Light & Reflection
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Light travels in straight lines called photons at a fixed speed of 299,792,458 meters per second in a vacuum. Reflection occurs when light hits a surface and bounces off, either regularly like a mirror or diffusely, scattering the light. A shadow is the dark area behind an object that blocks light from directly reaching a surface, forming a two-dimensional silhouette of the object.
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Light and Shadow
Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines and allows us to see objects. It can behave as both a particle and a wave. Light sources like the sun emit light, while other objects appear visible when light reflects off of their surfaces. Light can be transmitted through transparent materials, scattered through translucent materials, or blocked by opaque materials. When light hits an object, it can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted. Shadows are formed when an object blocks light from a source, and their size depends on the distance between the object and light source. Light plays an important role in vision, photosynthesis, and warming the Earth.
Human eye and colourful world
The human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive sense organs in the human body. It enables us to see the wonderful world and colours around us.
Structure of eye:
The human eye has the following main parts:
Cornea: It is the transparent spherical membrane covering the front of the eye. Light enters the eye through this membrane.
Crystalline lens: The eyes lens is a convex lens made of a transparent, soft and flexible material like a jelly made of proteins.
Iris: It is a dark muscular diaphragm between the cornea and the lens. It controls the size of the pupil. It is the colour of the iris that we call as the colour of the eye.
Pupil: It is a small hole between the iris through which light enters the eye. In dim light, it opens up completely due to expansion of iris muscles, but in bright light it becomes very small due to contraction of iris muscles.
Light Reflection
Light reflects off surfaces according to two laws: 1) the incident, reflected, and normal rays all lie in the same plane, and 2) the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Reflection can be regular or irregular depending on the surface, but the laws apply to both; regular reflection occurs off smooth surfaces and results in upright, virtual images of the same size as the object located the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front.
Refraction through lenses
The document discusses refraction rules for converging and diverging lenses. It states that for a converging lens, any ray parallel to the principal axis will pass through the focal point on the opposite side, and any ray through the focal point will exit parallel to the principal axis. For a diverging lens, any ray parallel to the principal axis will pass through the focal point, and any ray toward the focal point will exit parallel to the principal axis. Additionally, any ray passing through the center of either lens will continue in the same direction.
Notes on Optics
Optics is the study of light and how it interacts with mirrors and lenses. Light travels in straight lines and can be reflected or refracted when it hits a surface. Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface at the same angle, while refraction causes light to bend when moving between materials of different densities. Plane mirrors produce virtual images using the law of reflection. Spherical mirrors can produce virtual or real images depending on whether the object is inside or outside the focal length. Refraction is governed by Snell's law and causes light to bend when passing through materials like glass or water.
Lights and shadows
The document discusses different aspects of light, including how light travels, refraction, reflection, how we see colors, and shadows. Light travels in straight lines and we see objects when light bounces off them and enters our eyes. Refraction is when light changes direction when moving between materials of different density, like a pencil in water. Reflection is when light bounces off shiny smooth surfaces, allowing us to see reflections. We see colors based on which wavelengths of light are absorbed versus reflected by an object. Shadows are formed when an opaque object blocks the path of light.
REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT
Light is necessary for sight and interacts with the eyes and brain to allow us to see. Reflection occurs when light changes direction at the interface between two different media, following the law that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Refraction is when a light ray changes direction and speed as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in density.
Light reflection and refaraction
This document discusses the properties of reflection and refraction of light by spherical mirrors and lenses. It defines key terms like focal length, pole, principal axis, image formation, magnification, and sign conventions. The laws of reflection and refraction are described, including the mirror formula, lens formula, and definitions of refractive index. Image formation diagrams are presented for concave and convex mirrors and lenses. Common uses of these optical components are also noted.
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Light and Shadow
Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines and allows us to see objects. It can behave as both a particle and a wave. Light sources like the sun emit light, while other objects appear visible when light reflects off of their surfaces. Light can be transmitted through transparent materials, scattered through translucent materials, or blocked by opaque materials. When light hits an object, it can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted. Shadows are formed when an object blocks light from a source, and their size depends on the distance between the object and light source. Light plays an important role in vision, photosynthesis, and warming the Earth.
Human eye and colourful world
The human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive sense organs in the human body. It enables us to see the wonderful world and colours around us.
Structure of eye:
The human eye has the following main parts:
Cornea: It is the transparent spherical membrane covering the front of the eye. Light enters the eye through this membrane.
