Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly found coronavirus that causes an infectious disease. Infected patients may develop mild to moderate respiratory infections and recover without the need for specific treatment. Barangay Tanods is at the forefront of maintaining peace and order. They are made up of civilian volunteers who protect the community from irregular forces while also demonstrating their commitment to crime prevention by acting as deterrents to criminals, particularly in places where police are scarce. The BPAT is a national program of the PNP to encourage people empowerment from the community to address the real-time response in case a need arises, be it peace and order, security, or rescue related matters. The study will utilize a descriptive type of research. A descriptive type of research accurately and systematically describes the responses of the population considered in a particular study. The results revealed that the overall performance of barangay tanod was excellent, regardless of age, educational attainment, or gender. There were no significant differences in the performance of tanods divided into different groups. On the other hand, the delivery of BPAT services for crime prevention needs to be enhanced. The goal of this research is to assess the BPAT’s performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the urban barangays in Ozamiz City, which includes the following: Barangay Aguada, Barangay Carmen Annex and Barangay Catadman in terms of patrolling, cooperation with other barangay officials, and health and safety protocol execution.
Peacekeeping is the important function of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in their respective barangay, BPAT visibility is the one main focus of this peacekeeping activity. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in regards to their skills in patrolling, identifying violation in the community, basic self-defense skills and crowd control skills of selected Barangays in the City of Ozamiz during COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers employed a descriptive-correlational type of research characterized by gathering data from 100 respondents from the selected barangays in Ozamiz City. Moreover, survey questionnaire was used to gather the data. Furthermore, mean and standard deviation were the statistical tool used in the data analysis. Results revealed that the majority of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) officers were very responsive in safeguarding and patrolling the neighborhood during the day and night while on the state/verge of pandemic. BPAT officers are highly knowledgeable and visible in securing their respective communities through ronda or patrol activity. BPAT officers also perform intelligence monitoring during the pandemic. The findings may provide additional information to the PNP and may give insights to the institution for the improvement of the performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) at the barangay level. Lastly this study recommends to maintain the BPAT’s excellent performance, and if possible to retrain them in upgrading the skills, and to have constant monitoring and evaluation of their performance and to establish a wider coverage of study or can be done to the entire city.
This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design to gather data from 65 respondents in the 50th barangay of Ozamiz City. An adapted survey questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering data for the study. Results revealed that the level of effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in relation to public safety and the implementation of curfew hours as perceived by the 50th Barangay Resident of Ozamiz City was very effective in the level of implementation of curfew hours. While in the problems encountered by the responders during the implementation of curfew for Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) resulted as not serious. As to the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) the result revealed satisfactory ratings among the BPAT. And lastly, the level of public safety of the 50th barangay residents got a safe rating by the community. The researcher recommended that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action team are encouraged to continue their effectiveness in the implementation of curfew hours and public safety. Furthermore, this study will show the barangay peacekeeping action team's dedication to their duty to maintaining peace and order in their community.
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera have recently become an indispensable part of daily life. Cameras are of vital importance as significant elements of security systems in different buildings and establishments such as houses, stores, and shopping malls. Also, millions of CCTV cameras are installed in streets with the goal of reducing crimes, preventing crimes, and increasing public safety. Effectiveness of the installation of CCTV cameras in relation to crime prevention aims to determine the effectiveness of CCTV cameras in the selected barangays of Ozamiz City, usefulness in crime prevention with respect to traffic violations, crimes against person and crimes against properties and to propose an action-based plan based on the results of the study. The study utilized descriptive-correlational design, mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the gathered data. Results revealed that the installation of CCTV cameras are very effective in crime prevention as it monitors and records the scenes 24/7 that can help in solving any reported crimes such as theft or robbery incident. Moreover, the installation of CCTV cameras is very useful in crimes against person and crimes against properties as well as in preventing traffic violations because CCTV can be used as evidence in court, and it will help the authorities solve any crimes and when drivers are aware that CCTV are monitoring the roads and traffic, they will adhere to the laws set by the authorities for fear of getting penalized.
In a fire incident, fire fighters struggle too much for the safety of our communities. This study explored the challenges encountered by the BFP of Ozamiz City in responding fire incidents. It utilized the phenomenological research design. It was participated by the Bureau of Fire Protection in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. Interview responses were analyzed using Moussakas' Transcendental phenomenological reduction. This study generated five themes: (1) Scarcity in Responding Fire Incident, (2) An Arduous work that Demands Physical and Psychological Strength, (3) Frustration in the Work, (4) Collaboration and Cooperation in Fire Safety and Prevention, (5) Serving the People. In this study, the researcher analyzed the data using the narrative and phenomenology methods of Moustakas for the gathering of information through open-ended and conversational communication. As a result, most of the participants have different challenges encountered in responding fire incident. These challenges made an impact physically and mentally which is extremely stressful and draining during a fire incident. On the other hand, the participants have learned how to maintain active connection with the public, promote fire safety, and raise the number of force multipliers. Further, the BFP should have the full support of the community when an emergency occurs. Lastly, the participants have sensible of their actions. To mitigate firefighter life-safety concerns and achieve successfully fireground outcomes, it is critically important for firefighters to have the necessary preparedness capabilities to respond. Firefighter preparedness consists of technical and contextual knowledge, specialized training, and firefighting experience.
Peacekeeping is the important function of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in their respective barangay, BPAT visibility is the one main focus of this peacekeeping activity. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in regards to their skills in patrolling, identifying violation in the community, basic self-defense skills and crowd control skills of selected Barangays in the City of Ozamiz during COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers employed a descriptive-correlational type of research characterized by gathering data from 100 respondents from the selected barangays in Ozamiz City. Moreover, survey questionnaire was used to gather the data. Furthermore, mean and standard deviation were the statistical tool used in the data analysis. Results revealed that the majority of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) officers were very responsive in safeguarding and patrolling the neighborhood during the day and night while on the state/verge of pandemic. BPAT officers are highly knowledgeable and visible in securing their respective communities through ronda or patrol activity. BPAT officers also perform intelligence monitoring during the pandemic. The findings may provide additional information to the PNP and may give insights to the institution for the improvement of the performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) at the barangay level. Lastly this study recommends to maintain the BPAT’s excellent performance, and if possible to retrain them in upgrading the skills, and to have constant monitoring and evaluation of their performance and to establish a wider coverage of study or can be done to the entire city.
This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design to gather data from 65 respondents in the 50th barangay of Ozamiz City. An adapted survey questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering data for the study. Results revealed that the level of effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in relation to public safety and the implementation of curfew hours as perceived by the 50th Barangay Resident of Ozamiz City was very effective in the level of implementation of curfew hours. While in the problems encountered by the responders during the implementation of curfew for Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) resulted as not serious. As to the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) the result revealed satisfactory ratings among the BPAT. And lastly, the level of public safety of the 50th barangay residents got a safe rating by the community. The researcher recommended that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action team are encouraged to continue their effectiveness in the implementation of curfew hours and public safety. Furthermore, this study will show the barangay peacekeeping action team's dedication to their duty to maintaining peace and order in their community.
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera have recently become an indispensable part of daily life. Cameras are of vital importance as significant elements of security systems in different buildings and establishments such as houses, stores, and shopping malls. Also, millions of CCTV cameras are installed in streets with the goal of reducing crimes, preventing crimes, and increasing public safety. Effectiveness of the installation of CCTV cameras in relation to crime prevention aims to determine the effectiveness of CCTV cameras in the selected barangays of Ozamiz City, usefulness in crime prevention with respect to traffic violations, crimes against person and crimes against properties and to propose an action-based plan based on the results of the study. The study utilized descriptive-correlational design, mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the gathered data. Results revealed that the installation of CCTV cameras are very effective in crime prevention as it monitors and records the scenes 24/7 that can help in solving any reported crimes such as theft or robbery incident. Moreover, the installation of CCTV cameras is very useful in crimes against person and crimes against properties as well as in preventing traffic violations because CCTV can be used as evidence in court, and it will help the authorities solve any crimes and when drivers are aware that CCTV are monitoring the roads and traffic, they will adhere to the laws set by the authorities for fear of getting penalized.
