Micro vascular free flaps used in head and neck reconstruction /certified fi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Micro vascular free flaps used in head and neck reconstruction /certified fi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
A flap is a unit of tissue that is transferred from one site (donor site) to another (recipient site) while maintaining its own blood supply or from a anastomised vessel.
Flaps come in many different shapes and forms. They range from simple advancements of skin to composites of many different types of tissue
A flap is a unit of tissue that is transferred from one site (donor site) to another (recipient site) while maintaining its own blood supply or from a anastomised vessel.
Flaps come in many different shapes and forms. They range from simple advancements of skin to composites of many different types of tissue
The anatomy of the edentulous ridge in the maxilla and mandible is very important for the design of a complete denture. Objective in fabrication of a complete denture is to provide a prosthesis that restores lost teeth and associated structures functionally, anatomically and aesthetically as much as possible with preservation of underlying structures and the knowledge landmarks help us in achieving our objective.
A concise presentation on etiopathogenesis of head and neck cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and role of epigenetics in head and neck cancer.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
4. SURGICAL ANATOMY
• The upper lip is formed by fusion of lateral maxillary processes and a central nasofrontal
process.
• Hence contralateral neck metastases in upper lip is extremely rare.
• The lower lip is formed by the fusion of two lateral mandibular processes in the midline, hence
contralateral neck metastases is common.
• Blood supply : superior and inferior labial arteries branches of the facial artery.
• The labial arteries form an arcade -lesions in the lateral aspect of the lip receive blood supply both
from its medial and lateral regions.
Prof Subbiah et al
5. • Sensory supply to the skin and the vermilion border of the upper and lower lips: maxillary
and mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve, respectively.
• Lesions of the lateral aspect of the upper lip: buccal, peri parotid, and prevascular facial
lymph nodes.
• Lymphatics of the lower lip initially drain to lymph nodes at the level I in the submental
(Ia)and submandibular (Ib) regions and to the prevascular facial nodes
Prof Subbiah et al
7. • The laminar structure of the lips consists of three layers: mucosa, muscle, and skin.
• Oral sphincter- Orbicularis oris.
• The superficial fibers -protrude the lips away; the deep and oblique fibers approximate the
lips to the alveolar arch.
• The modiolus is just lateral to the oral commissure-thick fibrovascular region of muscle
fiber intersection of the levator muscles (zygomaticus major and levator anguli oris) and
the depressor muscles( depressor anguli oris and platysma) that attach firmly to the
dermis.
• The appearance of the labial commissures is significantly affected by the movement of the
modiolus on each side.
Prof Subbiah et al
11. ABBE ESTLANDER FLAP
• Resection of more than 30 % of either upper or lower lip : mobilisation of flap from
opposite lip is necessary.
• The technique was popularized by Abbe for upper lip and by Estlander for lower lip.
• The principle of Abbe-Estlander flap repair is such that the width of the base of the
triangular flap is half that of the width of the base of the triangular surgical defect.
Prof Subbiah et al
14. • Full thickness resection of the lesion with adequate margin.
• The incision for the flap: the full thickness of the vermilion border on the left-handside,
stopping short at the mucocutaneous junction to protect the superior labial artery in the
pedicle.
• The flap is rotated caudad to repair the surgical defect.
• Three layered closure of the defect is done.
Prof Subbiah et al
15. KARAPANDZIC FLAP
• Karapandzic flap- defects of the lower lip - 80% or more of the lower lip is resected in its
central
part, leaving the lateral ends near the commissures intact.
• The principle : mobilization of the skin, muscle, and mucosa of the lower portion of the
nasolabial region medially, preserving the nerve and blood supply to the orbicularis oris
muscle, which is mobilized medially.
• For flap elevation- stay in the plane superficial to the orbicularis muscle and the mucosa
deep to the muscle, thereby keeping the muscle itself intact.
• The skin incision placed approximately 2 cm inferior to the vermilion border to encompass
the full width of the orbicularis oris muscle.
• The mucosal incision is placed at the gingivolabial sulcus.
Prof Subbiah et al
16. • PROS: Reliable, commonly performed due to reproducibility.
• CONS: Microstomia
Prof Subbiah et al
19. JOHANSEN STEP LADDER
ADVANCEMENT FLAP
• Two-thirds of the lower lip can be reconstructed.