Crystalline lens: The eyes lens is a convex lens made of a transparent, soft and flexible material like a jelly made of proteins.
Iris: It is a dark muscular diaphragm between the cornea and the lens. It controls the size of the pupil. It is the colour of the iris that we call as the colour of the eye.
Pupil: It is a small hole between the iris through which light enters the eye. In dim light, it opens up completely due to expansion of iris muscles, but in bright light it becomes very small due to contraction of iris muscles.
Light Reflection
Light reflects off surfaces according to two laws: 1) the incident, reflected, and normal rays all lie in the same plane, and 2) the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Reflection can be regular or irregular depending on the surface, but the laws apply to both; regular reflection occurs off smooth surfaces and results in upright, virtual images of the same size as the object located the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front.
Refraction through lenses
The document discusses refraction rules for converging and diverging lenses. It states that for a converging lens, any ray parallel to the principal axis will pass through the focal point on the opposite side, and any ray through the focal point will exit parallel to the principal axis. For a diverging lens, any ray parallel to the principal axis will pass through the focal point, and any ray toward the focal point will exit parallel to the principal axis. Additionally, any ray passing through the center of either lens will continue in the same direction.
Notes on Optics
Optics is the study of light and how it interacts with mirrors and lenses. Light travels in straight lines and can be reflected or refracted when it hits a surface. Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface at the same angle, while refraction causes light to bend when moving between materials of different densities. Plane mirrors produce virtual images using the law of reflection. Spherical mirrors can produce virtual or real images depending on whether the object is inside or outside the focal length. Refraction is governed by Snell's law and causes light to bend when passing through materials like glass or water.
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The document discusses different aspects of light, including how light travels, refraction, reflection, how we see colors, and shadows. Light travels in straight lines and we see objects when light bounces off them and enters our eyes. Refraction is when light changes direction when moving between materials of different density, like a pencil in water. Reflection is when light bounces off shiny smooth surfaces, allowing us to see reflections. We see colors based on which wavelengths of light are absorbed versus reflected by an object. Shadows are formed when an opaque object blocks the path of light.
REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT
Light is necessary for sight and interacts with the eyes and brain to allow us to see. Reflection occurs when light changes direction at the interface between two different media, following the law that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Refraction is when a light ray changes direction and speed as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in density.
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This document discusses the properties of reflection and refraction of light by spherical mirrors and lenses. It defines key terms like focal length, pole, principal axis, image formation, magnification, and sign conventions. The laws of reflection and refraction are described, including the mirror formula, lens formula, and definitions of refractive index. Image formation diagrams are presented for concave and convex mirrors and lenses. Common uses of these optical components are also noted.
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The document discusses the principles of image formation using lenses and how lenses are used in corrective lenses. It covers the basics of refraction, how converging and diverging lenses form images using ray tracing rules, and examples of how converging and diverging lenses can correct for nearsightedness and farsightedness by forming intermediate images at the appropriate focal points for the eye. Diagrams illustrate the ray tracing and image formation for different types of lenses. Exercises provide examples of using the ray tracing rules to locate images.
light
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Light travels in straight lines at a speed of around 300,000 kilometres per second, much faster than sound. We see objects because they reflect light into our eyes. Shadows are formed when light is blocked by an object. Light reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them, following the law of reflection. White light is made up of the colors of the rainbow which can be split and recombined.
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Light travels in straight lines at a speed of around 300,000 kilometres per second, much faster than sound. We see objects because they reflect light into our eyes. Shadows are formed when light is blocked by an object. Light reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them, following the law of reflection. White light is made up of the colors of the rainbow which can be split and recombined.
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Light is electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye that has wavelengths between 380-740 nm. It exhibits properties of both waves and particles. Light travels at 299,792,458 m/s in a vacuum. It can be produced through various mechanisms and sources like the sun. Theories of light include the particle theory, wave theory, and quantum theory. Light behaves as both a wave and particle and can be reflected, exhibiting the laws of reflection.
Optics 09 april 2021
Light can be defined as energy that the human eye can see. There are three broad subfields of optics: geometrical optics which studies light as rays, physical optics which studies light as waves, and quantum optics which studies light as particles. Geometrical optics includes the laws of reflection and refraction. Physical optics demonstrates that light exhibits wave properties through interference and diffraction. Quantum optics examines light at the quantum scale. Polarization and dispersion are also properties of light discussed in the document. Visual field loss in glaucoma can be detected earlier using blue light stimuli on a yellow background due to the eye's sensitivity to different wavelengths.
