia. The paper is answering the questions of the extent of the burnout influenced by individual characteristics (age, education, years of service and work experience at the current workplace). The study involved a validated questionnaire “The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI)” to measure professional burnout. Surveying of the nurses was conducted online at their home institutions. The results show that all respondents have a medium or high level of professional burnout, while no one has a low level or shows no signs of burnout. In terms of age, the group from 55-65 years of age had the highest relative level of burnout in the age group category. With regard to education, the highest burnout was measured in registered nurses.
This document discusses hepatitis and its transmission through needlestick injuries. It covers the different types of hepatitis viruses, their epidemiology, risk factors, and transmission. Healthcare workers are at high risk of contracting hepatitis B and C through needlestick injuries involving contaminated needles and sharps. Dental professionals face increased risk due to exposure to blood and saliva. The document recommends vaccination, safe handling of needles and sharps, and post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent transmission of hepatitis viruses occupationally.
More from Associate Professor in VSB Coimbatore (20)
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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greenhouse gas emissions, time wasted, and health repercussions (De Souza et al., 2017). In many large cities,
traffic congestion is one of the most pressing challenges concerning sustainability and liveability. The situation in
developing countries' burgeoning megacities, in particular, has deteriorated and is now drawing considerable
attention from experts and politicians (Zhao & Hu 2019). This recommends that this issue develop exponentially,
and it should be persistently addressed to turn away its negative results. In this situation, modern nations can rely
on traffic management technologies to alleviate traffic congestion and its harmful consequences (Hopkins &
McKay 2019).
Traffic violations can be avoided if law enforcement is visible on the road (Rolison et al., 2018). One of the most
important functions of traffic enforcement is to discourage road users from committing offenses resulting in
accidents and injury. When it comes to traffic behaviour, it is widely acknowledged that most road users break
traffic laws to some extent, such as speeding, driving in the wrong lane, having failed to slow down at an
intersection, failing to stop before a pedestrian crossing, drinking while driving—the most common violation in
motorists failing to wear a helmet (Uzondu et al., 2020). In addition, people go to work, school, shop, and so on
daily, causing a scramble for the right-of-way among all road users. Frequently causes what is known as traffic
conflict. As a result, traffic officers are responsible for resolving traffic conflicts to ensure the free flow of traffic
and safe driving (Dorohin et al., 2018).
In the present Traffic policing techniques and practices, officers are uncertain about traffic enforcement goals,
which appear to be hurting road safety. Mohlala (2017) said that traffic enforcers need to be visible to deal with the
lawlessness of the violation on all significant offenses. To solve the issues, Ramavhunga (2018) proposed the
following: training to increase the competence of traffic cops; on-going training to improve efficiency; greater
state engagement to increase to make training more effective, increase its efficiency and diversify it.
Like those in other countries, traffic enforcers in the Philippines are responsible for ensuring the safety of those
who use the roads. It is well acknowledged that while it is impossible to prevent car collisions, trained traffic
enforcers can help to prevent or mitigate some of the injuries and severity. They must ensure that everyone follows
the traffic laws, identify those who break the rules and then punish those who do. Enforcement activities, like any
other, become more effective when they are problem-oriented, targeted, have specific objectives and success
criteria, and are monitored in terms of process and product. The most common cause of road traffic collisions is
drivers' lack of awareness of traffic laws and regulations and their refusal to follow them.
The 1987 Philippine Constitution Article II Section 5, clearly stipulates the protection of life and the general
welfare of its people. However, insurance of this protection and welfare depends on the capacity of the enforcers
tasked with this matter. On the other hand, this capacity depends on how trained and knowledgeable these people
are. Therefore, under the mandates of the Philippine Constitution, R.A 4136 creates the basic Law regulating rules
and the creation of a land transportation commission in the Philippines.
This study extends a careful investigation of the lived experiences of Traffic enforcers in Ozamiz City. It employs
this information to develop various procedures and techniques that improve existing circumstances. It gives a
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classification, review, problems, and prospects for officers in enforcing traffic laws, all with this subject in mind.
