Limitation Of Walthers Law
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Walther's law states that sedimentary rock layers are deposited continuously without major breaks in the order they were deposited. However, the document discusses limitations of Walther's law observed in Chandipur, India. Barrier bar and swamp facies were found deposited out of order, with sand deposited on top of mud. This is because sand is non-cohesive and can be transported more easily than cohesive mud, leading to differential migration rates between sand and mud bodies. While most conditions of Walther's law were satisfied, the observation of eroded mud layers beneath sand shows it is not always perfectly followed.
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![[object Object],[object Object],1)Succession without a major break in Sedimentation. 2)No significant change in the external factors. The various deposits of same Facies area and the sum of the rocks in different facies area which are lying beside eachother ,and in crustal profile we can see them lying on top of eachother.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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This document provides an overview of sedimentology and its applications in the petroleum industry. It discusses key concepts in sedimentology including sedimentary rocks, depositional environments, sediment transport processes, and sedimentary structures. These concepts are important for understanding reservoir heterogeneity, predicting texture, and informing exploration and production strategies. The document cautions against oversimplifying depositional environments and stresses the importance of analyzing sediment transport and depositional processes to avoid misinterpretation.
Alluvial fan.pptx
Delta systems form at river mouths where sediment is deposited as the river enters a body of water such as an ocean or lake. Deltas are classified based on whether river currents, waves, or tides dominate sediment deposition. River-dominated deltas have bird's-foot shapes, wave-dominated deltas are flat, and tide-dominated deltas have sand bars perpendicular to the shoreline. Deltas are composed of prodelta sediments farther from shore and delta front and delta plain sediments closer to shore, characterized by upward coarsening sediments and cross-bedding indicating sediment deposition.
Mms csl nabfinal 2002 ld
The document summarizes research on the physical impacts of marine aggregate mining. Sidescan sonar and sediment sampling were used to study changes to seabed composition from dredging. ADCP and water sampling showed plumes of suspended sediments can extend kilometers from dredging vessels. Dredging results in shallow furrows from trailing dredges and deeper pits from anchored dredges. Statistical analysis found mined sites had distinct sediment characteristics from surrounding areas.
Fault seal analysis final text
The document summarizes a fault seal analysis study conducted on two gas fields in the Middle Indus Basin of Pakistan to better understand fault compartmentalization and identify additional drilling locations. The study analyzed attributes of 15 faults including shale gouge ratio, clay smear potential, and reservoir juxtaposition. Results showed the major strike-slip faults are sealing due to sand-shale juxtaposition and high shale gouge ratios, while associated normal faults are leaking due to sand-sand juxtaposition and lower attribute values. The analysis helped identify new development well locations and reduce exploration risks.
Sedimentology Lecture 6. shelves & turbidites
The continental shelf is a submerged physiographic unit that represents the ascent between the coastal area and the continental escarpment. Its extent varies due to tectonic factors, reaching several hundred kilometers in some areas or being very narrow or absent in others. Sediments on the continental shelf include fine sandy sediments transported by coastal storms and muddy sediments transported offshore in suspension and deposited across the shelf. These sediments form successions hundreds of meters thick characterized by rhythmic layers of mud and fine sand. Turbidity currents can transport sediments from the continental shelf over the continental slope and form deep-water turbidite deposits.
Morphodynamics and sedimentology of coarse clastic shorelines
Coarse clastic shorelines are characterized by large material between 2-2000mm and a steep shore-face. They may be barriers that enclose lagoons and migrate inland, or confined beaches between headlands. Slope morphology determines reflective or dissipative behavior. Edge waves form swash cusps that control sediment movement and sorting, and can cause barrier breaching. Sediment transport is dominated by bedload. Beaches become organized as clasts sort by size and shape.
absolute and relative dating.pptx
Describe how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed,
Describe the different methods (relative and absolute dating) to determine the age of stratified rocks, and
Explain how relative and absolute dating were used to determine the subdivisions of geologic time.
The relative age of a rock is its age when compared with the ages of other rocks The absolute age of a rock is a calculation of the number of years that have passed since the rock formed.
