Life Saving Innovations

Technology that Saves Life
• Technology has long been recognised as
playing an important role in human
development. Over the past four decades,
there have been unprecedented innovations in
technology. And yet, despite the best efforts
of many people, poverty is still widespread
and many poor people do not have access to
the technology that could help them.

• New science-led technologies present some
specific challenges, including the perceptions of
high cost, high risk, high complexity and the
lack of knowledge about what is available. Yet
new technologies also present an enormous
number of opportunities. By moving away from
the entrenched systems of patents, production,
and markets that older technologies are locked
into, they can do things differently and more
appropriately.

• Vital issues like sustainable development,
climate change and democracy are all
influenced by the role of science and
technology in society. A major challenge is to
release their public value and channel it to help
reduce poverty in developing countries. The
benefits that are generated by the use of
science and technology should not be reaped
solely by the market. Releasing this public value,
in a global context, is one of the most significant
and challenging issues facing societies throughout
the world today.

• Technology is far from neutral in relation to both
development and power. This has been apparent
since long before the introduction of the current
range of new technologies such as ICTs,
biotechnology and nanotechnology.

• taking, as a fundamental axiom of appropriate
technologies, the idea that they should serve
the human person is a useful starting point for
asking how they can contribute to solving some
of the intractable problems of poverty.
• Efforts to solve the widespread contamination of
drinking water by arsenic in the Bay of Bengal
region – which affects the countries of
Bangladesh, India and Nepal, where an estimated
64 million people are at risk – provide a good
example of this principle.

• The aim of this process is to deliver a new
technology that meets local needs. The emphasis
has to be on understanding and solving a real
problem, rather than on developing a new widget.
And it pays to be ‘technologically agnostic’ about
solutions. In the case of nanotechnology and
water, the development of a new device which
meets the requirements identified may come
from a number of scientific disciplines,
including synthetic biotechnology, and so we
should remain open-minded.

• Sometimes an appropriate technology for
solving a real human need may already be
available in the market and only needs some
adaptation before it can be used. Often, it has
been found that a blend of old and new
technologies can bring enormous benefits to
people living in remote rural communities,
and this is especially true of the use of
available communications

• Implementing a more engaged approach
will not be easy, just as changing the culture
of an organisation is not easy. Solutions need
to be driven by the poor communities
themselves, so that they retain ownership.
These kinds of actions need to be embedded
in all international development efforts that
aim to challenge poverty through the use of
new technology.

Some local life saving Innovative
Solutions for poor community
• Below are a handful of the many wonderful
inventions that organizations and businesses
are developing and utilizing to help the world’s
poor.

Life-Straw
• The Life-Straw is a water filter designed to
be used by one person to filter water for
drinking. It filters a maximum of 1000 litres
of water, enough for one person for one year.
It removes almost all of waterborne bacteria
and parasites.

Life-Straw
• The Life-Straw water filters are designed by
the Swiss-based Vestergaard Frandsen.
While originally developed for people living in
developing nations and for distribution in
humanitarian crisis, the LifeStraw has gained
popularity as a consumer product.
• The LifeStraw is now used as a tool for
survivalists and packed in emergency
preparedness kits

Life-Straw
• Life-Straw has been generally praised for its effective
and instant method of bacteria and protozoa removal
and consumer acceptability.
• Life-Straw are distributed as part of public health
campaigns or in response to complex emergencies by NGOs
and organizations that give them away for free in the
developing world.
• Life-Straw has been praised in the international media
and won several awards including the 2008 Saatchi &
Saatchi Award for World Changing Ideas, the ‘IDEX:
2005’ International Design Award and "Best Invention of
2005" by Time Magazine. The LifeStraw was featured in the
Museum of Modern Art in New York