With the help of randomly selected traffic management enforcers in Ozamiz City, this study can achieve its
purpose and function of addressing the problem of Traffic in Ozamiz City.
2. Materials and Methods
The qualitative research method was applied in this study. The project was carried out using a phenomenological
methodology. Following Moustakas' transcendental phenomenology, it is the process of interpreting data from
research participants to obtain meaningful themes (Moustakas, 1994). A philosophy of experience is
phenomenology. The ultimate source of all meaning and value for phenomenology is human beings' lived
experience. This research design is suited to explore the lived experiences of traffic enforcers in Ozamiz City. The
researchers interviewed the randomly selected traffic enforcers in Ozamiz City to know what their experiences in
fulfilling their duties. This study was conducted in Ozamiz City. The researchers‟ subject for interview is located
in the Public mall, Zamora Street, Ozamiz city. The study was conducted for the randomly selected traffic
enforcers in Ozamiz City. Moreover, there were seven (7) traffic enforcers purposely selected to be part of the
respondents of the research study. The respondent was selected through the following criteria: Within who is a
traffic enforcer; must have an experience at least 2 years. The study was conducted at Public Mall, Zamora Street,
Ozamiz City for the randomly selected traffic enforcers in Ozamiz City. The researchers identify the traffic
enforcers through their uniforms and assigned positions. The chief of City Traffic Management Services (CTMS)
approved the researchers to interview his colleagues on the said office in Public Mall area. This study used the
researcher-made interview guide. The tool contains questions that obtain the experience of traffic enforcers in the
city area. The instrument is composed of opening questions to obtain the needed profile of the respondents, the
core questions, and the closing questions. Further, during the conduct of the interview, the researcher recorded the
conversation for future reference during the data interpretation. Moreover, aside from recording the interview and
survey process, the researcher prepared a recording sheet to answer and record the important points given by the
participants. The data collection was done seriously in order to obtain the reliable information from the selected
traffic enforcers. The interview was not conducted without their personal consent through allowing them to sign
the informed consent form prepared by the researcher. Their refusal to participate does not involve any penalty or
loss of benefits and their signed consent does not mean of waiving any legal claims, rights or remedies from this
study. In regards to the participants' identity, the researcher applied the measure to promote anonymity and secrecy
through not mentioning the names of our participants during the conduct of interview, instead the researcher
addressed them with sir and ma'am. No names of the participants in any manner that were reflected in the results
and manuscript of the study. Their attendance and signature in the informed consent were kept with utmost
confidentiality and lock in the secured cabinet or locker until it needs to be deposed.
In the entire process of the study, the welfare of the participants was the priority of the researcher. Privacy and
confidentiality were observed at all times, particularly name of the participants and other information unnecessary
to the study. The researcher adhere the guidelines set by the Republic Act No. 10173 known as the “Data Privacy
Act of 2012”. The researcher informed them to read thoroughly the statement and agreement in the informed
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consent. And for clarity, the researchers loudly read the information from the informed consent and explain the
content in the local dialect or in language they can understand directly. After the participants sign the form, the
respondents distribute the copy of the informed consent.
Responses of the participants of the study were analyzed through the NVivo software that produces the final
themes of the study.
3. Results and Discussions
This part presented the different themes that were derived from the different responses of the participants of the
study during the conduct of the interview.
The study explored the lived experiences of traffic enforcers in Ozamiz city using the qualitative research method
through Moustakas' transcendental phenomenology and participated by seven selected traffic enforcers. Purposive
sampling was used to select the participants. The selections were based on the following inclusion criteria: Within
who is a traffic enforcer; must have an experience at least 2 years.