Saltmarsh dynamics
Types of marsh shore, models for sedimentation, and the features and ecology of mangroves are outlined in this presentation.
16. the astonishing genesis flood, part 3
This document discusses additional evidence for the Genesis Flood described in the Bible. It presents three key pieces of evidence:
1) Many sedimentary rock formations are unusually widespread, covering areas much larger than could be explained by local flooding or erosion. Their widespread distribution is better explained by a global catastrophic flood.
2) The rate at which continents are currently being eroded by rivers and weathering is too fast if the continents are assumed to be billions of years old, as conventional geology proposes. The present rates of erosion suggest the continents could have been eroded away many times over.
3) Flat gaps known as paraconformities exist between sedimentary layers, with significant amounts of geologic time assumed to be
DRRR – Other Geological Hazards
Hello! I've created this PowerPoint presentation as a requisite in Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction subject during SY 2019–2020.
Other Geological Hazards
- Bolide Impact
- Ground Subsidence
- Coastal Erosion
Should you need a .pptx file, kindly email me at rd.chrxlr@gmail.com.
September 2023.pptx
About Carbonate Diagenesis: Meteoritic diagenesis is a transformation that occurs at or near the Earth’s surface in strata influenced or penetrated by water of recent atmospheric origin. The meteoritic environment is generally divided into unsaturated (vadose) and saturated (phreatic) zones separated by a water table (see top diagram, opposite page). The interfaces between meteoritic surface fluids and layers filled with other pore fluids (seawater or groundwater) are “mixing zones” that may have special diagenetic properties.
Many, perhaps even most, shallow marine carbonate deposits are subject to meteoric diagenesis, either by the buildup of sediments above sea level or by a subsidence of sea level that exposes the platform carbonates. In addition, meteoric water can circulate far below the land surface and alter carbonate deposits that are far older than the exposure interval. Meteoric processes typically occur over periods of hundreds to millions of years.
Coastal engineering introduction
This document provides an overview of coastal engineering processes and applications. It begins with an introduction to coastal processes, including terminology, typical coastal zones, and examples of engineering projects. It then covers topics like sediment characteristics, long-term processes like sea level rise, hydrodynamics including tides, storms, and water waves. Methods for measuring and modeling coastal responses are discussed, along with techniques for modifying shorelines like beach nourishment and hard structures. The document uses diagrams and photographs of international case studies to illustrate key concepts in coastal engineering.
CLIMATE CHANGE, SEA-LEVEL RISE and COASTAL GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
CLIMATE CHANGE, SEA-LEVEL RISE
and
COASTAL GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
URI Climate Change Symposium
5 May 2011
Jon C. Boothroyd
Rhode Island State Geologist,
Research Professor Emeritus – Quaternary Geology
-------------
Rhode Island Geological Survey and Department of Geosciences
College of the Environment and Life Sciences
University of Rhode Island
jon_boothroyd@uri.edu
Formation of coastline
The document summarizes the formation and types of coastlines. It defines a coastline as the boundary where land meets the sea. Coastlines are formed through the erosion and deposition actions of waves, tides, currents and other marine processes on sediments and rocks. Major coastal landforms include beaches formed from sediment deposition, as well as erosional features like sea cliffs, wave-cut platforms, sea stacks and sea arches formed through wave erosion. Coastlines are classified based on their dominant formation processes into primary coastlines formed through terrestrial processes and secondary coastlines formed through marine erosion and deposition.
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Limitation Of Walthers Law
- 1. LIMITATION OF WALTHER’S LAW PRESENTED BY : ARUNAVA SAHA DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY
- 5. Vertical succession produced by Bar and Swamp Facies : Must Satisfy Conditions of Walther’s Law. >> Might produce alternate sequence of mud and sand.
- 7. jj Resuts: Sand can be transported easily. Effect:Differential rate of migration between sand and mud /swamp body. >>Observation revealed compacted nature and plane lamination of eroded mud layers.
- 9. Figure 1: Walther‘s law : fining up sequence