Life-Saver bottle
• The Lifesaver bottle is a portable water purification device.
• After the 2004 Asian Tsunami and Hurricane Katrina disaster in
the U.S., Michael Pritchard, a water-treatment expert in
Ipswich, England began to develop the Lifesaver bottle after
hearing the idea from Dr. Zackary Kepes and Austin
Castellano.Pritchard presented a prototype of the Lifesaver at 2007's
DSEi London, where the product was named "Best Technological
Development". Pritchard's entire stock of 1,000 bottles sold out
within four hours of the presentation.
• Speaking at TED in 2009, Pritchard estimated that by using the
Lifesaver bottle, reaching the Millennium Development Goals of
halving the number of people without drinking water will cost
$8 billion; while $20 billion would provide drinking water for
everyone on Earth

Life-Saver bottle
• In 2007, the LifeSaver bottle was tested by the London School of
Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and the results found it to
completely filter out all bacteria and viruses.
• Use
• The bottle's interchangeable filter can purify between 4,000 and
6,000 litres (1,050 to 1,585 gallons) before it stops working and
needs to be replaced. It filters out objects bigger than
15 nanometres—including viruses, bacteria, and heavy metals.
The carbon filter does not require chemicals.
• The process of filtering the water takes 20 seconds, allowing for
0.71 litres (1.5 pints) of water to be filtered.
• Once a filter has reached its limit, it will not allow contaminated
water to be drunk. The Livesaver bottle has been used by
soldiers for drinking water as well as cleaning wounds.

Life-Saver bottle
• To filter the water, one puts contaminated water in the back of the
bottle, then screws the lid on. The lid has a built in pump which is
operated manually with a hand; the pumping action forces the
contaminated water through the nano-filter and safe drinking water
collects in another chamber in the bottle. The drinker then opens the top
of the bottle from which safe drinking water comes out.
• A much larger version of the Lifesaver bottle, called the Lifesaver
Jerrycan, has the same filtering technology. The can allows for the
filtration of 10,000 to 20,000 litres (2,650 to 5,300 gallons). One
jerrycan filter can provide water for four people over a three-year
span.
• Limits
• The bottle can be used to filter urine and will remove all
microbiological contamination. However there will be an amount of
dissolved salts that can not be removed. Metals such as iron, and salt
from salt water cannot be removed effectively, either.

Michael Pritchard
Inventor
• With cutting-edge nanotech, Michael
Pritchard's Lifesaver water-purification bottle
could revolutionize water-delivery systems in
disaster-stricken areas around the globe.
• What others say
• “On the outside, it looks like an ordinary sports
bottle. On the inside, there's a miracle: an
extremely advanced filtration system that makes
murky water filled with deadly viruses and
bacteria completely clean in just seconds.” —
Allison Barrie, FoxNews.com

Kite Patch
Kite Mosquito Patch
• The Kite Mosquito Patch is a concept of a product of
small patch that is worn on a person's clothing and
protects the wearer against mosquito bites.
• The Kite Patch disperses non-toxic compounds that
block mosquitoes' ability to track and detect
humans.
• Developers of the patch have reported that the
wearer effectively becomes "invisible to
mosquitoes", and is protected for up to 48 hours at a
time. T
• he company has the goal that the Kite Patch to be
market-ready in 2017.

Kite Patch
• The initial discovery of the compounds used in
Kite Patch was led by scientist Dr.
Anandasankar Ray and his team from the
University of California, Riverside, with funding
from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and
the National Institutes of Health. Their findings
were published in the Nature journal in 2011. The
Kite Patch could help protect against malaria,
as well as West Nile virus, dengue fever, and
other mosquito-borne diseases

Anandasankar Ray, PhD
Dr. Anandasankar Ray
• Dr. Anandasankar Ray is an
Associate Professor and Associate
Entomologist at the College of
Natural and Agricultural Sciences,
University of California, Riverside.
He received his Ph.D. in Molecular,
Cellular and Developmental Biology
at Yale University.
• Recently, Dr. Ray disclosed a new
invention (UC Case Number 2013-
403). The invention can be used as
insect repellent that is affordable and
safe for human use.