Light
This document summarizes key developments in the understanding of light from ancient Greek philosophers to present day. It describes early theories that light consisted of particles (Pythagoras, Newton) or waves (Aristotle, Huygens, Young), experiments measuring the speed of light (Galileo, Roemer, Maxwell), the establishment of light as electromagnetic radiation, and the modern understanding of light exhibiting both wave and particle properties.
senior high physical science Q2 WEEK 3.pptx
Waves transfer energy through a medium or space. Light waves are a type of electromagnetic wave that can travel through vacuum. Isaac Newton showed that white light is made up of all the visible colors, which can be separated using a prism. Light exhibits properties of both waves and particles. As waves, light can diffract and refract. As particles, called photons, light can eject electrons from metals. Different frequencies of light correspond to different energies and colors. The human eye perceives color due to different light wavelengths stimulating color receptor cells in the retina.
Optical properties of nanomaterials
The document summarizes optical properties of nanomaterials. It discusses topics like optics, optical properties of materials, thin film interference, luminescence, photonic crystals, photoconductivity, solar cells, and optical properties of quantum wells and quantum dots. In particular, it explains how the size-dependent band gap of quantum dots leads to size-tunable fluorescence colors, making quantum dots useful for applications like biological imaging and white LEDs.
Physics Light.pptx
Light is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. It behaves both as a wave and as particles called photons. Light travels in straight lines at a constant speed and contains wavelengths that correspond to different colors. When light interacts with matter, it can be reflected, refracted, diffracted, dispersed, or polarized. Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface, refraction when it changes direction passing between media of different densities, and diffraction when it spreads out around obstacles. Dispersion separates light into a spectrum, and polarization reduces the oscillation of light waves. Early humans imitated the sun's natural light with fire, then candles and oil lamps, and now use electricity for illumination.
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This PowerPoint presentation summarizes key information about light, including its nature, history of theories about it, characterization, sources, laws, and transmission. Light is an electromagnetic wave that can travel freely through space. Historically, theories described light as particles, waves, and electromagnetic radiation. Light exhibits properties of polarization, coherence, and interference. Natural light sources include the sun, stars, and fire, while artificial sources are light bulbs, neon signs, and candles. Laws of reflection and refraction govern how light interacts with surfaces and changes direction when passing between mediums of different densities. Light can be transmitted through transparent, translucent, or opaque materials. The presentation was created by five students at BaStateU ARASOF
Light
Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation that travels in waves. It can be reflected, refracted, or absorbed when it interacts with matter. Light travels in straight lines until it encounters an object, where it can be reflected, refracted, scattered, or absorbed. The speed and direction of light changes when moving between materials of different densities. Light is visible to humans in the form of different wavelengths that make up the visible spectrum.
Light
Light is electromagnetic radiation that travels in waves. It has properties of both waves and particles. Light waves have different wavelengths and frequencies that determine their energy levels. Light can be reflected, refracted, absorbed, or transmitted when it interacts with matter. Common light sources produce light through incandescence or luminescence. The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation including visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays and more, arranged by wavelength and frequency.
Light introduction (3)
The document provides information about light and its characteristics. It discusses that light is a form of electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. It travels in waves and its wavelength determines properties like color. The document then describes characteristics of light such as its speed changing between mediums while frequency remains the same. It also discusses terminology related to light like luminance, luminaires, and illuminance. The properties of light covered include reflection, refraction, dispersion, interference and polarization.
Unit 5. light
Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation that travels in waves. It can come from natural or artificial sources and travels in straight lines at a speed of about 300,000 km/s in a vacuum. Light has properties of propagation in straight lines, reflection off surfaces, and refraction when passing between different mediums. Shadows are formed when an opaque object blocks light, and solar and lunar eclipses occur due to the alignment of the sun, moon, and earth. The human eye can see visible light, but defects like myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism affect vision.
Characteristics of light
Light is electromagnetic radiation that exhibits properties of both waves and particles. It travels as transverse electromagnetic waves at a speed of approximately 300,000 km/s in a vacuum. When light interacts with matter, it can be reflected, refracted, dispersed, absorbed, or cause materials to become polarized. Key phenomena include reflection at interfaces, refraction due to changes in refractive index, dispersion causing separation of wavelengths, selective absorption of different colors, and polarization of light through restricting vibrations to one plane.