In a fire incident, fire fighters struggle too much for the safety of our communities. This study explored the challenges encountered by the BFP of Ozamiz City in responding fire incidents. It utilized the phenomenological research design. It was participated by the Bureau of Fire Protection in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. Interview responses were analyzed using Moussakas' Transcendental phenomenological reduction. This study generated five themes: (1) Scarcity in Responding Fire Incident, (2) An Arduous work that Demands Physical and Psychological Strength, (3) Frustration in the Work, (4) Collaboration and Cooperation in Fire Safety and Prevention, (5) Serving the People. In this study, the researcher analyzed the data using the narrative and phenomenology methods of Moustakas for the gathering of information through open-ended and conversational communication. As a result, most of the participants have different challenges encountered in responding fire incident. These challenges made an impact physically and mentally which is extremely stressful and draining during a fire incident. On the other hand, the participants have learned how to maintain active connection with the public, promote fire safety, and raise the number of force multipliers. Further, the BFP should have the full support of the community when an emergency occurs. Lastly, the participants have sensible of their actions. To mitigate firefighter life-safety concerns and achieve successfully fireground outcomes, it is critically important for firefighters to have the necessary preparedness capabilities to respond. Firefighter preparedness consists of technical and contextual knowledge, specialized training, and firefighting experience.
Traffic enforcers play a vital role to maintain public order and safety in our roads. The aim of enforcement was to prevent the occurrence of road traffic violations by means of control and punitive sanctions. This study was conducted to know the lived experiences of traffic enforcers in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. It is a phenomenological study where the researchers made an interview guide questions to gather data on the traffic enforcers experiences. The study was conducted for the randomly selected traffic enforcers in Ozamiz City. Moreover, there were seven (7) traffic enforcers purposely selected to be part of the respondents of the research study. The respondent was selected with the criteria where he/she is a traffic enforcer and must have an experience at least 2 years. There were five (5) themes identified in the study namely Adversity in the fulfilment of duties, Encountering Harassment, Resistance, and Threats from the Motorists, Seeking Police Assistance in responding Aggressive Motorists, Responding with Calmness, Patience, and Respect to the Motorist, and Obedience to Traffic Rules. Based on the findings of the study, it shows that majority of the traffic enforcer’s encountered harassment, resistance and threats from the motorists. Some motorists are unapproachable, aggressive and too arrogant violators that still insist that they did not commit any traffic violations. It was recommended that the traffic enforcers of Ozamiz City may continue to show calm, patience and respect towards handling the rude behaviour of a certain motorist who violates the traffic law. Moreover, traffic enforcers encouraged motorists to always follow the traffic laws to avoid and lessen the accidents on the road and have a smooth flow of the traffic because if every motorist is disciplined, it can reduced the workload of the traffic enforcers and everyone can benefit to it.
Katarungang Pambarangay or barangay justice system is a community-based dispute settlement mechanism that is administered by the basic political unit of the country, the barangay. This system can improve the quality of domestic justice; it would reduce the number of indiscriminate filings of cases before the courts and reduce the number of cases filed there to the courts. The study explored the tales of the barangay officials in resolving community disputes in the urbanized barangays. The participants were selected through a snowball and purposive sampling. It based on the inclusion criteria: 1) Residing on working in the barangay 2) Member of the lupon tagamapayapa 3) Voluntarily participated and signed the informed consent. The selected participants were asked about their experiences in resolving community disputes in the interview. Based on the responses four emergent themes were developed namely: 1) Preservation relationship 2) Faster resolution of problems 3) Economically beneficial 4) Practical agreement. As a result, the researchers concluded that the data gathered from the survey questionnaire and the exclusive interview as a supplement and secondary source for the study implied a clear indication that members of the barangay and lupon tagapamayapa are doing their best in the discharge of their mandated powers and functions to fully serve the interest of their settlement in dealing with the resolution disputes of its experience constituents relatively with the segregation. Based on the findings and conclusions drawn from the study, the researchers would like to recommend that barangay officials have a positive mindset to settle barangays well and administer justice properly. Although it is difficult to contain their opponents' temper, barangay officials are focused on resolving their differences and reaching a negotiated agreement that works for all parties involved and has been successful, success in reaching a peaceful resolution without going to court.
A reference presentation in Public Administration and in Public Security Chapter 8 of my Book Guide to Effective Barangay Administration @2013 By WISEMANS BOOKS TRADING, INC.
This subjects is important of being good leader of an ARMY and a FUTURE of nation. "A good Leader must be a good Follower". What you see, what you hear, what you read, what you feel, Just live it here thats our military Secrecy. For being Honor Code of being a Cadets or as an Officer "We female and male does not lie, cheat, steal, nor tolerate other for us for those who do".
This PNP Memorandum Circular (MC) defines the concepts, provides guidelines for the strategies, procedures and steps to be undertaken by concerned offices/units in the implementation of the revitalized Barangay Peacekeeping Operations (BPO) with the deployment of Barangay peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATs).
Prepare a research work about the effect of this pandemic to business environment in the country and how does it affect the present economy. Cite a way how the present administration can cope up with this problem. Is there a way how to overcome it?
Containing the COVID 19 Pandemic in Nigeria A Reflection on Government Action...ijtsrd
The outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic led to the lockdown of the global economy in the early part of the year 2020. In line with the measures recommended by the World Health Organization WHO , countries also introduced further mechanisms based on their respective unique environment to contain the virus. This paper reflected on the citizens’ reactions to government measures in containing the COVID 19 pandemic in Nigeria. Specifically, it reviewed the government’s actions towards containing the virus and how they influenced the citizens’ response. The study was qualitative and focused between March and September 2020. Relying on secondary data that were analyzed through content analysis, we triangulated the Persuasive Communication Theory and Resistance Theory to interrogate the governments actions and the citizens’ reactions. We argued that the governments approach towards containing the virus contributed to i the doubt on the existence of the virus in the country held by some of the citizens, ii the lack of strict observation of precautionary measures and safety regulations, iii the seeming non co operation between the government and the citizens in containing the virus. The implications of this relationship pose challenges for future epidemics, pandemics, and development in the country and could serve as a premise for further research. Vincent Chukwukadibia Onwughalu "Containing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: A Reflection on Government Actions and Citizens Reactions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35701.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/35701/containing-the-covid19-pandemic-in-nigeria-a-reflection-on-government-actions-and-citizens-reactions/vincent-chukwukadibia-onwughalu
Traffic enforcers play a vital role to maintain public order and safety in our roads. The aim of enforcement was to prevent the occurrence of road traffic violations by means of control and punitive sanctions. This study was conducted to know the lived experiences of traffic enforcers in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. It is a phenomenological study where the researchers made an interview guide questions to gather data on the traffic enforcers experiences. The study was conducted for the randomly selected traffic enforcers in Ozamiz City. Moreover, there were seven (7) traffic enforcers purposely selected to be part of the respondents of the research study. The respondent was selected with the criteria where he/she is a traffic enforcer and must have an experience at least 2 years. There were five (5) themes identified in the study namely Adversity in the fulfilment of duties, Encountering Harassment, Resistance, and Threats from the Motorists, Seeking Police Assistance in responding Aggressive Motorists, Responding with Calmness, Patience, and Respect to the Motorist, and Obedience to Traffic Rules. Based on the findings of the study, it shows that majority of the traffic enforcer’s encountered harassment, resistance and threats from the motorists. Some motorists are unapproachable, aggressive and too arrogant violators that still insist that they did not commit any traffic violations. It was recommended that the traffic enforcers of Ozamiz City may continue to show calm, patience and respect towards handling the rude behaviour of a certain motorist who violates the traffic law. Moreover, traffic enforcers encouraged motorists to always follow the traffic laws to avoid and lessen the accidents on the road and have a smooth flow of the traffic because if every motorist is disciplined, it can reduced the workload of the traffic enforcers and everyone can benefit to it.