Hippo water roller
• The Hippo water roller, or Hippo roller, is a
device for carrying water more easily and
efficiently than traditional methods,
particularly in the developing world. It
consists of a barrel-shaped container which
holds the water and can roll along the
ground, and a handle attached to the axis of
the barrel. Currently deployed in rural Africa,
its simple and purpose-built nature makes it
an example of appropriate technology.

Hippo water roller
• The steel handle allows the roller to be pushed or pulled
over difficult and very rough terrain. The overall width
of the roller with handle attached was determined by
measuring the average width of a standard doorway and
sized to allow it to be pulled through freely.
• During development a water filled roller was drawn
behind a vehicle over a dirt road at 20 km/h for 15 km
without any significant signs of wear on both the roller
outer surface or pivot cavities.
• The roller is rounded at the shoulders to simplify tilting
when wanting to pour from the full roller. However, the
roller is also very stable in the upright position when it rests
on a small, flat surface. The roller has hand grips at the
bottom and top to make emptying the container easier.

Hippo water roller
• The barrel, originally called "Aqua Roller",
was the brainchild of two engineers, Pettie
Petzer and Johan Jonker of South Africa
• Petzer and Jonker were recognized for their
work on the Hippo Roller in 1997 with the
"Design for Development Award" by the South
African Bureau of Standards and its Design
Institute

Pee Poo
Pee Poople – Silly Name, Serious Impact
• Getting rid of human waste could prevent
many diseases in poor communities. The
organization “Pee Poople” has developed a way
of cleanly and cheaply doing away with pee and
poo, while also creating valuable fertilizer for
local crops to simultaneously protect and feed the
world’s poor.
• Not only does the Peepoo “toilet” do away with
waste, it does so in a uniquely sanitary way.

Pee Poople
• Weighing only 10 grams, the Peepoo toilet, or
baggy, is made up of a slim, biodegradable bag
with an inner layer that pulls out into a wide
funnel. The inner layer is used to catch waste and
then be tied into a knot, which fits into the Peepoo
baggy.
• The outer layer will not decompose until the
harmful pathogens and communicable bacteria in
the waste have been deactivated by urea, which
may take up to four weeks depending on
temperature.

Pee Poople
• Because the Peepoo toilet is self-contained,
it can be disposed of at the user’s own
convenience. This element of the design, and
the fact that the toilet remains odorless for
approximately 24 hours, allows individuals
and communities to store the waste in a
manner that maximizes its potential for use
as fertilizer. In turn, the initial problem
becomes a boon to the local economy.

Pee Poople
• Today, more than 2.6 billion people lack access
to basic sanitation. At this moment, 40% of the
world’s population lack access to even the
simplest latrine.
• Peepoo is a personal, single-use, self-sanitising,
fully biodegradable toilet that prevents faeces
from contaminating the immediate area as well
as the surrounding ecosystem. After use, Peepoo
turns into valuable fertiliser that can improve
livelihoods and increase food security.

Life Sack
Many areas of the world the water crisis is
not an issue of scarcity — it’s an issue of
providing access to a clean supply. To assist the
third world in confronting this issue, three
industrial designers — Jung Uk Park, Myeong
Hoon Lee, and Dae Youl Lee — have come up
with the Life Sack, an ingenious water
purification device that doubles as a container
for shipping grains and other food staples.
Once the food has been received, the sack can be
used as a solar water purification kit.

Life Sack
• To filter contaminated water the Life Sack
uses SODIS (Solar Water Disinfection
Process) technology: UV-A-radiation and
the bag’s thermal treatment process work
together to kill deadly microorganisms and
bacteria in water. As an added bonus, the sack
can also be worn as a backpack for quick and
easy movement from the source to the
community, and carries up to 20 litres of water.

