This document discusses the manufacturing of liquid dosage forms. Liquids can be monophasic, containing a single phase, or biphasic, containing two immiscible phases like suspensions and emulsions. Key components include active ingredients, vehicles, surfactants, preservatives, colors, and flavors. Manufacturing involves accurately measuring and mixing components according to their solubility and physical properties. For monophasic liquids, soluble compounds are dissolved in a vehicle while insoluble compounds require mixing to form a uniform suspension. Biphasic liquids like emulsions use wet or dry gum methods to properly combine oil and water phases into a stable final product.

1. MANUFACTURING OF LIQUIDS
Presented by-
SUPRIYA SUMAN
PharmD 4th year
Roll no.-15

2. INTRODUCTION:-
 Liquid dosage forms are prepared any of the following:-
• by dissolving active ingredients in an aqueous or non-
aqueous solvent,
• by suspending the drug or
• by incorporating the drug into one of the two phases of
an oil and water systems.

3. ADVANTAGE:-
• Easy to sawllow.
• Faster therapeutic response.
• Palatable.
• Acceptable for pediatric and geriatric use.
• Solution are more acceptable for local action.

4. DISADVANTAGE:-
• Shorter life than other dosage form
I. Less stable
II. Easily affected by microorganisms
• Harder to measure accuracy measuring dose is
required
• Need special storage condition
• Not potable
• High risk of loss by the breakage of the container

5. CLASSIFICATION:-
LIQUID
MONOPHASIC
INTERNAL
SYRUPELIXIRLINCTUS
EXTERNAL
APPLICATION
ON THE SKIN
LINIMENTLOTION
USED IN
MOUTH
GARGLES
MOUTH
WASH
THROAT
PAINT
INSTILLED
INTO BODY
CAVITIES
EAR DROPNASAL DROPNASAL SPRAY
BIPHASIC
SUSPENSIONEMULSION

6. Formulation /Manufacturing procedure

7. COMPONENTS
• API
• Vehicle
Aqueous vehicles: Water, Aromatic Water,
Alcohol, glycerine, Propylene Glycol.
Oily vehicles: Vegetable oils, mineral oils,
organic oily bases or emulsified bases.

8. COMPONENTS
• Surfactant
 Solubilising agents – eg- Polysorbate 80.
 Flocculating agent – eg- gum acacia,wool fat,methylcellulose,
 Wetting agent – eg- Tweens 80, spans ,SLS.
 Emulsifying agents
 Antifoaming agents –eg- Castor oil, fatty acids.

9. CONTINUE.....
• Colouring agent – example- coal tar dyes such as amaranth
(red),caramel(brown),indigo(blue), napthol(black).
• Flavouring agents -
 Tinctures- tincture lemon, and tincture ginger .
 Fruit juices- raspberry juice , wild cherry.
 Essence- vanilla, orange.
• Preservative –example-methyl paraben , sodium benzoate,
benzoic acid.
• Antioxidant agent-example- BHA,BHT

10. PROCEDURE
1. General preparation for monophasic dosage form-
 For soluble compound :-
Dissolve solid
In ¾ th of
vehicle
add any liquid
ingredient
make up to
the volume by
vehicle

11. CONTINUE....
 For diffusible solids
powder in mortar
Add soluble drug
and mix
Add vehicle 3/4
Make cream and
add remaining
vehicle
Transfer content
mortar to measuring
cylinder
Add any liquid
ingredient
Make it up to the
volume by vehicle

12. CONTINUE...
• For indiffusible solid:-
mix all powder and
suspending agent
(tragacanth)
add¾ the vehicle
slowly
Triturate it till form cream
Add other liquid
ingredient
Transfer the
mixture into
measuring cylinder
Add vehicle for
required volume

13. CONTINUE ...
• Biphasic dosage form
 Suspension
2type of component
(1)Soluble
Add vehicle and stir
it
(2)Insoluble
Taken in mortar
pistle &reduce size
Diffusible solid
Add small amount
of vehicle , to form
paste
Add 1st solution in
2nd make slurry
Transfer it to another
container and make up
to the volume
Indiffusible solid
Add wetting agent
+small amount of
vehicle to form paste

14. CONTINUE ...
 Emulsion
 Dry gum method
 Wet gum method
• Proportion of oil,water,gum in different type of oils:-
S.No. Type of oils example Oil ratio Water ratio Gum ratio
1 Fixed oil •Castor oil
•Almond oil
4 2 1
2 Volatile oil •Cinnamon oil
•Peppermint oil
2 2 1
3 Mineral oil •Liquid paraffin 3 2 1

15. Dry gum method
• Measure the required quantity of oil in a dry measuring
cylinder and transfer it into dry mortar
• Add calculated amount of gum into it and triturate rapidly to
form uniform mixture
• Add required amount of water and triturate it till clicking sound
is produced –(primary emulsion)
• Add more water to produce required volume .

16. Wet gum method
• Calculate the quantity of oil, water and gum required for
preparation of primary emulsion
• Powder gum in a mortar
• Add water and triturate it with gum so as to form a mucilage
• Add required quantity of oil in small proportion with rapid
trituration until clicking sound is produced and product becomes
white (primary emulsion).
• Add more of water in small portion to the primary emulsion with
trituration to produced the required volume, stir thoroughly so as
to form a uniform emulsion.

17. THANK YOU