The document discusses various life processes including nutrition, respiration, transportation and excretion. It provides details about:
- Nutrition in plants occurring through photosynthesis using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. Nutrition in humans involves ingestion, digestion and absorption of food through the digestive system.
- Respiration being the process of breaking down food to release energy. It can occur aerobically with oxygen or anaerobically without oxygen. Respiration in humans involves breathing to intake oxygen and expel carbon dioxide through the respiratory system.
- Transportation of materials through the circulatory system in humans and xylem and phloem in plants. The human circulatory system uses the heart to pump blood through arteries
The human excretion system removes waste from the body through the lungs, skin, liver, kidneys and other organs. The lungs remove carbon dioxide, the liver produces urea and uric acid from protein breakdown, the skin removes water, salt, urea and uric acid through sweating, and the kidneys filter the blood to form urine which contains water, salt, urea and uric acid to be excreted from the body. The kidneys contain millions of nephrons that filter blood to produce about 1.5 to 2 liters of urine per day which is carried from the kidneys to the bladder through ureters and then out of the body through the urethra.
The excretory system removes waste from the body through various organs. The kidneys are the primary organs of excretion, removing nitrogenous wastes such as urea and excess water and salts. The kidneys contain nephrons, which filter the blood to produce urine. Urine passes from the nephrons to the bladder through the ureters for storage and later excretion through the urethra. Homeostasis is maintained as the kidneys regulate water balance and the concentration of substances in the blood and tissues.
The document discusses osmoregulation and excretion in animals. It describes how animals regulate water and salt balance in their bodies and remove nitrogenous waste. It covers key organs and systems involved, including kidneys, gills, and Malpighian tubules. It explains processes like filtration, reabsorption, and secretion that occur in nephrons and collecting ducts to produce urine. The two-process model of urine concentration is also summarized, involving a medullary osmotic gradient and the countercurrent mechanism in the loop of Henle.
The document discusses the process of nutrition in humans. It describes how nutrition is a vital function for living things that involves obtaining nutrients from food. The four main processes involved in human nutrition take place across different body systems, including the digestive system which breaks down food, the circulatory system which transports nutrients, the respiratory system which provides oxygen, and the excretory system which removes waste.
The document discusses the human excretory system. It has four main organs that remove waste from the body: the lungs, which exhale carbon dioxide; the skin, which sweats out salts and urea; the liver, which produces bile and converts nitrogenous wastes to urea; and the kidneys, which are the major organ of excretion that filter wastes like urea and salts from the blood into urine. The kidneys contain nephrons that filter the blood, reabsorb useful substances, and secrete other substances into urine, which is then excreted through the ureters, bladder, and urethra. Excretion is essential to remove cellular waste and maintain homeostasis.
The document discusses the digestive system and nutrition. It describes the six categories of nutrients - energy suppliers like carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, and non-energy suppliers like water, vitamins and minerals. Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are broken down in the alimentary canal which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. The liver, pancreas and gallbladder aid digestion. Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine and undigested waste passes through the large intestine and rectum.
The human excretion system removes waste from the body through the lungs, skin, liver, kidneys and other organs. The lungs remove carbon dioxide, the liver produces urea and uric acid from protein breakdown, the skin removes water, salt, urea and uric acid through sweating, and the kidneys filter the blood to form urine which contains water, salt, urea and uric acid to be excreted from the body. The kidneys contain millions of nephrons that filter blood to produce about 1.5 to 2 liters of urine per day which is carried from the kidneys to the bladder through ureters and then out of the body through the urethra.
The excretory system removes waste from the body through various organs. The kidneys are the primary organs of excretion, removing nitrogenous wastes such as urea and excess water and salts. The kidneys contain nephrons, which filter the blood to produce urine. Urine passes from the nephrons to the bladder through the ureters for storage and later excretion through the urethra. Homeostasis is maintained as the kidneys regulate water balance and the concentration of substances in the blood and tissues.
The document discusses osmoregulation and excretion in animals. It describes how animals regulate water and salt balance in their bodies and remove nitrogenous waste. It covers key organs and systems involved, including kidneys, gills, and Malpighian tubules. It explains processes like filtration, reabsorption, and secretion that occur in nephrons and collecting ducts to produce urine. The two-process model of urine concentration is also summarized, involving a medullary osmotic gradient and the countercurrent mechanism in the loop of Henle.
The document discusses the process of nutrition in humans. It describes how nutrition is a vital function for living things that involves obtaining nutrients from food. The four main processes involved in human nutrition take place across different body systems, including the digestive system which breaks down food, the circulatory system which transports nutrients, the respiratory system which provides oxygen, and the excretory system which removes waste.