Katarungang Pambarangay or barangay justice system is a community-based dispute settlement mechanism that is administered by the basic political unit of the country, the barangay. This system can improve the quality of domestic justice; it would reduce the number of indiscriminate filings of cases before the courts and reduce the number of cases filed there to the courts. The study explored the tales of the barangay officials in resolving community disputes in the urbanized barangays. The participants were selected through a snowball and purposive sampling. It based on the inclusion criteria: 1) Residing on working in the barangay 2) Member of the lupon tagamapayapa 3) Voluntarily participated and signed the informed consent. The selected participants were asked about their experiences in resolving community disputes in the interview. Based on the responses four emergent themes were developed namely: 1) Preservation relationship 2) Faster resolution of problems 3) Economically beneficial 4) Practical agreement. As a result, the researchers concluded that the data gathered from the survey questionnaire and the exclusive interview as a supplement and secondary source for the study implied a clear indication that members of the barangay and lupon tagapamayapa are doing their best in the discharge of their mandated powers and functions to fully serve the interest of their settlement in dealing with the resolution disputes of its experience constituents relatively with the segregation. Based on the findings and conclusions drawn from the study, the researchers would like to recommend that barangay officials have a positive mindset to settle barangays well and administer justice properly. Although it is difficult to contain their opponents' temper, barangay officials are focused on resolving their differences and reaching a negotiated agreement that works for all parties involved and has been successful, success in reaching a peaceful resolution without going to court.
A reference presentation in Public Administration and in Public Security Chapter 8 of my Book Guide to Effective Barangay Administration @2013 By WISEMANS BOOKS TRADING, INC.
This subjects is important of being good leader of an ARMY and a FUTURE of nation. "A good Leader must be a good Follower". What you see, what you hear, what you read, what you feel, Just live it here thats our military Secrecy. For being Honor Code of being a Cadets or as an Officer "We female and male does not lie, cheat, steal, nor tolerate other for us for those who do".
This PNP Memorandum Circular (MC) defines the concepts, provides guidelines for the strategies, procedures and steps to be undertaken by concerned offices/units in the implementation of the revitalized Barangay Peacekeeping Operations (BPO) with the deployment of Barangay peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATs).
Prepare a research work about the effect of this pandemic to business environment in the country and how does it affect the present economy. Cite a way how the present administration can cope up with this problem. Is there a way how to overcome it?
Containing the COVID 19 Pandemic in Nigeria A Reflection on Government Action...ijtsrd
The outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic led to the lockdown of the global economy in the early part of the year 2020. In line with the measures recommended by the World Health Organization WHO , countries also introduced further mechanisms based on their respective unique environment to contain the virus. This paper reflected on the citizens’ reactions to government measures in containing the COVID 19 pandemic in Nigeria. Specifically, it reviewed the government’s actions towards containing the virus and how they influenced the citizens’ response. The study was qualitative and focused between March and September 2020. Relying on secondary data that were analyzed through content analysis, we triangulated the Persuasive Communication Theory and Resistance Theory to interrogate the governments actions and the citizens’ reactions. We argued that the governments approach towards containing the virus contributed to i the doubt on the existence of the virus in the country held by some of the citizens, ii the lack of strict observation of precautionary measures and safety regulations, iii the seeming non co operation between the government and the citizens in containing the virus. The implications of this relationship pose challenges for future epidemics, pandemics, and development in the country and could serve as a premise for further research. Vincent Chukwukadibia Onwughalu "Containing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: A Reflection on Government Actions and Citizens Reactions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35701.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/35701/containing-the-covid19-pandemic-in-nigeria-a-reflection-on-government-actions-and-citizens-reactions/vincent-chukwukadibia-onwughalu
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to impact
people’s health and livelihood systems around the globe. As governments roll
out mass vaccination programs in their respective jurisdictions, it is uncertain whether herd immunity can be achieved at the soonest time, given the
mutations and emergence of new COVID-19 variants and vaccine hesitancy
on the part of citizens. Meanwhile, political leaders have straddled the thin
line between imposing mobility restrictions to save lives and reopening the
economy to save jobs. This raised fundamental concerns about the political
responses at both domestic and international levels toward the crisis.
The Role of Communication In COVID-19 Crisis Management: Findings about Infor...CSCJournals
Given the different levels of pandemic severity in Germany and Italy, the paper investigates the differences in information behavior, and its consequences, between German and Italian young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the first and second waves of infections in the two countries. In particular, the issue of crisis management through institutional communication, the development of information behavior and information consumption throughout the year 2020 are analyzed through a questionnaire-based case study considering the constructs topic fatigue, trust in government sources and vaccination hesitancy. The paper reveals that there are considerable differences in time spent looking for information, with Italian respondents generally spending more time in these activities. Surprisingly, Italian respondents seem to place more trust in their government and institutions than Germans do. Vaccination hesitancy is estimated as higher in Germany than in Italy. People who feel less informed are also less likely to get a vaccination when offered the possibility, moreover, the perception of risk of infection plays a major role in vaccination acceptance. From the point of view of public management, findings of this work highlight the knowledge of citizens’ information behavior and habits as relevant to the design of communication campaigns to address health crises.
The Role of Science Education in Secondary Schools in Curbing Covid 19 Pandemicijtsrd
Science Education equips individuals with skills, knowledge and ability to handle societal challenges such as Corona virus pandemic. The role of education to ensure effective community engagement for curbing COVID 19 impartation on society includes knowledge, self efficiency and trust. Functions of science education to students and society were ex rayed. COVID 19 impact on science education and education in general was examined. School closure was employed as a measure to shut down the spread of the disease. The roles of science educators in the pandemic period among others include how history of science traced other pandemics and how they were able to tackle and downplay political ambitions of the government over the pandemic. Awareness campaigns on mitigation of COVID 19 impact revealed efforts of many countries to fight the monster – COVID 19. Chikendu, Rebecca E | Okoli, Josephine N | Ejesi, Nkori "The Role of Science Education in Secondary Schools in Curbing Covid-19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38558.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38558/the-role-of-science-education-in-secondary-schools-in-curbing-covid19-pandemic/chikendu-rebecca-e
COVID-19 Pandemic: Management emergencies response and lesson learned from th...IJAEMSJORNAL
WHO released the COVID-19 Pandemic that hit at least 223 countries and territories and global confirmed cases reached nearly 103,631,793 people and 2.17% of them died. Countries such as China, America, Europe, Belgium, Taiwan and Brunei Darussalam, have made various ways and efforts to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be taken as potential practices and lessons. This literature review aims to investigate best practices that can be learned in emergency response and handling of the COVID-19 pandemic from various global countries that can be taken as learning and common good. This study method is a literature review, by accessing several peer-reviewed literature articles between 2020 and 2021 related to emergency response and lessons learned of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Based on the literature review that has been analysed, practices and lessons learned in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic can be identified, including: extensive public health infrastructure, establishment of temporary hospitals, effective isolation methods, increased social distancing, surveillance systems with digital technology, community involvement, and lock-down as a last alternative to inhibit the spread, as well as a crisis management approach from an Islamic perspective. It can be concluded that emergency response in decision making and policy is a very influential factor in the success of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Modern-Day Heroes of the Tri- Bureaus of the Province of Ilocos Norte in ...AI Publications
The COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected the life of the law enforcement sector. This study explored the experiences of modern-day heroes from the Tri-Bureaus of Ilocos Norte during the health pandemic. It involved 19 participants composed of police officers, jail officers and fire officers who rendered duty during the total lockdown, Modified Enhanced Community Quarantine and General Community Quarantine. Qualitative-phenomenology, five major themes are identified as the feeling of distress, struggles amidst the challenges of the pandemic, motivational drives, life realizations and wellness as a priority. This study implies a need to revisit organizational policies to ensure the health and safety of personnel in the Tri-Bureaus.