3.1. Profile of the participants
The respondents that the researchers randomly selected are having at least two (2) years‟ work experience and
those experiences in two years may be in the field, not in the office as shown in table 1. These traffic enforcers that
the researchers randomly select are living within the city of Ozamiz, and they all finished a high school degree and
some of them are college undergraduate. They are also motorists and they know how to properly follow the traffic
rules and at the same time, a traffic enforcer.
Furthermore, the study participants' ages varied from 35 to 55 years old, according to their responses. The two of
the respondents are single, while the other five are already married. The study included 1 female participant and 6
male participants.
Table 3.1. Profile of the Participants
Code
Name
Age
Length of
Service
Educational
Attainment
Civil Status Gender
R1 44 10 High School Graduate Married Male
R2 35 4 College Level Married Male
R3 50 15 College Level Married Male
R4 46 11 College Level Single Male
R5 55 21 College Level Single Female
R6 48 13 High School Graduate Married Male
R7 40 8 College Level Married Male
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3.2. The Lived Experience of the Traffic Enforcers
There were two (2) themes identified such as: (1) Adversity in the fulfilment of duties, (2) Encountering
Harassment, Resistance, and Threats from the Motorists.
3.2.1. Adversity in the Fulfilment of Duties
As a traffic enforcer performing your duties, an enforcer should be flexible in his/her work. Traffic enforcers
everyday faced different adversities in the performance of their duties, but they find ways and manage to solve the
situation. Some of these adversities are approaching undisciplined drivers, passengers and pedestrians, not
following the traffic laws and handling the traffic and violators while raining. Unfortunately, road users have a
little road sense and perhaps, no respect for the traffic rules which often leads to road misunderstanding or worse,
could lead to an accident. (Shinar, 2017). These are evident in the results of the interview conducted. These were
the shared experiences of the participants:
Table 3.2.1. Adversity in the Fulfilment of Duties
Participants Result
R3 The hardest part of performing our duties is to control violators, but we
can all somehow manage the challenge.
R5 The hardest part of being traffic enforcer is when there is a collision and
then it rained.
R6 Then the heavy rain is also difficult in this job but you still need to do
your duties as a traffic enforcer.
The phenomenon like rain, collision is unpredictable because it can happen either day and night. When there is a
rain and the traffic is busy, the traffic enforcers continue to fulfil their duties. With the rain and a collision of
vehicles, they continue to manage the traffic to have a smooth continuous flow. It is a challenge for the traffic
enforcers to experience these adversities at the same time and a motorist that violates the traffic rules is also
stubborn. Road transport safety, particularly enforcement of traffic laws is challenging globally, especially in
developing countries, where it affects both road users and governments. Due to a number of reasons the subculture
of traffic and other law enforcement agents is not always viewed in a favorable light (Jiang, et al., 2017). It is
generally accepted that it is not possible to completely prevent vehicle crashes, but that some of the injuries and
severity can be prevented or minimized by skilled traffic enforcer. The most cause of road traffic collisions is
drivers ' lack of awareness about traffic regulations and laws, and drivers ' failure to comply with traffic rules and
regulations. Thus, Borlongan (2007) emphasized that traffic laws should be strictly enforced in the highly
urbanized Philippine cities; hence, traffic enforcers (Cruz, et al., 2021).
Media reports and newspaper articles give evidence of a total disregard for law enforcement and lack of respect for
law enforcement officials. The study found that of lack of good managerial skills, lack of motivation to work,
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shortage of staff, lack of modern equipment and lack of training as challenges (Deuchar et al., (2019). According to
Al Mazruii (2015), Traffic enforcing goals are unclear to officers in current traffic policing strategies and practices,
and this appeared to have a negative impact on road safety achievement. Al Khaldi (2006) concluded that negative
attitudes and practice of a driver can only be addressed by the traffic enforcer with aggressive enforcement of the
regulation. Mohlala (2017) further concluded that traffic enforcers‟ presence must have high visibility, as defined,
to deal with the lawlessness of the breach on all serious offences (Cruz et al., 2021).