The document discusses the human excretory system. It has four main organs that remove waste from the body: the lungs, which exhale carbon dioxide; the skin, which sweats out salts and urea; the liver, which produces bile and converts nitrogenous wastes to urea; and the kidneys, which are the major organ of excretion that filter wastes like urea and salts from the blood into urine. The kidneys contain nephrons that filter the blood, reabsorb useful substances, and secrete other substances into urine, which is then excreted through the ureters, bladder, and urethra. Excretion is essential to remove cellular waste and maintain homeostasis.
The document discusses the digestive system and nutrition. It describes the six categories of nutrients - energy suppliers like carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, and non-energy suppliers like water, vitamins and minerals. Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are broken down in the alimentary canal which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. The liver, pancreas and gallbladder aid digestion. Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine and undigested waste passes through the large intestine and rectum.
The document summarizes key processes involved in homeostasis and excretion in the human body. It discusses how the kidneys, lungs, skin, and colon help maintain homeostasis by removing waste through excretion and osmoregulation. The kidneys play a central role by filtering the blood to remove nitrogenous wastes and regulating water balance. Through selective reabsorption and tubular excretion, the kidneys are able to regulate water and electrolyte levels in the blood and produce concentrated urine when fluid levels are low in the body.
The excretory system eliminates wastes from the body through various organs. The lungs, skin, large intestine, liver, and urinary system all play roles in excretion. The kidneys are the primary excretory organs, filtering wastes from the blood and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney that filter blood to form urine, reabsorbing necessary substances while excreting waste.
The excretory system removes waste from the body through the skin, lungs, liver, large intestines, and kidneys. The kidneys are the most important organ as they regulate blood pH and remove excess water and urea to create urine. Urea is formed when ammonia combines with carbon dioxide and is excreted through the ureters, bladder, and urethra as urine. The lungs, skin, and large intestines also remove other wastes like carbon dioxide, water, and solid wastes to help maintain homeostasis.
The document discusses the excretory system and its function of eliminating waste from the body. It describes the key parts of the excretory system as the kidneys, which filter waste from the blood and produce urine, the ureters which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the urethra which carries urine out of the body when the bladder contracts. The urinary tract works by filtering the blood in the kidneys, carrying the urine via the ureters to the bladder for storage, and then pushing the urine out of the body through the urethra when the bladder is full.
The human excretory system consists of the kidneys and nephrons, which remove waste from the body. The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine, which contains nitrogen waste and other toxins. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and is responsible for reabsorbing usable materials like water, salts, and nutrients back into the bloodstream while producing urine. Hormones help regulate the excretory process and water balance in the body. The excretory system plays an important role in homeostasis by filtering waste from the blood and regulating fluid levels.
- Larger organisms need a circulatory system to transport substances between cells and the environment, as diffusion is insufficient. The human circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- The circulatory system delivers nutrients, oxygen, water, vitamins and hormones throughout the body, and picks up carbon dioxide and wastes to be transported for excretion. It also helps maintain homeostasis and protects the body from disease.
- Blood is composed of plasma and cellular components. Plasma is mostly water but contains proteins, waste, gases, and nutrients. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight pathogens, and platelets help with clotting to stop bleeding.
hi guys!
This is my latest slide on Excretory system, based on Cambridge GCE 'O' level syllabus.
These slides cover much on the essential points and might not be really comprehensive.
These slides are constructed to be interactive to further boost your understanding by eliminating superfluous words and adding more animations.
Thus, I RECOMMEND you to download the slides to access the many animations to interact with your mind.
Follow my slideshare profile to receive updates on new slides!!
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Email: fazzydoo@gmail.com
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All images and materials are copyright protected and have no affiliations to me
The excretory system removes waste from the body through various organs including the kidneys, liver, skin, lungs and large intestine. The kidneys filter waste from the blood through nephrons and urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder through ureters. Common kidney diseases include IgA nephropathy which causes blood in the urine and can lead to kidney failure if not addressed. While kidney disease cannot be cured, treatment focuses on slowing the disease and preventing complications like high blood pressure.
BIOLOGY PPT-EXCRETION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALSvasudha7
Excretion is the process by which waste products are eliminated from organisms. In plants, waste is excreted through various methods like releasing oxygen during photosynthesis, transpiration of excess water, and shedding of waste-containing leaves. Vacuoles can also store waste. In animals, the main excretory products are carbon dioxide, ammonia, urea, uric acid, guanine, and creatine. Aquatic animals excrete ammonia directly into water, while terrestrial animals convert ammonia into other compounds due to less water. Birds excrete uric acid paste for efficient water retention. Insects use Malpighian tubules to excrete waste into intestines and release it with fecal matter
PMR Form 3 Science Chapter 3 Excretory systemSook Yen Wong
The urinary system filters waste from the blood and regulates water and electrolyte balance. The kidneys filter blood to remove urea, uric acid, and creatinine, while reabsorbing useful substances like glucose, amino acids, and minerals. If the kidneys fail, dialysis is needed to perform the kidneys' waste-removal and regulatory functions until a transplant can be done.