This note focuses on the situation of COVID-19 in India and the government’s communication efforts during the pandemic. Based on MSC's research with low- and middle-income households, it highlights how these efforts can be strengthened through the adoption of a Social Behavioral Change Communication (SBCC) campaign.
Analysis of the efficiency of public policies in municipalities, with a popul...IJAEMSJORNAL
Pandemics, such as that of COVID-19, affect a large number of people, imposing new rules and social habits on them, aiming to modify the behavior that influences economic and social problems. In this context, the objective of this study was to be investigative, using the DEA tool (data envelopment analysis), seeking the efficiency of proposed and economic measures, seeking to assist them and also public policies in improving planning, trying to avoid problems such as those caused by the current pandemic. This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study, of an exploratory nature, carried out with data from the 10th. Region of the state of São Paulo, based on municipalities with 10,000, or more, inhabitants in the time interval from 05/03/2020 to 05/05/2021. This work is justified by the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic exposes structural weaknesses, economic differences and bottlenecks in the Brazilian health system, especially the lack or uneven distribution, in the territory, of health professionals and health professional, infrastructure, as well as limited production capacity, poor income distribution, the human development index and, still, the glaring differences in the GDP of the municipalities. It has been noted that 53% of the municipalities are deficient and that only 47% of them are above the average ideal efficiency rate of 0.823150. It is concluded, in this work, that the economic and social factors need to be better addressed and that social distance, the use of masks and personal hygiene must be encouraged by the representatives of the public power, in order to avoid a greater number of deaths.
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In the early twentieth century, major representatives of the Jadid movement became active participants in the socio-political processes in the Turkestan region. Usmonkhoja Polatkhoja, a progressive from Bukhara, was one of the beams not only in the Emirate of Bukhara, but also in Turkestan. He first participated in the reforms and progressives, and later in the national liberation movements, and fought for the prosperity and independence of the country.This article provides information about Usmonkhoja's life and work in Jadidism, revolts, national liberation struggles, and emmigiration.
Flood is one of the natural disaster known to be part of the earth biophysical processes, which its occurrence can be devastating; due to mostly anthropogenic activities and climatological factors. The aim of the research is to identify and map the extent at which the impact of flood due to intense rainfall and rise in water in the study area using geospatial techniques and the specific objectives are to carry out terrain analysis of the study area and to generate flood indicator maps of the study area. The study analyzed rain fall data;, the drainage system and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 30m) of the area. ArcGIS 10.8 was to modelled and to generate the contributing factors map of the study area. The drainage system was generated through on-screen digitization of topographic map of scale 1:50,000 of Ondo South-West. The mean annual rainfall of Lagos State was generated in the ArcGIS environment from the rainfall data through spatial analysis tool. The SRTM was used in terrain analysis of the study area. The results generated showed the lowest mean annual rain fall of the area 1,700mm and the highest mean annual rain fall was 2,440mm. Digital elevation model (DEM), slope, flow direction were generated from the SRTM. Drainage density of the area was generated using the drainage system. The slope map of the entire area which are classified into five slope classes of very high (14%-48.5%) to high (7.6%-13.9%) to moderately high (4.2%-7.6%) to low (1.5%-4.2%) and very low (0. % - 1.2%).
Work study is a catch-all phrase encompassing a variety of methodologies, including method research and work measurement, that are applied in a variety of contexts and lead to a systematic assessment of all elements that affect the efficiency and economy of the situation under evaluation that is meant to be improved. The main aim of this study is to examine and enhance the process token in manufacturing a Perfume of the famous, well-known, aromatic, and beautiful Taif Roses. Some changes in the process has been suggested using method study and time study method which lead to reduction in process time, labor cost and production cost.
Workers are the maximum precious method of an association. Their importance to institutions requires not most effective the want to draw the trendy bents but additionally the need to preserve them for a long term. This paper specializes in reviewing the findings of former research carried out with the aid of colourful experimenters with the quit to identify determinants factors of hand retention. This exploration almost looked at the subsequent broad factors improvement openings, reimbursement, work- lifestyles balance, operation/ management, work terrain, social aid, autonomy, training and improvement.
Watering plants during the correct time is very important due to scientific reasons. Both underwatering, as well as overwatering, can lead to the growth of unhealthy plants or in extreme cases, the death of the plant/tree. These issues which are the case with most self-gardeners and plant lovers can be solved using the smart irrigation technique. The main purpose of this innovation is to assist plant lovers to continue their passion to grow plants at home with ease. Smart irrigation system helps in monitoring the moisture level which majorly affects plant growth besides other factors such as sunlight, fertility of the soil, etc. The digital planting pot has been designed in a way that it effectively incorporates the idea of smart irrigation. Arduino Uno R3 has been used as the main chip in this project along with a few other components like a soil moisture sensor, relay, and water pump. This project requires coding to synchronize all the components, and function properly. A required test has been carried out to review the functioning of the mechanism. The project was tested by once using the soil with enough moisture in the pot and then the soil with the least moisture. Both times, it worked exactly how it was supposed to function. When the soil with the least moisture was tested, there was a clear indication of a low level of moisture and accordingly, the water pump got triggered to water the plant, and when the soil with enough moisture was tested, there was again the clear indication of the correct level of moisture and the water pump was inactive. All the readings which were displayed on the LCD were checked back and forth during the project. The outcomes were the same as expected. Hence, it shows that every component in this project is actively functioning and the whole project is effectively designed.
Because of its accessibility and flexibility, cloud technology is among the most notable innovations in today's world. Having many service platforms, such as GoogleApps by Google, Amazon, Apple, and so on, is well accepted by large enterprises. Distributed cloud computing is a concept for enabling every-time, convenient, on-demand network access to processing resources including servers, storage devices, networks, and services that may be mutually configured. The major security risks for cloud computing as identified by the Cloud security alliance (CSA) have been examined in this study. Also, methods for resolving issues with cloud computing technology's data security and privacy protection were systematically examined.
This study's goal is to present Solutions for Determining the importance level of criteria in creating cultural resources’ attractiveness from tourists’ evaluation. Data were collected from 558 international tourists who chose Vietnam as the destination for tourism.
The study points out that we need to resolve challenges such as: building a safe, friendly destination, etc., destinations need to review and re-evaluate the services of their products and tourist attractions to prepare for the largest number of visitors and stimulate the domestic tourism market is a good solution: To boost the domestic tourism market, it is necessary to increase domestic flights and train connections to major tourist destinations.
A new convenient and efficient route for the synthesis of two very important hydroxo-bridged stepped-cubane copper complexes viz: [Cu4(bpy)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (1) and [Cu4(phen)4Cl2(OH)4]Cl2.6H2O (2) have been obtained. This synthetic route from the mononuclear CubpyCl2 complex is easier, more reproducible and afforded the complex in a much higher yield than the other two previously reported procedures which were equally serendipitously discovered. The purity and formation of the complexes were confirmed with elemental (C,H,N) analysis and the details of the UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared, electrospray ionization mass spectra of both complexes and the single crystal X-ray crystallography of 1 are presented and discussed. X-ray crystallography confirms the absolute structure of the complexes. The complexes were formed via the connection of four copper atoms to four hydroxide bridging ligands and four bipyridyl ligands with two chloride ligands. There are two coordinate environments around two pairs of copper atoms (CuN2ClO2 and CuN2O3) and each copper atom is pentacoordinate with square pyramidal geometry.