Life Sack
About the Founder
• Jung Uk Park, Myeong Hoon Lee, and Dae Youl Lee are
the industrial designers behind Life Sack- the ingenious
water purification device. Outraged by the existence of
so many starving communities with no access to clean
water, these three Korean designers put their heads
together to see how they could easily create an impact
that would have scalability and massive reach.
• They saw that many NGOs were delivering food to
remote communities through conventional bags. The
designers knew that they could create a better bag that
could do so much more. So they created the Life Sack, and
went to NGOs to have them replace their conventional food
bags with a Life Sack

Life Sack
• The Life Sack could be used to ship grains and
other food staples, but then comes the
innovative part.
• Once the communities stored the food, the bag
could work as a water purifier.
• These innovators saw a need, and understood that
they could do more with what was already in
existence.
• By replacing conventional bags, these
innovators not only allow for convenient food
supply to remote communities, but the simple
purification of their drinking water.

SODIS (Solar Water Disinfection
Process) technology

Life Sack Is Not Your Ordinary
Grain Sack
• The main problem of third world’s crisis is to get food
and fresh water supply. World wide charities such as
World Vision have sent common supplies such as grain,
packed in sacks.
• Based on this information, three Korean industrial
designers have ingenious idea to redesign the sack. Life
Sack is a sack that can also work as a water purifier kit.
After grain is stored, they can reuse the sacks to purify
water. Life Sack uses SODIS (Solar Water Disinfection
Process) technology to filter contaminated water. The
UV-A-radiation and thermal treatment will kill deadly
microorganisms and bacteria in water. It is hoped that
this design can help providing more sufficient amount of
clean water for the people in Africa.

Plumpy’nut
• The product is the brainchild of French pediatrician
named André Briend.
• Briend was part of a band of doctors in the 1990’s
that was extremely frustrated and disheartened with
the lack of effective treatment for malnutrition.
• At the time, the typical treatment for acute
malnutrition involved administering a watery
mixture to patients through tubes in hospitals.
However, this 30 year-old practice failed to save 20
percent to 60 percent of patients. After years of trial
and error and experiments, Plumpy’Nut was born in
1998.

French Pediatrician André Briend.
Plumpy’nut

Plumpy’nut
• A paste made of peanut butter, powdered
milk, powdered sugar and enriched with
vitamins and minerals, Plumpy’Nut is
remarkably simple.
• In food aid terms, it is a “Ready-to-use
Therapeutic Food,” which means that it
does not require refrigeration, water or
cooking. It also has a shelf life of two years.

Plumpy’nut
• Plumpy’Nut’s revolution is tied to the fact that it can be
administered anywhere by anyone–children who are old
enough can feed, and thus treat, themselves.
• This spares patients and aid agencies huge health care
costs they would have otherwise incurred seeking
treatment in hospitals or feeding centers. More
importantly, though, it also spares extremely weak and
vulnerable patients the exposure to deadly pathogens
omnipresent in developing world health facilities.
• That Plumpy’Nut does not require water also spares
lives as clean drinking water is often not available or
extremely limited.

Plumpy’nut
• Plumpy’Nut’s continued expansion brings
hope to the world’s most vulnerable
populations. Most acute child malnutrition
occurs in tandem with other disasters, such
as earthquakes, tsunamis, violent conflict,
and droughts.

Plumpy’nut
• Plumpy'Nut is a peanut-based paste in a plastic
wrapper for treatment of severe acute
malnutrition manufactured by a French
company, Nutriset. Removing the need for
hospitalization, the 92-gram packets of this paste
can be administered at home and allow larger
numbers to be treated.
• Plumpy'Nut may be referred to in scientific
literature as a Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food
(RUTF)

Low Cost Drip-Irrigation
• How One Man’s Simple Low-Cost Tools Are Helping
Millions of Farmers Tackle Climate Change in India
• International Development Enterprises-India (IDEI),
founded in 2001, makes and sells low-cost irrigation tools
that has helps marginalised farmers increase their crop
yield, cultivate during the dry season and lift themselves out of
poverty. Till date, the organization has helped one million
farming households, spread over 17 states, increase their
annual income!

