Carolus Linnaeus developed the first hierarchical classification system for organisms. He divided plants into 24 classes based on their stamen characteristics such as number, union, and length. Each class was exemplified by common genera that fit the class description. For example, the class Monandria included plants with one stamen like Canna lily. Linnaeus' system used artificial and sexual characteristics to group organisms and introduced binomial nomenclature, revolutionizing taxonomy.
Poaceae or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass
Binomial System of Nomenclature is used in Taxonomy. It has been first time used consistently by Carolous Linnaeus aka Carl von Linne in his famous Species Plantarum published in 1753.
• Eras of plant classification
• Theophrastus (370-285 B.C.)- Major Contributions
• Gaspard Bauhin (1560-1624)- Major Contributions
• Jean BAUHIN (1541-1613)- Major Contributions
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea, Malva and Lavatera, as well as Tilia
Poaceae or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass
Binomial System of Nomenclature is used in Taxonomy. It has been first time used consistently by Carolous Linnaeus aka Carl von Linne in his famous Species Plantarum published in 1753.
• Eras of plant classification
• Theophrastus (370-285 B.C.)- Major Contributions
• Gaspard Bauhin (1560-1624)- Major Contributions
• Jean BAUHIN (1541-1613)- Major Contributions
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea, Malva and Lavatera, as well as Tilia
the floral formula tells us about the nature of flowers. the floral diagram represents the plan of arrangements of floral whorl in relation to the mother axis.
Definition, Characteristics, Nutrition, Special Structures, Reproduction, Nam...Dr. Rajbir Singh
This Lecture Include the Definition, Main Characteristics, Nutrition, Special Structures, Reproduction (Asexual and Sexual), Naming and Classification (Old and New)of Fungi.
Horticulturist Bill Barash presents information about Plant Families, describing distinguishing characteristics, examples of plants in each family, folkloric and medicinal use
the floral formula tells us about the nature of flowers. the floral diagram represents the plan of arrangements of floral whorl in relation to the mother axis.
Definition, Characteristics, Nutrition, Special Structures, Reproduction, Nam...Dr. Rajbir Singh
This Lecture Include the Definition, Main Characteristics, Nutrition, Special Structures, Reproduction (Asexual and Sexual), Naming and Classification (Old and New)of Fungi.
Horticulturist Bill Barash presents information about Plant Families, describing distinguishing characteristics, examples of plants in each family, folkloric and medicinal use
Amazing & Weird Plants Around the World...!!!Walid Hashmi
Amazing and weird plant species around the world with their description and Photos.
All the carnivorous plants present in our planet
Fascinating plants facts and wonders of Nature
Aloe vera & Neem Plant uses ppt. with animation Krunal Rana
Aloe Vera is really quite an incredible plant. It is a succulent plant and part of the lily family (Liliaceae), the same family that garlic and onions belong to.Aloe Vera contains over 200 active components including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes, polysaccharide, and fatty acids- no wonder it's used for such a wide range of remedies. The bulk of the Aloe Vera leaf is filled with a clear gel-like substance, which is approximately 99% water.
Neem is a fast-growing tree that can reach a height of 15–20 m, rarely to 35–40 m. It is evergreen, but in severe drought it may shed most or nearly all of its leaves. The branches are wide spread. • It blossoms in spring with the small white flowers. It has a straight trunk. Its bark is hard rough and scaly, fissured even in small trees. The color of the bark is brown grayish. The leaves are alternate and consist of several leaflets with serrated edges. Its flowers are small and white in color. The olive like edible fruit is oval, round and thin skinned.
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, shrubs, and perennial or annual herbaceous plants, which are easily recognized by their fruit and their compound, stipulate leaves.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
3. Presented To: Ma’am Aneeqa
Presented By: Farhan Ahmed Tahir (02)
Presented By: Muhammad Anwaar Arshad (04)
3
4. CAROLUS LINNEAUS
Born May 22, 1707 in Rashult, Sweden
Father of Taxonomy
Produced his sexual system of classification (Artificial Classification)
Invented binomial nomenclature
4
5. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL PLANT
CLASSIFICATION
Method of classifying plants based on a limited number of their
physical and sexual characteristics
5
6. BASICS
‘Sexual’ system
Divided plants into 24 classes
Classes based largely on the amount, union and length of stamens
6
7. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Monandria
Canna or canna lily is the
only genus of flowering
plants in the family
Cannaceae, consisting of
10 species. All of the
genus's species are native
to the American
tropics and naturalized in
Europe, India and Africa
in the 1860s.