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., which is commonly known as jackfruit is a tropical fruit, belonging to Moraceae family, native to Western Ghats of India and common in Asia, Africa, and some regions in South America. It is known to be the largest edible fruit in the world. The Jackfruit is an extremely versatile and sweet tasting fruit that possess high nutritional value. Jackfruit is rich in nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. The jackfruit has diverse medicinal uses especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties, anticancer and antifungal activity, anthelminthic activity. Traditionally, this plant is used in the treatment of various diseases especially for treatment against inflammation, malarial fever, diarrhoea, diabetes and tapeworm infection. Jackfruit is a good natural source of phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids and tannins, saponins. The health benefits of jackfruit have been attributed to its wide range of physicochemical applications. The use of jackfruit bulbs and its parts has also been reported since ancient times for their therapeutic qualities. The beneficial physiological effects may also have preventive application in a variety of pathologies.
Myogenic differentiation requires to be exactly explored for the effective treatment of fracture. The speed of healing is affected by skeletal muscle, linked to activation of specific myogenic transcription factors during the repair process. In previous study, we discovered that psoralen enhanced differentiation of osteoblast in primary mouse. In the current study, we show that psoralen stimulates myogenic differentiation through the secretion of factors to hone the quality of repair in fractured mice. 3-month old mice were treated with corn oil or psoralen followed by a tibial fracture surgery. Fractures were tested 7, 14, and 21 days respectively later by histology and images observation. Skeletal muscles including soleus muscle and posterior tibial muscle around the damaged bone were collected for quantitative real-time PCR, HE staining, as well as western blot. Daily treatment with psoralen at seven, fourteen days or twenty-one days improves protein or mRNA levels responsible for the whole myogenic differentiation process, makes the muscle fibers more tightly aligned, and promotes callus formation and development. This data shows that high levels of myogenic transcription factors in the process of fracture healing in mice foster the repair of damaged muscles, and indicates a pharmacological approach that targets myogenic differentiation to improve fracture repair. This also reflects the academic thought of "paying equal attention to both muscles and bones" in the prevention and treatment of fracture healing.
The current pandemic has generated the search for new reliable and economic alternatives for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which produces the COVID-19 disease, one of the recommendations by the World Health Organization, is the detection of the virus by RT-qPCR methods from upper respiratory tract samples. The discomfort of the pharyngeal nasopharyngeal swab described by patients, the requirement of trained personnel, and the generation of aerosols, are factors that increase the risk of infections in this type of intake. It is known that the main means of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is through aerosols or small droplets, which is why saliva is important as a relevant means of detecting COVID-19. In this study, a modified method based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA release from saliva is described, avoiding the isolation and purification of the genetic material and its quantification of viral copies; the results are compared with paired pharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab samples (EF/EN). Results showed good agreement in saliva samples compared to EF/EN samples. On average, a sensitivity for virus detection of 80% was demonstrated in saliva samples competing with EF/EN samples. The use of saliva is a reliable alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by means of RT-PCR in the first days of infection, having important advantages over the conventional method. Saliva still needs to be studied completely to evaluate the detection capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, however, the described process is viable, due to the decrease in materials and supplies, process times, the increment in the sampling and improvement of laboratory performance.
A recent study establishes that since 1970, there has been an ecological gap between human needs and the planet's resources, with annual resource demand exceeding the bio-productivity of the planet. Specifically, humanity utilises equivalent of 1.75 earths to produce the ecological resources used, with half of this attributable to food consumption. The present work therefore seeks to provide an empirically-based insight into the environmental sustainability of the EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used, and primary data were collected from 400 systemically sampled households via structured questionnaires and analysed descriptively using Microsoft Excel and inferentially using mathematical models for calculating ecological footprints. Findings revealed that the household EF of food consumption in Ijebu Ode is 0.05gha per capita, with the footprint of cereal consumption (0.17gha; 37%) taking the major share, followed by meat with a footprint of 0.11gha (23.9%). As a result, it was concluded that Ijebu Ode has sustainable food consumption, which is necessary for its environmental sustainability. However, the sustenance of the former requires creating awareness of the need for sustainable consumption and prioritisation of integrated and population-wide policies and food intervention initiatives to encourage attitudinal change in favour of sustainable food consumption while fostering sustainable food production strategies amidst current environmental realities.
The symmetry occurs in most of the phenomena explained by physics, for example, a particle has positive or negative charges, and the electric dipoles that have the charge (+q) and (-q) which are at a certain distance (d), north or south magnetic poles and for a magnetic bar or magnetic compass with two poles: North (N) and South (S) poles, spins up or down of the electron at the atom and for the nucleons in the nucleus In this form, the particle should also have mass symmetry. For convenience and due to later explanations, I call this mass symmetry or mass duality as follows: mass and mass cloud. The mass cloud is located in the respective orbitals given by the Schrödinger equation. The orbitals represent the possible locations or places of the particle which are determined probabilistically by the respective Schröndiger equation.
Metal-organic molybdenum complexes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using ammonium heptamolybdate as the metallic source, and as the organic ligand terephthalic acid (BDC) or bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), obtained via glycolysis of poly(ethylene)terephthalate (PET). The BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo complexes were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TGA, ATR-FTIR, SEM, XPS and their in vitro biocompatibility was tested by porcine fibroblasts viability. The results show that molybdates (MoO4-2) are coordinated to the carbonyl functional groups of BDC and BHET by urea bonding (-NH-CO-NH-) which is related to their high biocompatibility and high thermal stability. These organic molybdate complexes possess rectangular prism particles made up of rods arrays characteristics of molybdenum oxides (MoO3). The organic complexes BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo do not show to be cytotoxic for porcine dermal fibroblasts growing on their surface for up to 48 h of culture.
Exercise training with varying intensity increases maximal oxygen intake (VO2max), a strong predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Purpose: The aim of this study was to find out the influence of low intensity aerobic training on the vo2 max in 11 to 14 years school girls in Hyderabad district. Methodology: The research scholar has randomly selected thirty (N=30) high school girls were selected as subjects and their age ranged between 11 to 14 years. The subjects were divided into two equal groups, each group consist of 15 total 30. Group one acted as experimental group (EG) and group two acted as control group (CG). The dependent variable vo2 max was selected and it is measured by manual test. Statistical Tool: The statistical tool paired sample ‘t’ test was used for analysing of the data and the obtained ‘t’ ratio was tested for significance at 0.05 level of confidence. Results: The analysis of the data revealed that there was a significant improvement on vo2 max by the application of low intensity aerobic.
Hybrid rice has the potential to outperform existing inbred rice and was said to have the potential to produce 14-20 % more yield. In response, Malaysia Government has introduced its very own first Hybrid Rice Variety knew as Kadaria 1 developed by MARDI. This is in line with one of the strategies outlined in Dasar Agromakanan Negara (DAN) 2011-2020 as an approach to increasing rice productivity within Malaysia. The next step would be developing our hybrid seed rice production system. Therefore, an experiment to determine the planting ratio and planting distance between 0025A (A)-a hybrid with MR283 (R)-inbreed variety was carried out. Planting ratios studied in this study were 2:4, 2:6, 2:8, and 2:10 while planting distance was 14 x 30 cm, 16 x 30 cm, and 18 x 30 cm. Statistical analyses suggested that yield R, yield A, and panicle number A were significantly affected by planting ratios while yield A was significantly affected by an interaction between planting distance and planting ratios. Panicle number A performed significantly higher at planting ratios of 2:4 compared to 2:10. Yield R shows higher significant performance under ratio 2:6 compared to 2:4 and 2:8. Relatively, yield A performed the best under planting distance of 18 x 30 cm. Furthermore, under this particular planting distance, the planting ratio of 2:10 shows the highest significant figure while 2:8 exhibits statistical parity. Both yield R and yield A were significantly affected by planting ratios and have a significant positive association with each other. Therefore, the planting ratio of 2:10 should be the best since it contributed to significantly highest value for yield A while yield R under 2:10 shows statistical parity with 2:6 which was the highest significant value. In conclusion, the combination of 2:10 with a planting distance of 18 x 30 cm was the best since it shows best potential for both yields A and yield R
Cassava plays an important role in improving food security and reducing poverty in rural areas. Despite its importance, its production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries. Nowadays, it is confronted with numerous constraints. It is in this context that a study was conducted on the cassava production system in the Thiès "cassava granary" region, with the objective of examining farmers' cultivation practices. It was conducted in eight communes located in the department of Tivaouane, some of which are located in the Niayes agro-ecological zone and others in the central-northern groundnut basin. Surveys were conducted among the largest cassava producers in these communes. Analysis of the results showed that cassava is only grown in the rainy season with the same cultivation practices that have been used for years. Of the five varieties listed by the President of the Senegalese Cassava Interprofession, only four are grown in the areas surveyed. The Terrasse (43%) and Kombo (36%) varieties are grown more by our respondents in the Niayes area. Soya (75%) and Wallet "Parydiey" (20% of our sample) dominate in the central-northern groundnut basin.
