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K.Muthulakshmi M.Sc., M.Phil.,
Assistant Professor
V.V.Vanniaperumal College for Women,
Virudhunagar
1
Ordinary Linear Differential
Equations of Second Order
2
• Linear differential equation of Second order
with constant Coefficient
• Linear differential equation of Second order
with variable coefficient
INTRODUCTION
⚫ General FormofLinear Differential Equa
tion
⚫ WhereP andQ botharecons
tants
(independent variable)
d
3
2
y d y
d x 2
d x
 P  Q y  R
⚫ R is the function ofx
or zeroor constant
• Solution of linear Differential Equation of Second
Order with Constant Coefficient
dx2
dx
d2
y

dy
P Qy  R
Nowwe can write as above D.E
D 2
y  PDy  Qy  R
4
D 2
 PD  Q y  R
 Complete (General) Solution of Differential Equation
dx 2
dx
 General Sol.= Complementary Function + Particular Integral
Y = C.F. + P.I.
5
d 2
y

dy
P  Qy  R
Method of ComplementaryFunction(C.F
.)
6
D2
 PD  Qy  R.........(1)
Replace D by m in Equation (1)
Auxiliary Equation (A.E.)
m2
 PmQ  0
Case-I when the roots of A.E. are real and distinct
Let
Let
m m1,m2
Then
Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary Constants.
Example: Solve the given differential equation
Solution: The given equation is
Auxiliary Equation
7
Here Particular Integral = 0 (because R=0)
8
Now General solution Y = C.F. +P.I.
Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary Constants.
Example: solve the given differential equation
d 2
y d y
d x 2
d x
 3  5 4 y  0
Solution: The given equation is
A.E.
Or
Now General Solution Y = C.F. + P.I.
9
Case-II When the roots of A.E. are real and equal
Let
Then
Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary Constants.
Example: Solve the given differential equation
Solution: The given equation is
10
Here Auxiliary Equation is
Or
General Solution Y = C.F. + P.I
Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary Constants
11
Case-III when the roots of A.E. are Imaginary (Complex)
Let
Then
If
Then
Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary Constants
12
Example: solve the given differential equation
Solution: The given equation is
Auxiliary Equation is
Now General Solution Y = C.F. + P.I.
13
Example-: Solve the given differential equation
Solution: The given equation is
Here A.E. is
Now General Solution Y= C.F. + P.I.
Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants.
14
Linear Equation with constant coefficient.pptx

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Linear Equation with constant coefficient.pptx

  • 1. K.Muthulakshmi M.Sc., M.Phil., Assistant Professor V.V.Vanniaperumal College for Women, Virudhunagar
  • 2. 1
  • 3. Ordinary Linear Differential Equations of Second Order 2 • Linear differential equation of Second order with constant Coefficient • Linear differential equation of Second order with variable coefficient
  • 4. INTRODUCTION ⚫ General FormofLinear Differential Equa tion ⚫ WhereP andQ botharecons tants (independent variable) d 3 2 y d y d x 2 d x  P  Q y  R ⚫ R is the function ofx or zeroor constant
  • 5. • Solution of linear Differential Equation of Second Order with Constant Coefficient dx2 dx d2 y  dy P Qy  R Nowwe can write as above D.E D 2 y  PDy  Qy  R 4 D 2  PD  Q y  R
  • 6.  Complete (General) Solution of Differential Equation dx 2 dx  General Sol.= Complementary Function + Particular Integral Y = C.F. + P.I. 5 d 2 y  dy P  Qy  R
  • 7. Method of ComplementaryFunction(C.F .) 6 D2  PD  Qy  R.........(1) Replace D by m in Equation (1) Auxiliary Equation (A.E.) m2  PmQ  0 Case-I when the roots of A.E. are real and distinct Let Let m m1,m2
  • 8. Then Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary Constants. Example: Solve the given differential equation Solution: The given equation is Auxiliary Equation 7
  • 9. Here Particular Integral = 0 (because R=0) 8 Now General solution Y = C.F. +P.I. Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary Constants.
  • 10. Example: solve the given differential equation d 2 y d y d x 2 d x  3  5 4 y  0 Solution: The given equation is A.E. Or Now General Solution Y = C.F. + P.I. 9
  • 11. Case-II When the roots of A.E. are real and equal Let Then Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary Constants. Example: Solve the given differential equation Solution: The given equation is 10
  • 12. Here Auxiliary Equation is Or General Solution Y = C.F. + P.I Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary Constants 11
  • 13. Case-III when the roots of A.E. are Imaginary (Complex) Let Then If Then Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary Constants 12
  • 14. Example: solve the given differential equation Solution: The given equation is Auxiliary Equation is Now General Solution Y = C.F. + P.I. 13
  • 15. Example-: Solve the given differential equation Solution: The given equation is Here A.E. is Now General Solution Y= C.F. + P.I. Where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants. 14