With one stamen Canna, Lemna
7
8. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Diandria
Lepidium is a genus of plants
in the mustard/cabbage
family, Brassicaceae. The
genus is widely distributed in
the Americas, Africa, Asia,
Europe, and Australia. It
includes familiar species such
as garden cress, maca,
and dittander.
General common
names include peppercress,
peppergrass, pepper weed,
and pepperwort.
With two stamens Veronica, Lapidium
8
9. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Triandria
Iris is a flowering plant genus of
310 accepted species with
showy flowers. As well as being
the scientific name, iris is also
widely used as a common name
for all Iris species, as well as
some belonging to other closely
related genera Nearly all species
are found in temperate Northern
Hemisphere zones,
from Europe to Asia and across
North America.
Uses: They are also used
in various traditional
medicines for the treatment
of inflammations, cancer,
bacterial and viral infections,
and other diseases.
With three stamens Iris, Grasses
9
10. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Tetrandria
Elms are deciduous and semi-
deciduous trees comprising the
genus Ulmus in the
family Ulmaceae. They are
distributed over most of the
Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting
the temperate and tropical-
montane regions of North
America and Eurasia, presently
ranging southward in the Middle
East to Lebanon and Israel,[1] and
across the Equator in the Far East
into Indonesia.
Uses: Elm wood is valued for its
interlocking grain, and
consequent resistance to
splitting, with significant uses
in wagon-wheel
hubs, chair seats, and coffins.
With four stamens Ulmus, Protea
10
11. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Pentandria
Ipomoea is the largest genus in the
plant family Convolvulaceae, with
over 600 species. It is a large and
diverse group, with common names
including morning glory, water
convolvulus or water spinach, sweet
potato, bindweed, moonflower, etc
The genus occurs throughout the
tropical and sub tropical regions of
world.
Uses: Most species have spectacular,
colorful flowers, and are often grown
as ornamentals, and a number
of cultivars have been developed.
Their deep flowers attract
large Lepidoptera - especially
the Sphingidae, such as the pink-
spotted hawk moth (Agrius cingulata)
- or even hummingbirds.
With five stamens Ipomoea,Primula
11
12. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Hexandria
Lilium is
a genus of herbaceous flowering
plants growing from bulbs, all
with large prominent flowers.
They are the true lilies. Lilies are
a group of flowering plants
which are important in culture
and literature in much of the
world. Most species are native to
the Northern Hemisphere and
their range is temperate
climates and extends into
the subtropics.
Uses: Lily bulbs are starchy and
edible as root vegetables, though
bulbs of some species may be too
bitter to eat.
With six stamens Lilium,Allisma
12
13. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Heptandria
Lysimachia
borealis (synonym Trientalis
borealis), the starflower, is a North
American woodland perennial that
blooms between May and June.
Lysimachia borealis is found from
Canada to north-central and eastern
United States. It is found
in temperate climates
Uses: Starflower has virtually no
edible uses and very limited
medicinal uses. It was not widely
used for medicinal purposes by
native American groups. However,
several groups are said to have used
it as a treatment for ailments of the
eye
With seven stamens Trientalis
13
14. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Octandria
Vaccinium is a common and
widespread genus of shrubs or dwarf
shrubs in the heath
family (Ericaceae).. The genus
contains about 450 species,[17] which
are found mostly in the cooler areas of
the Northern Hemisphere, although
there are tropical species from areas
as widely separated
as Madagascar and Hawaii. The genus
is distributed worldwide except for
Australia and Antarctica.
Uses: The plants bear edible berries
that are high in nutritive value and are
obviously of dietary use. The plants
are of medicinal use in treating
several diseases like diabetes, several
ocular diseases, and vascular
disorders.
With eight stamens Vaccinium
14
15. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Enneandria
Rheum is a genus of about
60 herbaceous perennial plants in the
family Polygonaceae. Species are
native to eastern Europe, southern and
eastern temperate Asia, with a few
reaching into northern tropical
Asia. Rheum is cultivated in Europe
and North America. The genus
includes the vegetable rhubarb.