The first identified theme implies that the traffic enforcers faced adversities in performing their duties. As a traffic
enforcer, they can be flexible in their duties despite the situations they faced in order to solve the problem in a
respectful manner. It is part of a traffic enforcer‟s duty to control traffic violators and be able to manage the
situation.
3.2.2. Encountering Harassment, Resistance, and Threats from the Motorists
Encountering harassment, resistance, and threats is usually felt by anybody who implement the law and order for
some violators insist that they did nothing wrong (Nadal,2020). The majority of traffic cops have been harassed
and have had unpleasant interactions with violators, who are highly arrogant in their approach to the problem
(Pryce et al., 2021). These are the sentiment of the participants:
Table 3.2.2. Encountering Harassment, Resistance, and Threats form the Motorists
Participants Result
R1 Those drivers that is unapproachable and aggressive; Sometimes, when
I faced drivers that I cannot handle anymore because they are very
arrogant.
R2 Most of the time there are drivers with high temper, no patience, and
arrogant; The challenges I encountered the most is the sidecar drivers
because they are the number one violators, sometimes arrogant and
sometimes, doing illegal parking.
R4 There are also violators who will not obey our orders, stating that we do
our job as traffic enforcers; I encountered in performing my duties is
mostly when I apprehend the violator with the right approach, states to
the violator about his/her violation and make him understand that it is a
violation, then they will get angry at me because they will insist that it is
not a violation.
R5 There are a lot of challenges that I encountered in performing my duty.
Example of that is one of the drivers are threatening our traffic enforcers
saying that, “I will comeback for you, just wait for it.
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R6 There are times when the violators are told of their mistakes and they
showed us an angry and arrogant attitude instead of accepting their
mistakes. They are acting rude and did not admit of their actions.
R7 That is why most of them are really angry and if we do not talk to them in
a proper and calm way.
When traffic enforcers apprehend a violator who is arrogant and believes they are above the law, they frequently
face these circumstances. Resistance is a regular issue because the violator will insist that they did nothing wrong
and that they are correct while you are not. And threat is what they are scared of since it causes danger and, as a
result, it lowers their self-esteem because they no longer feel safe. These are evident in the results of the interview
conducted. Traffic enforcers are also human being they have feelings too, when motorist harassed, resist, and
threats traffic enforcers they felt unsafe in everyday they are conducting traffic and even in their house to their
families. All of the traffic enforcer have already experienced this kind of situation and some of them are used to it
but, sometimes when facing harassment, resistance and threats it is also safe to call back-up or police officers.
The diversified attitudes of motorists present a new dimension of risk. There have been numerous incidents in
which traffic officers have been subjected to harassment, resistance, and threats from irritated motorists
(Guangzhou, 2020). Worse, some had become death treats victims, putting their own lives in danger. It is evident
that some motorists may become cocky and arrogant when dealing with traffic violations (Hock, 2021).
3.3. The Coping Mechanism used by the Traffic Enforcers
Coping from the responses of participants, three (3) emergent themes were developed, these are the following: (1)
Seeking Police Assistance in responding Aggressive Motorists, (2) Responding with Calmness, Patience, and
Respect to the Motorist, and (3) Obedience to Traffic Rules.
3.3.1. Seeking Police Assistance in Responding Aggressive Motorists
Anyone in the country seeks assistance to the Law Enforcement Officer especially when an argument does not go
well (Gibbs & Haas, 2020). Most of the aggressive motorists are subject to Police assistance, particularly those
narcissists they think they are special people who deserve special treatment. When they do not get the special
treatment, they think they deserve, narcissists often lash out at others in an aggressive manner. Narcissists might
think they “own the road” and can drive anyway they want, and that other driver should get out of their way
(Bushman, et al., 2018). These are evident in the results of the interview conducted. These were statements of the
participants:
Table 3.3.1. Seeking Police Assistance in Responding Aggressive Motorists
Participants Result
R1 Sometimes when I faced drivers that I cannot handle anymore because
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they are very arrogant, I will automatically call the police or back-up so
that driver will be faced with disciplinary measures or his driver’s
license will be confiscated or forfeited.