Cassava plays an important role in improving food security and reducing poverty in rural areas. Despite its importance, its production in Senegal remains low compared to other African countries. Nowadays, it is confronted with numerous constraints. It is in this context that a study was conducted on the cassava production system in the Thiès "cassava granary" region, with the objective of examining farmers' cultivation practices. It was conducted in eight communes located in the department of Tivaouane, some of which are located in the Niayes agro-ecological zone and others in the central-northern groundnut basin. Surveys were conducted among the largest cassava producers in these communes. Analysis of the results showed that cassava is only grown in the rainy season with the same cultivation practices that have been used for years. Of the five varieties listed by the President of the Senegalese Cassava Interprofession, only four are grown in the areas surveyed. The Terrasse (43%) and Kombo (36%) varieties are grown more by our respondents in the Niayes area. Soya (75%) and Wallet "Parydiey" (20% of our sample) dominate in the central-northern groundnut basin.
We are witnessing very demanding and stressful times in which we live, and an occupation that is particularly exposed to stress and different working conditions is the job of a nurse. Exposing themselves to everyday challenges and stressful situations, nurses reach a stage of great emotional and physical exhaustion, lethargy, dissatisfaction, and poorer work achievements, which we know as burnout. The aim of this paper was to determine whether there is and to what extent professional burnout is present in nurses and technicians working in nursing homes across Slovenia and Croatia. The paper is answering the questions of the extent of the burnout influenced by individual characteristics (age, education, years of service and work experience at the current workplace). The study involved a validated questionnaire “The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI)” to measure professional burnout. Surveying of the nurses was conducted online at their home institutions. The results show that all respondents have a medium or high level of professional burnout, while no one has a low level or shows no signs of burnout. In terms of age, the group from 55-65 years of age had the highest relative level of burnout in the age group category. With regard to education, the highest burnout was measured in registered nurses.
Hepatitis B and C are one of the most commonly transmitted viral infections through needlestick injury apart from HIV. It is highly prevalent in India and many other developing countries. It accounts for high mortality rate globally amongst low socio-economic groups of individuals. Healthcare workers, especially dental professionals are at higher risk of infection due to high exposure to saliva, blood and sharps. Accidental occupational exposure to non-sterile conditions and its development to more critical and fatal conditions can be reduced through vaccination, prophylactic medications and practicing high safety measures.
This review article focuses on transmission of hepatitis through sharps injuries in medicine, especially dentistry, its prevention, management, post-exposure prophylaxis and the corresponding content.
More from Associate Professor in VSB Coimbatore (20)
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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individuals (Madarang, 2020). To ensure proper allocation and control of funds in the event of a pandemic, towns
and municipalities around the world must implement strong, open, and accountable expenditure procedures
practically immediately (Madarang, 2020). Since March 16, 2020, the Philippines has been dealing with the
COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in the installation of several kinds of lockdowns known as Enhanced
Community Quarantine, General Community Quarantine, and their modified counterparts. This pandemic has
become one of our community’s biggest challenges, especially in our government, resulting in the loss of many
Filipinos’ already limited income and an exponential increase in the number of towns and individuals in need of
help (Recuenco, 2020).
In this context, government and community leaders were faced with a significant task in reacting to such a disaster.
Following the announcement of the first localized transmission on March 7, local officials appointed by the
Department of Health are immediately responsible for distributing assistance to small businesses and individuals
inclusively and transparently; they must also collaborate with national and other local governments, the private
sector, and even foreign organizations to receive, monitor, and receive support (Roxas, 2020). Communities all
across the world are coming together to face the problems posed by the COVID-19 danger. Local governments are
at the vanguard of the fight: their leadership is not only defined by the language and speed with which they respond
to the tragedy, but it also has a direct impact on their citizens' health and well-being. The way elected authorities to
respond to the COVID-19 situation will have an impact on citizens' confidence and societal well-being for years to
come, particularly at the municipal level (Beerman, 2020).
In every barangay, Barangay Tanods is at the forefront of maintaining peace and order. They are made up of civilian
volunteers who protect the community from irregular forces while also demonstrating their commitment to crime
prevention by acting as deterrents to criminals, particularly in places where police are scarce (Sumad-On, 2020).
The Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team is a national program of the PNP to encourage people empowerment
from the community to address the real-time response in case a need arises, be it peace and order, security and
rescue related matters. Barangay tanod are in the vanguard of the effort to maintain peace and order in every
barangay in the country (Williams, 2001; Rochon, 2014; Pajarillo-Guadamor, 2016).
In response to President Rodrigo Duterte's call, military, and law enforcement officials, including barangay tanod
officials, oversee facilitating community quarantine in various parts of the country, as well as the strict
implementation of wearing face masks and face shields, as well as social distancing, to reduce the risk of
COVID-19 cases (Recuenco, 2020). These factors suggest that face masks and social distances different fractions of
asymptomatic individuals, as well as a realistic hypothesis of face masks protection during inhaling and exhaling,
our simulations demonstrate that a synergistic use of face masks and social distancing is the most effective
intervention to curb the infection spread.
To control the pandemic, our models suggest that high adherence to social distance is necessary to curb the spread
of the disease, and that wearing face masks provides optimal protection even if only a small portion of the
population comply with social distance. Finally, the face mask effectiveness in curbing the viral spread is not
reduced if a large fraction of population is asymptomatic. Their responsibilities also include inspecting quarantine
passes, managing checkpoints, and patrolling the curfew to ensure that minimal health requirements are met
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(Caliwan, 2020). Police and military personnel were dispatched to ensure that these bans and safety standards were
followed.
In the case of COVID-19, community collaborations, healthcare systems, local governments, and the private sector
will be critical in slowing the spread, mitigating the effects, and facilitating local recovery. These collaborations
promote preventive communication and behavior improvement, provide rapid short-term emergency response,
reduce economic impacts, and build future resilience.
Furthermore, Beerman (2020) states that the challenges posed by the COVID-19 threat are shared by communities
all over the world. Local governments are at the forefront of the fight: their leadership is not only distinguished by
the language and speed with which they respond to this disaster, but it also has a direct impact on the health and
well-being of their citizens. The way elected officials respond to the COVID-19 crisis will have long-term
consequences for citizens' trust and societal well-being, particularly at the local level.
According to Beerman (2020), in response to emergency relief packages, cities and municipalities around the world
must develop solid, open, and accountable expenditure measures almost overnight to ensure proper allocation and
control of funds. Local officials are simultaneously responsible for distributing assistance to small businesses and
residents in an equitable and open manner, and they must collaborate with national and other local governments, the
private sector, and even foreign organizations to receive, register, and distribute medical equipment and other
materials.
Furthermore, several municipal councils are working quickly to improve the availability of health care, revise
budgetary policies, and implement new public safety rules.
The goal of this research is to assess the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team’s performance during the Covid-19
pandemic in the urban barangays in Ozamiz City that includes the following: Barangay Aguada, Barangay Carmen
Annex and Barangay Tinago in terms of patrolling, cooperation with other barangay officials, and health and safety
protocol execution.