Uses: Many Rheum species have food
and medicinal uses. Some of these
uses originated in Asia more than
2,000 years ago. All parts of the plant
contain slightly poisonous oxalic acid,
but its concentration in the leaf stems
or petioles used in food preparation is
very low, and their tart flavor instead
is caused by nontoxic malic acid.
With nine stamens Rheum,Ranunculus
15
16. Class Characters Examples
Decandria
Oxalis is a large genus of flowering
plants in the wood-sorrel
family Oxalidaceae, comprising over
550 species.The genus occurs
throughout most of the world, except
for the polar areas; species diversity is
particularly rich in
tropical Brazil, Mexico, and South
Africa.
Uses: Several species are grown
as pot plants or as ornamental
plants in gardens, for example, O.
versicolor.
With ten stamens Oxalis
16
18. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Dodecandria
Reseda also known as
the mignonette is a genus of
fragrant herbaceous plants native
to Europe, southwest
Asia and North Africa, from
the Canary
Islands and Iberia east to
northwest India.
Uses: Mignonette flowers are
extremely fragrant. It is grown
for the sweet ambrosial scent of
its flowers. It is used in flower
arrangements, perfumes and potp
ourri.
With 11-19 stamens Reseda,Calla
18
19. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Icosandria
A rose is either a
woody perennial flowering
plant of the genus Rosa in the
family Rosaceae or the flower it
bears. There are over three
hundred species and tens of
thousands of cultivars.
Uses: Roses are best known
as ornamental plants grown for
their flowers in the garden and
sometimes indoors. They have
been also used for commercial
perfumery and commercial cut
flower crops.
Stamens 20 or more,on the
calyx
Rosa,Rubus
19
20. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Polyandria
Tilia is a genus of about 30
species of trees or bushes, native
throughout most of
the temperate Northern
Hemisphere. The tree is known
as linden for the European
species, and basswood for North
American species.
Uses: Linden trees produce soft
and easily worked timber, which
has very little grain and a density
of 560 kg/m3.It was often used
by Germanic tribes for
constructing shields. It is a
popular wood for model building
and for intricate carving.
Stamens 20 or more on the
receptacle Tilia,Papaver
20
21. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Didynamia
The Lamiaceae or Labiatae are
a family of flowering
plants commonly known as
the mint, deadnettle or sage fam
ily. Many of the plants
are aromatic in all parts and
include widely used
culinary herbs like basil, mint, ro
semary, sage, savory, marjoram,
oregano.
Uses: Several medicinal
properties have been attributed to
this plant. Essential oil of tulsi
has been reported to possess
100% larvicidal activity against
the Culex mosquitoes. Trials
have shown excellent
antimalarial activity of tulsi.
Stamens didynamous;2
short, 2 long Labiatae
21
22. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Tetradynamia
Brassicaceae or Cruciferae is a
medium-sized and economically
important family of flowering
plants commonly known as
the mustards, the crucifers, or
the cabbage family. Brassicaceae can
be found almost on the entire land
surface of the planet, but the family is
absent from Antarctica, and also
absent from some areas in the tropics
i.e. northeastern Brazil, the Congo
basin, Maritime Southeast Asia and
tropical Australasia.
Uses: This family includes important
agricultural crops, among which many
vegetables such
as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale
, Brussels sprouts, collard
greens, Savoy, kohlrabi.
Stamens tetradynamous;4 long, 2
short
Cruciferae
22
23. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Monadelphia
Malvaceae , or the mallows, is a
family of flowering
plants estimated to contain 244
genera with 4225 known species.
Most species are found
in Mexico, tropical Central and
South America, Africa,
Madagascar, India, south east
and east Asia, Papuasia and
Australia.
Uses: Hibiscus is used for treating
loss of appetite, colds, heart and
nerve diseases, upper respiratory
tract pain and swelling
(inflammation), fluid retention,
stomach irritation, and disorders of
circulation
Stamens Monadelphous
united in 1 group Malvaceae(Hibiscus)
23
24. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Diadephia
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,co
mmonly known as the legume, pea,
or bean family, are a large and
agriculturally
important family of flowering
plants with about 765 genera and
nearly 20,000 known species. The
Fabaceae have an essentially
worldwide distribution, being
found everywhere except
Antarctica and the high Arctic.