R5 We can arrest them and turned over to the police. The police will take
care of them so I suggest follow the orders and the rules.
R7 When there is a collision, we immediately call the police investigators
because we are just assisting in the incident.
Traffic enforcers have been given the authority to apprehend violators and contact the police for assistance for the
motorists to be given any disciplinary measures. They usually requested police assistance when a motorist
displayed extremely disrespectful and violent behavior that our traffic enforcers could no longer handle. Some of
the motorists often do not respect our traffic enforcers and act arrogant until a police officer assists them in
apprehending the motorists. They also ask for help when they arrest a driver for a traffic offense or when an
accident occurs and they will be the one to manage the traffic while the police officers do their traffic investigation.
3.3.2. Responding with Calmness, Patience, and Respect to the Motorist
Calmness is the state of being even-tempered despite with the stressful situation (Aulia, 2019). The patience is the
ability to stay calm in enduring difficult circumstances (Pawl, et al., 2021). And respect is having a positive
response or treating them with politeness (Christie, 2018). Responding them with calmness, patience and respect
is a common courtesy of being a traffic enforcer which they should embark to avoid any conflict. These traits allow
the traffic enforcers to have a smooth conversation towards the violator which they tend to address the issue
quickly without causing any trouble. Responded by the participants:
Table 3.3.2. Responding with Calmness, Patience, and Respect to the Motorist
Participants Result
R3 Give them respect and right approach so that there will be no
misunderstanding.
R4 As an enforcer, I should be calm as always despite situation like this.
Through being calm and make the violators understand about his
violation.
R5 In order to stick with that situation, you really need to be patient and
stay calm.
R6 If there are drivers with bad habits, I will remain myself calm even if
they say hurtful words towards me. I just need to extend my patience to
them instead of fighting.
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R7 That is why most of them are really angry and if we do not talk to them in
a proper and calm way. We need to talk to them calmly so that the
conversation ended up okay.
As a traffic enforcer, maximum tolerance may be applied at all situations especially in approaching motorists. It is
important that enforcers approach them calmly, be patient, and respect them in order to solve whatever situation
they are in. No matter how rude and disrespectful the motorists are, traffic enforcers must maintain their calm,
longer patience, and respect to avoid arising conflicts. Traffic enforcers, motorists, all of us can benefit to this if
everyone is disciplined enough to follow our traffic rules.
Responding with calmness, patience and respect to the motorist are highly necessary in a practical manner to make
a certain interactional harmony between motorists and to allow effectiveness in dealing with the violators.
Depending on the kind of claims which are settled, the traffic enforcer is should be implemented with high virtues
in taking certain actions, or by implementing traffic laws and order for enforcement action. In certain situation like
aggressive motorists the traffic enforcer should responds with calm, patience and respects which is necessary to
prevent going deep in the situation. To minimize the misunderstandings between motorists that have traffic
violations, it is essential that the traffic enforcers treat them with high regards despite with their looks.
3.3.3. Obedience to Traffic Rules
The primary point of traffic laws is safety, but also keeping order. Following traffic laws is one of the most
essential aspects of driving and can increase your safety as well as of the people around you. Knowing the traffic
rules in our region and applying them can prevent us from getting involved in a car accident and save us the pain
and costs of a traffic ticket due to a violation. If we do not have any traffic laws there would be chaos on the roads
and many disasters could happen (Loder, et al., 2019). Shared by the participants:
Table 3.3.3. Obedience to Traffic Rules
Participants Result
R1 You have to encourage everyone to obey the traffic law and most
importantly, you have to be patient because it is not an easy job.
R3 To obey the law and most importantly, you have to be patient because it
is not an easy job.
R4 Always follow the traffic rules because if not, violators will be issued
with a ticket.