• In 1991, Amitabhs Sadangi, who has a
degree in law and social development, left
his secure government job to start working
on the nebulous concept of inexpensive
micro-irrigation system. The result was
International Development Enterprises India,
or IDEI, launched in 2001, with Sadangi as
chief executive.

• Sadangi knew that though irrigation technologies were
available in the country, most were costly and were meant
to be used by large farmers on huge tracts. However, India
mostly had (and still has) subsistence farmers who till less than
two hectares. Sadangi wanted to reach out to them by
creating simple and low-cost irrigation techniques that
suited small plots. Micro-irrigation was the answer.
• “Farming in India is planned around the monsoon. But
that allows farmers to grow only one crop. If they have a
reliable system of irrigation throughout the year, they can
grow more than one crop on their land. Also, affordability is
crucial. Marginalised farmers cannot invest much more
than their labour”, he says, explaining the idea behind his
initiative.

• Sadangi heard about the manually operated treadle
pumps of Bangladesh, bought two and started
manufacturing low-cost treadle pumps that can
pump out about 4,000-5,000 litres of water through
an hour’s pedalling. Made of iron, the treadle pump is
similar in principle to a hand pump.
• But instead of the latter’s single barrel or cylinder
and the use of hands to pump water, the treadle or
pedal pump has two cylinders and uses foot power
to lift water from underground. Men, women,
children and even elders can operate it by holding a
bamboo or wooden frame for support.

• An hour’s pedaling can pump out as much
as 5,000 litres of water. Two hours’ pedaling
would be enough to irrigate half a hectare of
dry season vegetables. Another nifty feature
of IDEI’s treadle pump is that it is foldable. At
18 kilogrammes, it is also portable – a
necessity for most small farmers who have
non-contiguous farmland holdings.

• The technologies also came accompanied by
ready-to-use kits, such as a bucket kit or a
drum kit, which were customized to help
farmers grow off-season crops and raise
their income. Unlike expensive diesel pumps
or drip systems for large tracts, these kits could
be used on tiny plots and could be bought for
as little as Rs 250.

• The technologies also came accompanied by
ready-to-use kits, such as a bucket kit or a
drum kit, which were customized to help
farmers grow off-season crops and raise
their income. Unlike expensive diesel pumps
or drip systems for large tracts, these kits
could be used on tiny plots and could be
bought for as little as Rs 250.

• IDEI conducts training programme for the
identified entrepreneurs in allied
agricultural fields like apiculture/ honey bee
farming, spice cultivation, agro-climatic
vegetable cultivation, rice intensification
system etc. It has also developed a low cost
greenhouse to benefit small holder farmers
who find it difficult to afford conventional
greenhouse structures.

References
Anandasankar Ray, PhD
• http://www.olfaction.ucr.edu/
André Briend, Adjunct Professor, French Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
• http://www.uta.fi/med/tacc-gh/personnel/staff/briend_a.html
Amitabha Sadangi
• http://www.ide-india.org/content/amitabha-sadangi
The Borgan Project
• http://borgenproject.org/about-us/
Hippo Roller
• https://www.hipporoller.org/
Life Straw
• http://lifestraw.com/
Life Saver Bottle
• http://www.iconlifesaver.eu/
Kite Patch
• http://www.kitepatch.com/
Pee People
• http://www.peepoople.com/
Plumpy’ Nut
• http://www.nutriset.fr/en/product-range/severe-acute-malnutrition/plumpy-nut-ready-to-use-therapeutic-food-rutf.html
SODIS method
• http://www.sodis.ch/methode/anwendung/index_EN

“Run when you can, walk if you have to, crawl if you
must; just never give up.” ..
Solar Water Disinfection ( SODIS ) is a
simple water treatment technology

नए वर्ष की शुभकामनाएँ
Shri Narendra Modi : Prime Minister of India

Life Saving Innovations

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