This document provides an overview of Linux commands and file systems. It begins with an agenda that covers file name conventions, changing passwords, the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), file system types, and commands like find, locate, updatedb, and wildcards. It then discusses file names, changing passwords with a demo, and the FHS. Next, it defines what a file system is and describes different types including their structures, properties, applications, and storage devices. It notes important Linux file systems like ext2, ext3, ext4, and ZFS. The document concludes with explanations and demos of commands like directory shortcuts, find, locate, updatedb, wildcards, links, and practical examples.

1. Linux Commands

2. Linux Commands
By : Khawar Nehal
8 October 2021

3. Agenda
File names conventions
Changing passwords (demo)
File System FHS completion
File system types
Some commands
Find locate and updatedb
Wildcards
Some commands
Links

4. File Names

5. passwd
Demo on terminal
passwd for the user and root

6. FHS

7. Changing the password
Demo of user, root, and any user via root

8. File Names

9. File System Types
In computing, file system or filesystem is a method and
data structure that the operating system uses to control
how data is stored and retrieved.
Without a file system, data placed in a storage medium
would be one large body of data with no way to tell where
one piece of data stops and the next begins.

10. File System Types
By separating the data into pieces and giving each piece
a name, the data is easily isolated and identified.
Taking its name from the way paper-based data
management system is named, each group of data is
called a "file."
The structure and logic rules used to manage the groups
of data and their names is called a "file system."

11. File System Types
There are many different kinds of file systems. Each one
has different structure and logic, properties of speed,
flexibility, security, size and more. Some file systems
have been designed to be used for specific applications.
For example, the ISO 9660 file system is designed
specifically for optical discs.

12. File System Types
File systems can be used on numerous different types of
storage devices that use different kinds of media.
As of 2019, hard disk drives have been key storage
devices and are projected to remain so for the
foreseeable future.
Other kinds of media that are used include SSDs,
magnetic tapes, and optical discs. In some cases, such
as with tmpfs, the computer's main memory (random-
access memory, RAM) is used to create a temporary file
system for short-term use.

13. File System Types
Some file systems are used on local data storage
devices; others provide file access via a network protocol
(for example, NFS, SMB, or 9P clients).
Some file systems are "virtual", meaning that the
supplied "files" (called virtual files) are computed on
request (such as procfs and sysfs) or are merely a
mapping into a different file system used as a backing
store.

14. File System Types
Good summary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system
Comparison
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_file_systems

15. Important ones to know
The ones to know are ext2,3,4 and ZFS.
The others are for advanced specific cases when the
above ones are not capable or compatible.
An example is SSD Drives and NVRAM. Not part of this
intro course.

16. Important ones to know
Ext2, ext3 and ext4 are commonly used in Linux.
When you have less than 3 harddisks in a machine.
ZFS can be used for making storage servers.
When you have at least 3 harddisks in a machine.

17. Some commands
Now we shall continue with some of the hundreds
of Linux and Unix commands available to
administrators.

18. Directory shortcuts

21. Find locate kfind
Find, locate , updatedb and kfind explanation.

22. wildcards

23. wildcards

24. wildcards

25. wildcards

26. wildcards

27. wildcards

28. wildcards

29. wildcards

30. wildcards

31. wildcards

32. wildcards

47. Soft and Hard Links
Ln and ln -s explanation and demo

48. Practical
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