3 polarization
This document discusses various optical phenomena related to the behavior of light, including:
- Diffraction and how it causes light to spread out when passing through narrow openings.
- Polarization of light from selective absorption, reflection, scattering, and double refraction.
- How polarized light can be analyzed using polarizing filters.
- Optical properties of liquid crystals and how they can be used in displays by controlling the polarization of transmitted light with an applied electric field.
01 properties of light
The document discusses various theories of light, including Newton's corpuscular theory, Huygens' wave theory, Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, and Einstein's quantum theory. It also discusses key properties of light such as reflection, refraction, interference, polarization, diffraction, and dispersion. Optical science refers to the study of light and its interactions with matter. Light can be defined as energy that the human eye is sensitive to and exists in the electromagnetic spectrum between X-rays and microwaves.
Geometrical Optics for high school English
1) Light exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, known as wave-particle duality. For geometric optics, light is modeled as rays traveling in straight lines. 2) When light rays encounter an interface between two materials with different refractive indices, they can be reflected, refracted, scattered, or absorbed. Refraction is governed by Snell's law. 3) Lenses use refraction to form real or virtual images by either converging or diverging light rays. The lens equation relates the object and image distances to the focal length.
01 properties of light
These lectures has prepared for postgraduate student (Ophthalmology) according to the curriculum of Bangladesh College of Physician and Surgeons (BCPS) and Bangabondhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Bangladesh
REFLECTION Mohan panwar ppt (2)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at the interface between two different media, causing the wavefront to return to the original medium. Common examples are the reflection of light, sound, and water waves. Specular reflection, like that seen in mirrors, follows the law of reflection where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Reflection is important in many fields including optics, acoustics, geology, and radio transmission.
Light & optics
Light is electromagnetic radiation that travels at about 300,000 km/s. It can be emitted from luminous objects like stars or reflected from illuminated objects like the moon. Light carries energy and information, travels in straight lines, and can be reflected, refracted, or absorbed when interacting with objects. The human eye detects light via photoreceptors in the retina that send signals to the brain, allowing us to see color.
Unit 32 Electromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic waves combine electric and magnetic fields that oscillate perpendicular to each other and travel through space. The electromagnetic spectrum includes many types of waves such as visible light, X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves. These different types of electromagnetic waves are distinguished by their varying frequencies and wavelengths. Sound waves are not considered electromagnetic waves.
polarization of light
Polarized light occurs when light vibrates in a single plane. Unpolarized light vibrates in multiple planes. Polarized light can be created through reflection, selective absorption using polarizing materials, and double refraction using crystals like calcite. Nicol prisms and waveplates are optical devices that use crystals like calcite to produce polarized light by selectively transmitting one vibration plane over another or changing the phase of vibration planes. Optical activity describes how chiral molecules rotate the plane of polarized light passing through them due to interactions between light and molecules.
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Light & Reflection
- 2. How do light forms 1. Light is electromagnetic radiation that we can see. Light beams are made of tiny 'packets' called photons. They travel form the source in a line through space until they are obstructed by matter.
- 3. What is the speed of light The speed of light in a vacuum is defined to be exactly 299,792,458 m/s (approximately 186,282 miles per second). The fixed value of the speed of light in SI units results from the fact that the meter is now defined in terms of the speed of light. All forms of electromagnetic radiation move at exactly this same speed in vacuum.
- 4. Light In this picture they are showing the light travels in straight line
- 5. What is reflection Reflection of light is either secular (mirror-like) or diffuse (retaining the energy, but losing the image) depending on the nature of the interface. Furthermore, if the interface is between a dielectric and a conductor, the phase of the reflected wave is retained, otherwise if the interface is between two dielectrics, the phase may be retained or inverted, depending on the light
- 6. Reflection
- 7. What is shadow A shadow is an area where direct light from a light source cannot reach due to obstruction by an object. It occupies all of the space behind an opaque object with light in front of it. The cross section of a shadow is a two-dimensional silhouette, or reverse projection of the object blocking the light. The sun causes many objects to have shadows and at certain times of the day, when the sun is at certain heights, the lengths of shadows change
- 8. How do shadow forms Shadows are formed when an object passes in front of a light. As the light rays now bounce off this object the ground/objects behind the first no longer receives the rays and appears darker then the surrounding area (it will never be completely black do to bounce/ambient light)
- 9. Shadow
Editor's Notes
- This is reflection