• involves the excision of 2–4 small rectangles arranged in a stair-step fashion that descend
from medial to lateral at a 45° angle from either side of the base of the defect.
• the width of each step - half of its height.
• Unilateral for lateral defects and bilateral for central defects.
• PROS: able to excise only skin and subcutaneous tissue; incision is away from the
labiomental crease, hence aesthetic unit is preserved.
Prof Subbiah et al
22. • A triangle is excised with its apex located inferiorly.
• The Johanson flap begins with the lip lesion being resected in a full-thickness rectangular
fashion.
• A full-thickness horizontal incision is then extended from the inferior defect margin in one
or both directions for a unilateral or bilateral flap, respectively.
• Partial-thickness incisions are stair-stepped inferolaterally for a total of two to four steps.
Prof Subbiah et al
23. GILLIES FAN FLAP
• full-thickness flap, that moves lip and cheek tissue around the corner of the mouth to
reconstruct a lateral defect of the upper or lower lip.
• full-thickness incision that begins laterally, turns vertically and then turns back towards the
opposite lip
• The flap is rotated around the commissure.
• CON: Blunting of the commissure.
Prof Subbiah et al
25. WEBSTER -BERNARD FLAP
• The lower lip is excised in its entirety along with soft tissues and skin; with the resulting
defect closed by lateral cheek flaps –forming a new lower lip.
• triangles of skin are excised from both sides of the upper lip, preserving the mucous
membrane, to help form a new vermilion border.
• PROS: Ability to reconstruct the entire lower lip in a single-stage procedure.
• CONS: Permanent smile deformity and microstomia.
Prof Subbiah et al
27. • Two horizontal full-thickness incisions are made, with one at the level of the commissure,
• second at the level of the resection margin.
• Partial thickness crescent triangles are then excised from the upper and lower cheeks to
allow medial advancement of the flaps.
Prof Subbiah et al
29. VERMILLION RECONSTRUCTION
• LIP SHAVE AKA VERMILLIONECTOMY:
• Vermillionectomy - very superficial lesions in the vermillion- superficial squamous cell
carcinoma, or actinic cheilitis.
• MUCOSAL ADVANCEMENT FLAP: Undermining the labial mucosa in a plane deep to
the minor salivary glands and superficial to the posterior surface of the orbicularis oris.
• achieved by advancing the buccal mucosa to cover the defect and to re-establish the
mucocutaneous junction.
Prof Subbiah et al
32. SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS
• Wound dehiscence
• Flap necrosis
• Microstomia
• Rounding of commissures
• Esthetic considerations
Prof Subbiah et al
33. COMMISUROPLASTY-
BUCCAL MUCOSA ADVANCEMENT
FLAP
• Done for microstomia
• Originally described by Diffenbach
• Unilateral or bilateral
A linear horizontal incision through the lateral extent of oral commissure,
• incising through skin and intraoral mucosa to the depth of the orbicularis oris muscle.
• A triangular area of skin be excised till the required extent.
Prof Subbiah et al
34. • Mucosal incision should be continued laterally 1 cm past the skin incision as
• two oblique incisions creating three mucosal flaps (superior, inferior, and lateral).
• Buccal mucosa is advanced to create the neo-commissure.
Prof Subbiah et al
36. REFERENCES
1. Reconstruction of the lips
Craig l. Cupp, cdr, mc, usnr, wayne f. Larrabee, jr, md
1043-1810/93/0401-000705.00/0
2. Lip reconstruction using the Gillies fan flap
Prabhat K. Bhama, MD, MPH, FACS http://doi.org/10.1016/j.otot.2019.12.005
3. Use of Bernard-Webster flap for lower lip reconstruction after excision of squamous cell carcinoma: analysis of
functional results RAFAEL DENADA et al DOI:10.5935/2177-1235.2015RBCP0110
4. Lip Reconstruction Kate E. McCarn, MD, Stephen S. Park, MD, FACS doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2004.11.005
5. Commissuroplasty Sean M Parsel, DOa , Ryan D Winters, MD http://doi.org/10.1016/j.otot.2019.12.008
Prof Subbiah et al
37. 6.Correction of vermilion lip retraction after mucosal advancement flap: A countertraction
technique Jebyeong Chae, MD et al http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.05.048
Prof Subbiah et al