The document discusses the history and current processes of liquefying oxygen. It was first achieved in 1877 by scientists in France and Switzerland. Liquid oxygen is now commonly used as a rocket propellant. The current industrial process is expensive. The proposal suggests a simpler homemade method using liquid nitrogen to cool oxygen gas into liquid form, which could produce pure liquid oxygen for small-scale applications more affordably. Advantages include lower cost and faster production, while disadvantages are lower yields and storage challenges.

1. LIQUEFACTION OF OXYGEN
PRESENTED BY,
AMAR M. BORKUTE

2.  Introduction
• In 1877 Louis Paul Cailletet in France and Raoul Pictet in Switzerland liquefied oxygen in the form of
a mist.
• The liquefaction of the first of the so-called permanent gases heralded the birth of low-temperature
research and is often described in the literature as having started a ‘race’ for attaining progressively
lower temperatures.
• Cailletet's liquefaction of oxygen has often been described as starting a ‘race’ for attaining
progressively lower temperatures, pursued mainly in laboratories in Cracow, London and Leiden.
 Usage of Liquid Oxygen
• Liquid oxygen is a common cryogenic liquid oxidizer propellant for spacecraft rocket applications.
• It was used in the very first rocket applications like the V2 missile (under the name A-
Stoff and Sauerstoff) and Redstone, R-7 Semyorka, Atlas boosters, and the ascent stages of
the Apollo Saturn rockets.
• Liquid oxygen also had extensive use in making oxyliquit explosives.

3.  Current Manufacturing Process
Cryogenic Oxygen Plant
Plant Modules
 Warm end (W/E) container
• Compressor
• Air receiver
• Chiller (Heat exchanger)
• Pre-filter
• Air purification unit (APU)
 Coldbox
• Main heat exchanger
• Boiler
• Distillation column
• Expansion brake turbine
 Storage
• Liquid oxygen tank

4.  Innovation Proposal
• The current commercial process is very expensive and restricted
process, there is no small scale liquid oxygen generator which will
produce liquid oxygen in small proportion.
• A home made process can be made to liquefy oxygen using Liquid
nitrogen which is inspired by the experiment done by CodyDon on the
similar topic named Oxygen Liquefier.
• This is a fairly simple process which can yield fairly pure liquid
oxygen.
• The setup consist of a Container which can accommodate liquid
oxygen, copper coil is inserted in the container which will be dipped
in the liquid nitrogen completely.
• The inlet of the coil is connected to a source producing oxygen gas.
Once the gas goes through the coil liquid oxygen is obtained at the
outlet.
• The oxygen gas generator can be built pretty easily. This pure oxygen
gas obtained can give a very pure yield of liquid oxygen.

5.  Advantages
• It will be cheap.
• Faster production of oxygen.
• Very useful is low scale oxygen requirement.
• Oxygen can be liquefied at home.
• Very high purity of liquid oxygen can be
obtained.
 Disadvantages
• Low production of Oxygen.
• Leakage and storage problem.

6. • Liquid Oxygen is One of the most important gas which has a wide range of application
• The commercial manufacturing process is pretty expensive the plant itself is very expensive and
the product is not available for common usage
• The homemade method yields very high oxygen since its eliminated the possibility of any other
contaminant
• Liquid oxygen can by synthesized at fairly low price and home made experiment can be done
pretty easily.
• At large scale the same method can be used with the appropriate magnified model the yield will
be very pure.
• This liquid can also be very well used in cryogenic rocket (Considering the fact that there is again
a race to moon has started this time between NASA and SPACE X).
 CONCLUSION