Research Methods
Research Design
The study utilized a descriptive type of research. Descriptive type of research accurately and systematically
describes the responses of the population considered in a particular study. Further, it is a quantitative type of
research that is appropriate for the assessment of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team’s performance during the
Covid-19 pandemic in the urban barangays in Ozamiz City that includes the following: Barangay Aguada,
Barangay Carmen Annex and Barangay Tinago.
Research Settings
The study was conducted in the urban barangays in Ozamiz City that includes the following: Barangay Aguada,
Barangay Carmen Annex and Barangay Tinago where the total of sixty-five (65) respondents. Ozamiz is a coastal
component city and one of the three cities of the province of Misamis Occidental in a region of the Philippines
called Northern Mindanao. It is found in the southeastern end of the fan-shaped province, strategically located on
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the eastern side of the merging point of two water bodies, the Panguil Bay and Iligan Bay. The city has a land area
of 169.95 square kilometers or 65.62 square miles which constitutes 8.47% of Misamis Occidental’s total area. Its
population as determined by the 2020 census was 140, 334. This represents 22.73% of the total population of
Misamis Occidental province, or 2.79% of the overall population of the Northern Mindanao region. Ozamiz has 51
barangays where Barangay Aguada, Barangay Carmen Annex and Barangay Tinago included.
Research Respondent
The respondents of the study where the 65 citizens living in the community of the urban barangays in Ozamiz City,
which includes the following: Barangay Aguada, Barangay Carmen Annex and Barangay Tinago, where the total
number of the community respondent is sixty-five (65) regardless of gender and age as long as they lived in the said
barangays.
Research Instrument
The study used a modified questionnaire from the study of Austria-Cruz (2020) and Donald Sumad-on (2020). The
research instrument is divided into three parts. The first pertains to the profile of the respondents. The second part is
adapted from the study Austria-Cruz (2020) entitled Performance of Barangay Police Officer (BPSO) or Tanod in
Maintaining Peace. This part assessed the performance of the barangay tanod in terms of crime prevention,
patrolling, assistance to other officials and incident response. The third part is adapted from the study of Donald
Sumad-on (2020) entitled Effectiveness of Barangay Tanod in Crime Prevention in Central Region of Angadanan,
Isabela. This part determined the degree of seriousness of problems encountered by the Barangay Tanod during
their performance of duty. The questionnaire is composed of thirty (30) statements of Performance of barangay
peacekeeping action team during covid-19 pandemic.
Scale Response Continuum Interpretation
5 Always 4.20-5.00 Very Serious
4 Often 3.40-4.19 Serious
3 Sometimes 2.60-3.39 Less Serious
2 Rarely 1.80-2.59 Least Serious
1 Never 1.00-1.79 Not Serious
Data Collection
The data collection was done seriously to obtain reliable information from the identified respondents. Before the
conduct of the study with the identified respondents the researcher asked permission from the Dean of the College
of Criminology of the University allowing the researcher to pursue the study and to distribute the questioner
through a formal letter. Once the approval from the Dean is obtained, the researcher asked permission from the
barangay captain in Barangay Carmen Annex, Barangay Aguada and Barangay Tinago in allowing the researcher to
identify the respondent. The researchers personally administer the survey questionnaire to the target respondents
after receiving permission and setting an appointment with the identified respondents, as well as proposing the day
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of distribution of the questionnaire. Afterward, the information gathered was recorded, evaluated, and interpreted
accordingly and during the survey, the minimum health protocol was also observed.
Ethical Consideration
The researchers observed ethical procedures in the conduct of the study. Permission was sought from the Barangay
Captain in Carmen Annex, Aguada and Tinago Ozamiz City to allow the researchers to administer the survey
questionnaire to the Community.
Confidentiality of the gathered data was ensured for each of the respondents. Any communication relating to the
research was conducted in an honest transparent manner, and any types of misleading information, as well as biased
representation of primary data findings, were avoided.
Thus, no harm was brought to the mentally, emotionally, and physically, regarding the conduct of the study. Both
the researcher and the respondent followed the minimum health protocol.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The following tools and means were used to apply, organize, classify, analyze and interpret the data and
information collected these are the:
Frequency refers to the tabular arrangement of the data by classes or categories together with their corresponding
frequency.
Weighted mean will be used in determining the final weight of each item in the questionnaire of the assessment of
Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team’s performance during Covid-19 pandemic in Ozamiz City.
Results And Discussion
Assessment of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team’s Performance during Covid-19 Pandemic in Ozamiz City
Table 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondent’s Profile
Profile Frequency Percentage
Age
16-29 years old
30-48 years old
50-63 years old
40
17
8
61.54
26.15
12.31
65 100.00
Gender
Male 40 61.54
6. Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology
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Female 25 38.46
65 100.00
Place of Residence
Carmen Annex
Tinago
Aguada
10
15
40
15.38
23.08
61.54
Total 65 100.00
Table 1 shows of Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondent’s Profile residing in Barangay Carmen
Annex, Tinago and Aguada, the majority of them are male about 61.54% of the respondents belong to the age range
of 16-63 years old. This simply means that the male respondents are aware of the barangay tanod’s ability to carry
out their duties and responsibilities in their barangay in terms of patrolling, crime prevention, incident response,
assistance to other officials and most importantly, the challenges of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team that they
are facing right now despite of this COVID-19 (Orenze, Coballes & Ferrer, 2021).
Table 2. Extent of Participation in Patrolling
Statements AWV Continuum Response
1. Conducts patrol/ronda at daytime. 4.83 Always
2. Conducts patrol/ronda at nighttime. 4.77 Always
3. Patrols are assisted by Brgy. Officials. 4.78 Always
4. In times of patrol/ronda, they use their weapons and
equipment.
4.38 Always
5. Conducts patrol even during a serious outbreak of the
COVID-19 pandemic.
4.57 Always
General Weighted Mean 4.66 Always
Based on Table 2 of Patrolling in the Barangay, by conducting patrol/ronda at daytime as well as during night time,
patrols are assisted by brgy. Officials, in times of patrol/ronda, they use their weapons and equipment and conducts
patrol even during a serious outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic got the general weighted mean of 4.66 despite the
lack of weapons and equipment since in Ozamiz City there is a lower crime committed within the barangay.
According to the Koper curve theory (Koper,1995), crime is less likely to occur in certain hot zones where police
presence is visible.
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This implies that patrolling is effective to maintain the security of the area and prevent the opportunity to commit a
crime within the barangay through patrolling it.
Table 3. Extent of Participation in Crime Prevention
Statements AWV Continuum
Response
Visits residences and places of business. 3.86 Often
Within the barangays/puroks, conducts surveillance on criminal
breeding areas.
4.54 Always
Examine any suspicious activity or locations. 4.49 Always
Keep a close eye on people. 4.54 Always
Reports any observation/findings they gathered to the proper
authorities or through the Hotline “117”
4.6 Often
General Weighted Mean 4.41 Always
Table 3 presents the data on Crime Prevention. The data revealed that barangay tanod often examine any suspicious
activity or locations; keeping a close eye on people; and often conducts surveillance on criminal breeding areas
within the barangay/puroks, the three statements earned the highest weighted average which constitutes 4.54,4.49
and 4.54 percent. Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team perform crime prevention in Ozamiz City to ensure the
security of the people in their respective barangay. On the other hand, barangay tanod visits residences and places of
business and reports any observation/findings they gather to the proper authorities or through the Hotline 117 got
the lowest weighted mean of 3.86 and 4.6 with the remarks often because barangay tanod said that visiting
residences and places of business is not their responsibility. It’s the police work to assist in reducing the opportunity
for crime in residences and places of business. According to (Shoemaker, 1996), juvenile courts and penal facilities
are employed less frequently than the juvenile code would predict, and this scenario is likely to remain due to a lack
of resources, conventional socialization techniques, and the value of the barrio justice system. Several businesses
have already begun to implement initiatives aimed at motivating the public, even at the barangay level, to assist
reduce rising crime rates (Samaniego, 2015).