Nutrition function I: The respiratory system.irenebyg
The document discusses the respiratory and digestive systems and their roles in obtaining energy from nutrients. The respiratory system works with the digestive system to transform nutrients into energy. It obtains oxygen needed for cellular respiration to release energy from nutrients and expels the resulting carbon dioxide waste. The respiratory system consists of the airways and lungs. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs via diffusion - oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.
The document discusses the key features of the human excretory system. The excretory system includes the kidneys, which filter waste from the bloodstream. Useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood while waste dissolved in water becomes urine. The urine travels from the kidneys to the bladder through ureters, where it is stored until passing through the urethra. Sweat also helps remove water and salt through the skin, especially on hot days.
The kidneys remove waste from the blood in the form of urea and regulate water and electrolyte balance. Each nephron acts as the functional unit of the kidney, filtering blood in the cortex and reabsorbing useful substances along the tubule in the medulla. Urine is stored in the bladder and released through the urethra. Dialysis can temporarily perform the functions of damaged kidneys by filtering blood through a semipermeable membrane. A kidney transplant is the best long term treatment but requires immunosuppressant drugs to prevent rejection by the recipient's immune system.
The excretory system collects and eliminates waste from the body through various organs including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which is stored in the bladder and then passed out of the body through the urethra. The excretory system works to maintain homeostasis by regulating fluid levels and removing toxins.
The document discusses the human excretory system, including the organs and their functions in removing waste from the body. It details the kidneys, skin, and lungs and their roles in excretion - with the kidneys filtering waste from blood into urine, the skin excreting water and traces of waste through sweat, and the lungs filtering out carbon dioxide. It also examines renal diseases like infections and kidney stones, as well as skin structure, functions, and diseases like dandruff and burns.
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body via arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the lungs via veins to become reoxygenated. The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, hormones, blood cells, and wastes. It plays a key role in respiration, nutrition, and waste removal. Main components include the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood (plasma and blood cells).
The document discusses excretion in humans. It describes the components of the human excretory system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and remove urea, water, and carbon dioxide. The main wastes removed are carbon dioxide, urea, and water. The kidneys are made up of an outer cortex and inner medulla, and contain nephrons which filter the blood and remove waste via ultrafiltration and reabsorption.
The document provides an overview of the excretory system and kidney function. It discusses how different organisms such as insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals excrete nitrogenous waste as ammonia, uric acid, or urea. It describes the structure and function of the human kidney and nephrons in filtering waste from the blood and producing urine for excretion. Key topics covered include the excretion of uric acid by birds, the working of the kidney, types of excretion, kidney failure, gout, and kidney stones.
Excretion is the process of removing cellular wastes from the body. The main waste products excreted are carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds, and salts. Nitrogen wastes like ammonia are toxic and must be removed; different organisms excrete nitrogen in the forms of ammonia, urea, or uric acid depending on their environment. In humans, the kidneys filter wastes like urea and salts from the blood and excrete them in urine through the urinary system.
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood throughout the body in two circulation loops - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products and circulates in a double circulation through arteries, veins, and capillaries where gas and nutrient exchange occurs. The circulatory system helps transport these materials, fight infections, regulate temperature and pH, and heal injuries through clotting.
Nutrition is a vital function by which living things obtain nutrients and energy from food. The document discusses the major body systems involved in nutrition:
- The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
- The circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen throughout the body via blood and blood vessels.
- The respiratory system obtains oxygen from the air and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
The document summarizes key processes involved in homeostasis and excretion in the human body. It discusses how the kidneys, lungs, skin, and colon help maintain homeostasis by removing waste through excretion and osmoregulation. The kidneys play a central role by filtering the blood to remove nitrogenous wastes and regulating water balance. Through selective reabsorption and tubular excretion, the kidneys are able to regulate water and electrolyte levels in the blood and produce concentrated urine when fluid levels are low in the body.
The excretory system eliminates wastes from the body through various organs. The lungs, skin, large intestine, liver, and urinary system all play roles in excretion. The kidneys are the primary excretory organs, filtering wastes from the blood and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney that filter blood to form urine, reabsorbing necessary substances while excreting waste.
The excretory system removes waste from the body through the skin, lungs, liver, large intestines, and kidneys. The kidneys are the most important organ as they regulate blood pH and remove excess water and urea to create urine. Urea is formed when ammonia combines with carbon dioxide and is excreted through the ureters, bladder, and urethra as urine. The lungs, skin, and large intestines also remove other wastes like carbon dioxide, water, and solid wastes to help maintain homeostasis.