R5 What would I suggest to the drivers who do not want to obey the traffic
law is that they should obey on it because it is a city ordinance that has
been implemented. Wherever they are, there is always a city ordinance
that they need to comply.
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It is important to follow all traffic laws to keep everyone safe on road. The amount of traffic accidents and losses
drops significantly when people are obeying the rules on the road. Sometimes we forget what a big responsibility it
is to drive carefully. Traffic laws are designed to protect you and other drivers on the streets. If we do not follow
them we are not only putting ourselves in risk but also other innocent people (Khan, et al., 2020).
By knowing the rules of the road, practicing good driving skills, you help play a vital role in preventing a crash.
You will also be making the safety policies more effective. Many components play a major role in road
safety including speed limits that are posted and making sure safety equipment is properly installed and used.
Rules are the foundation of society. If there are no rules everyone would do whatever they want and have serious
consequences (Hong et al., 2019).
The last identified theme is showing the importance to follow traffic rules. Obeying traffic rules is one of the safest
methods to avoid accidents in the road. It can help our traffic enforcers in their duties and the motorists on the road.
It can lead to a proper flow of the traffic and can be easily managed by our traffic enforcers. Everyone should
follow the traffic rules to have a harmonious flow of the traffic. If everyone is disciplined, fewer accidents occur.
Obeying traffic laws is a simple yet often overlooked action to prevent accidents. Even the slightest error can lead
to accidents. When it comes to driving, obeying traffic rules and using common sense are essential. Traffic rules
are in place to help protect you and others while operating a vehicle on the road. Make sure you know the rules and
that you apply them to your own driving every day. When everyone is following the rules, the road is more
organized, more efficient, and most importantly safer. There are a few traffic violations that are popularly
disregarded, but if ignored even at the slightest can cause a major accident (Ren, et al., 2021).
In summary, the result are all about how obedient the motorists are in following the traffic rules and regulations,
and whatever might happen in the road the traffic enforcers must be versatile in fulfilment of their duties, whatever
scenarios, crisis might happen to the road is it collision, harassment, resistance, threats and aggressiveness from
the motorist be always versatile. Also, don't forget to respond with calmness, patience and respect to the motorists
as well, and if things go beyond the traffic enforcers control then it needs the traffic enforcers to seek assistance to
the police for the motorist to be controlled.
4. Conclusions
After data collection with participants in the study, the research revealed the following findings, which were
grouped together by themes such as Adversity in the fulfilment of duties; Encountering Harassment, Resistance,
and Threats from the Motorists; Seeking Police Assistance in responding Aggressive Motorists; Responding with
Calmness, Patience, and Respect to the Motorist and Obedience to Traffic Rules. These are the common lived
experiences of the traffic enforcers in Ozamiz City based on the results of the interview being conducted by the
researcher. Based on the findings of the study, it shows that majority of the traffic enforcers encountered
harassment, resistance and threats from the motorists. Some motorists are unapproachable, aggressive and too
arrogant violators that still insist that they did not commit any traffic violations. Through this, the enforcers will
have no choice but to issue a ticket or call the police for assistance. Even though the violator shows rude behavior,
the traffic enforcer still manages to maintain calm, patient and respect to the motorists in handling the situation.
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5. Recommendations
It was recommended that the traffic enforcers of Ozamiz City may continue to show calm, patience and respect
towards handling the rude behaviour of a certain motorist who violates the traffic law. However, if the arguments
are going too far and the motorist is showing aggressiveness towards the traffic enforcer then it is safe to call for
back up or police assistance. The Chief of the CTMS may continue to conduct more trainings and workshops
pertaining to traffic management among traffic enforcers. To those who want to be a traffic enforcer in the city of
Ozamiz, he/she must know some knowledge about the traffic law and have an appealing attitude in apprehending
violators.
Declarations
Source of Funding
This research work did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing Interests Statement
The authors declare no competing financial, professional and personal interests.
Consent for publication
Authors declare that they consented for the publication of this research work.
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