Uses: Several species of Fabaceae
are used to produce dyes. The
heartwood of
logwood, Haematoxylon
campechianum, is used to produce
red and purple dyes.
The histological stain
called haematoxylin is produced
from this species.
Stamens diadelphous; united in 2
groups Fabaceae
24
25. Class Characters Examples
Polyadelphia
Hypericum is
a genus of flowering plants in
the family Hypericaceae (former
ly considered a subfamily
of Clusiaceae).The genus has a
nearly worldwide distribution,
missing only
from tropical lowlands, deserts a
nd polar regions.
Uses: Depression. Taking
specific St. John's wort extracts
by mouth is effective for mild or
moderate depression. Certain St.
John's wort products might work
as well as some prescription
drugs and might cause fewer side
effects.
Stamens polyadelphous
united in 3 or more groups Hypericum
25
26. Class Characters Examples
Syngenesia
The family Asteraceae, with the
original name Compositae,[5] consists
of over 32,000 known species
of flowering plants in over 1,900
genera within the order Asterales.
Asteraceae species have a widespread
distribution, from subpolar to tropical
regions in a wide variety of habitats.
Most occur in hot desert and cold or
hot semi-desert climates, and they are
found on every continent but
Antarctica.
Uses: Asteraceae is an economically
important family, providing products
such as cooking oils, leaf
vegetables like lettuce, sunflower
seeds, artichokes, sweetening agents,
coffee substitutes and herbal teas.
Stamens syngenesious; united
by anthers only Compositae
26
27. Class Characters Examples
Gynandria
Orchids are plants that belong to
the family Orchidaceae.a
diverse and widespread group
of flowering plants with blooms
that are often colourful and
fragrant. It contains about 28,000
currently
accepted species distributed
across 763 genera.
Uses: The scent of orchids is
frequently analysed
by perfumers (using headspace
technology and gas-liquid
chromatography/mass
spectrometry) to identify
potential fragrance chemicals.
Stamens united with the
gynoecium Orchidaceae
27
28. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Monoecia
Morus, a genus of flowering
plants in the family Moraceae,
consists of diverse species
of deciduous trees commonly
known as mulberries, growing
wild and under cultivation in
many temperate world regions.
Uses: White mulberry leaves are
the preferred feedstock for
silkworms, and are also cut for
food for livestock (cattle, goats,
etc.) in areas where dry seasons
restrict the availability of ground
vegetation.
The leaves are prepared as tea in
Korea. The fruit are also eaten,
often dried or made into wine.
Plants monoecious Morus(Mulberry),Typha
28
29. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Dioecia
Willows, also
called sallows and osiers, of
the genus Salix, comprise around
350 species (plus numerous
hybrids) of
typically deciduous trees
and shrubs, found primarily on
moist soils in cold
and temperate regions.
Uses: The bark of some species
of Salix trees has been used for
treating inflammatory and
arthritis-related conditions since
ancient times.
Plants dioecious Salix,Juniperus
29
30. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Polygamia
Acer palmatum, commonly known
as Japanese maple,palmate
maple, or smooth Japanese maple
is a species of woody plant native
to Japan, Korea, China,
eastern Mongolia, and
southeast Russia.
Uses: These plants have been
traditionally used to treat a wide
range of diseases in East Asia and
North America. Moreover, clinical
studies have shown that medicinal
plants belonging to Acer are highly
effective in the treatment of
rheumatism, bruises, hepatic
disorders, eye disease, and pain,
and in detoxification.
Plants polygamous Acer
30
31. CLASS CHARACTERS EXAMPLES
Cryptogamia
A cryptogam (scientific
name Cryptogamae) is a plant
(in the wide sense of the word) or
a plant-like organism that
reproduces by spores, without
flowers or seeds.
Uses: Ferns have historically been
used extensively by humans
as ornamental plants, in domestic
utensils, in handicrafts, as
components of cosmetic formulations
and foodstuffs, and for medicinal
purposes. cryptogams are known to
be good bioindicators (e.g., of
substrates; of plant community
conditions; or of air, water, and soil
pollution) and are used in various
environmental studies.
Flowerless Plants Fern,Algae,Fungi
31