This implies that crime prevention enhances the quality of life of all citizens of a barangay because of having an
effective relationship and effort to be one within the community and having a program to control the
community from committing criminal activity.
Table 4. Extent of Participation in Incident Response
Statements AWV Continuum
Response
1. They respond as soon as possible to incidents that occur
while on duty.
4.63 Always
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2. Alert and report the incidents to their barangay's central
units concerned or through the "117" hotline.
4.48 Always
3. Responds in any natural calamity (typhoon, floods,
earthquake).
4.72 Always
4. The Philippine National Police (PNP) assisted them in
resolving a riot/rumble in their barrio.
4.58 Always
5. Reports the accused and suspected offenders in their
barangay to the authorities (Brgy. Officials, PNP).
4.69 Always
General Weighted Mean 4.62 Always
Based on Table 4 of Incident Response, barangay tanod reports the accused and suspected offenders in their
barangay to the authorities (Brgy. Officials, PNP), they respond as soon as possible to incidents that occur while on
duty, alert and report the incidents to their barangay's central units concerned or through the "117" hotline.
Responds in any natural calamity (typhoon, floods, earthquake) and the Philippine National Police (PNP) assisted
them in resolving a riot/rumble in their barrio got the highest general weighted mean of 4.62 even though 117 is
they are no longer using this hotline number instead they are using walkie talkie radio and cellphone number (Stroie
& Rusu, 2011).
This implies that responding immediately to an incident will aid an organization in minimizing damages, mitigating
exploited vulnerabilities, restoring services and procedures, and lowering the risks of future incidents.
Table 5. Extent of Participation in Assistance to other Officials
Statements AWV Continuum
Response
1. Assist the barangay officials in enforcing the barangay's regulations
and administrative code.
4.48 Always
2. Assistance to the administrative officers of the barangay in
enforcing the barangay's regulations and administrative code.
5.26 Always
3. Conducts planned and strategic methods to be used to ensure the
safety of the people.
4.48 Always
4. Follows the barangay officials' orders to ensure the safety of the
people in their barangay.
4.77 Always
5. Assists the Barangay Officials in preventing crime and maintaining
order in the Barangay.
4.51 Always
General Weighted Mean 4.7 Often
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Based on Table 5 of Assistance to other officials, assistance to the administrative officers of the barangay in
enforcing the barangay's regulations and administrative code, assistance to the administrative officers of the
barangay in enforcing the barangay's regulations and administrative code, conducts planned and strategic methods
to be used to ensure the safety of the people, follows the barangay officials' orders to ensure the safety of the people
in their barangay and assists the Barangay Officials in preventing crime and maintaining order in the Barangay got
the highest weighted mean with the remarks of Always because enforcing the barangay's regulations and
administrative code is to control and improve the efficiency of resource allocation of the barangay (Yilmaz &
Venugopal, 2013).
This implies that assistance to other officials support each other to lead the barangay efficiently and provide legal
basis for the community because when there is unity among every official the community is also united, and this is
a sign that your leadership is effective.
Table 6. Degree of Challenges Encountered
Statements AWV Continuum Response
Lack of vehicle when conducting patrol. 3.02 Less Serious
Insufficient training like self-defense techniques. 2.88 Less Serious
Insufficient equipment like baton, handcuff, and other use
for crime prevention.
2.68 Less Serious
Insufficient budget support. 3.4 Less Serious
Barangay Tanod does not report on scheduled duty. 2.77 Less Serious
Some Barangay Tanod are absent during scheduled duty. 3.06 Less Serious
Lack of cooperation among members of the Barangay
Tanod.
2.74 Less Serious
Insufficient supervision and monitoring from Barangay
Officials.
2.94 Less Serious
Lack of cooperation among the residents. 2.55 Least Serious
Barangay Tanod are not aware on duties and
responsibilities.
2.54 Least Serious
General Weighted Mean 2.85 Less Serious
Based on table 6, the community encountered that barangay Tanod has insufficient budget support got the highest
weighted mean of 3.4 with the remarks of Less Serious because here in Ozamiz City the mayor gives enough budget
fairly in all organizations/agencies for them to work efficiently besides the barangay tanod are aware of their duties
and responsibilities although not all tanod have knowledge on how to perform their work effectively.
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This implies that these challenges should have solutions in order for the barangay tanod to perform their duties and
responsibilities. Also, the government should build an institution regarding self-defense for the barangay tanod for
them to learn some techniques on how to protect themselves.
Table 7. Significant difference in the assessment of the level of performance of the Barangay Tanod when the
respondents are grouped according to their profile.
Profile Chi-Square P-value Decision
Gender
Age
Place of Residence
4.68
11.7786
2.221
.321734
.16136
.973474
Not Significant
Not Significant
Not Significant
Table 7 presents the significant difference in the assessment of the level of performance of the barangay tanod when
they are grouped according to profile.
It is evident that there is no significant difference on the assessment of the level of performance of barangay tanod
when they are grouped according to their gender having a chi-square value of 4.68 and a p-value of .321734. The
result further signifies that the perception of the respondents towards the performance of barangay tanod does not
affect considering their gender.
On the other hand, there is no significant difference on the assessment of the level of performance of barangay tanod
when they are grouped according to their age having a chi-square value of 11.7786 and a p-value of .16136. The
result signifies that the age of the respondents does not affect their perception towards the performance of the
barangay tanod.
Moreover, there is no significant difference on the assessment of the level of performance of barangay tanod when
they are grouped according to their place of residence. The result signifies that the place of residence of the
respondents does not affect their perception towards the performance of the barangay tanod.
Conclusions
Based on the study’s findings, the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team’s in the urban barangays of Ozamiz City
includes the following: Barangay Aguada, Barangay Carmen Annex, and Barangay Tinago are active in responding
to COVID-19 in terms of patrolling, cooperation with other barangay officials, and health and safety protocol
execution even though they are unprepared and have a lack of knowledge and experience. They still managed to
respond to COVID-19 proactively and reactively in a systematic and flexible manner. The overall performance of
barangay tanod was excellent, regardless of age, educational attainment, or gender. There were no significant
differences in the performance of tanods divided into different groups. This shows that tanods have great
confidence in their ability to govern and perform their tasks well. Furthermore, they have the same performance or
accomplishment as law enforcers in the barangays. In Ozamiz City, community satisfaction with Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Team performance is very excellent. The delivery of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team
services for crime prevention, on the other hand, needs to be enhanced. For Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team
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members, providing adequate facilities, equipment, and training like self-defense techniques in crime prevention
may be beneficial. Local government officials and the PNP should also explore what further assistance they may
provide to Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team. The challenges they have encountered did not hinder them from
becoming resilient in response to COVID-19.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusion of the study it is recommended that:
1. Local Government Unit should give an award the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team incentives or certificates
of recognition, appreciation, or praise in order to promote morale and motivate them to fulfil their duties and
responsibilities efficiently.
2. Philippine National Police should be the trainer of the Barangay Tanod with regard to self-defense and morale
development and must consider the involvement of academic institutions or training institutions as one of the
serious problems confronted.
3. The local government officials should raise the tanod's monthly wage as part of motivating them to focus on their
responsibilities and functions, as some of the causes of the barangay tanod's failure to be on time during duty, some
being missing, and lack of budget support, which is classified as a major encountered problem.
4. The Department of Interior and Local Government shall upgrade the benefits and incentives of barangay tanod
members who have rendered at least one year of service in the barangay government.
Declarations
Source of Funding
This research work did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing Interests Statement
The authors declare no competing financial, professional and personal interests.
Consent for publication
Authors declare that they consented for the publication of this research work.
Authors’ Contributions
All authors equally contributed in data collection, research and paper drafting.
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