The document discusses the excretory system and its function of eliminating waste from the body. It describes the key parts of the excretory system as the kidneys, which filter waste from the blood and produce urine, the ureters which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the urethra which carries urine out of the body when the bladder contracts. The urinary tract works by filtering the blood in the kidneys, carrying the urine via the ureters to the bladder for storage, and then pushing the urine out of the body through the urethra when the bladder is full.
The human excretory system consists of the kidneys and nephrons, which remove waste from the body. The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine, which contains nitrogen waste and other toxins. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and is responsible for reabsorbing usable materials like water, salts, and nutrients back into the bloodstream while producing urine. Hormones help regulate the excretory process and water balance in the body. The excretory system plays an important role in homeostasis by filtering waste from the blood and regulating fluid levels.
- Larger organisms need a circulatory system to transport substances between cells and the environment, as diffusion is insufficient. The human circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- The circulatory system delivers nutrients, oxygen, water, vitamins and hormones throughout the body, and picks up carbon dioxide and wastes to be transported for excretion. It also helps maintain homeostasis and protects the body from disease.
- Blood is composed of plasma and cellular components. Plasma is mostly water but contains proteins, waste, gases, and nutrients. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight pathogens, and platelets help with clotting to stop bleeding.
hi guys!
This is my latest slide on Excretory system, based on Cambridge GCE 'O' level syllabus.
These slides cover much on the essential points and might not be really comprehensive.
These slides are constructed to be interactive to further boost your understanding by eliminating superfluous words and adding more animations.
Thus, I RECOMMEND you to download the slides to access the many animations to interact with your mind.
Follow my slideshare profile to receive updates on new slides!!
or contact me:
Email: fazzydoo@gmail.com
facebook: faiz abdullah
twitter: @fazzydoo
if you have questions or would like to address mistakes on my slides or simply just to request me to personally make your slides.
All images and materials are copyright protected and have no affiliations to me
The excretory system removes waste from the body through various organs including the kidneys, liver, skin, lungs and large intestine. The kidneys filter waste from the blood through nephrons and urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder through ureters. Common kidney diseases include IgA nephropathy which causes blood in the urine and can lead to kidney failure if not addressed. While kidney disease cannot be cured, treatment focuses on slowing the disease and preventing complications like high blood pressure.
BIOLOGY PPT-EXCRETION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALSvasudha7
Excretion is the process by which waste products are eliminated from organisms. In plants, waste is excreted through various methods like releasing oxygen during photosynthesis, transpiration of excess water, and shedding of waste-containing leaves. Vacuoles can also store waste. In animals, the main excretory products are carbon dioxide, ammonia, urea, uric acid, guanine, and creatine. Aquatic animals excrete ammonia directly into water, while terrestrial animals convert ammonia into other compounds due to less water. Birds excrete uric acid paste for efficient water retention. Insects use Malpighian tubules to excrete waste into intestines and release it with fecal matter
PMR Form 3 Science Chapter 3 Excretory systemSook Yen Wong
The urinary system filters waste from the blood and regulates water and electrolyte balance. The kidneys filter blood to remove urea, uric acid, and creatinine, while reabsorbing useful substances like glucose, amino acids, and minerals. If the kidneys fail, dialysis is needed to perform the kidneys' waste-removal and regulatory functions until a transplant can be done.
Nutrition function I: The respiratory system.irenebyg
The document discusses the respiratory and digestive systems and their roles in obtaining energy from nutrients. The respiratory system works with the digestive system to transform nutrients into energy. It obtains oxygen needed for cellular respiration to release energy from nutrients and expels the resulting carbon dioxide waste. The respiratory system consists of the airways and lungs. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs via diffusion - oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.
The document discusses the key features of the human excretory system. The excretory system includes the kidneys, which filter waste from the bloodstream. Useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood while waste dissolved in water becomes urine. The urine travels from the kidneys to the bladder through ureters, where it is stored until passing through the urethra. Sweat also helps remove water and salt through the skin, especially on hot days.
The kidneys remove waste from the blood in the form of urea and regulate water and electrolyte balance. Each nephron acts as the functional unit of the kidney, filtering blood in the cortex and reabsorbing useful substances along the tubule in the medulla. Urine is stored in the bladder and released through the urethra. Dialysis can temporarily perform the functions of damaged kidneys by filtering blood through a semipermeable membrane. A kidney transplant is the best long term treatment but requires immunosuppressant drugs to prevent rejection by the recipient's immune system.
The excretory system collects and eliminates waste from the body through various organs including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which is stored in the bladder and then passed out of the body through the urethra. The excretory system works to maintain homeostasis by regulating fluid levels and removing toxins.
The document discusses the human excretory system, including the organs and their functions in removing waste from the body. It details the kidneys, skin, and lungs and their roles in excretion - with the kidneys filtering waste from blood into urine, the skin excreting water and traces of waste through sweat, and the lungs filtering out carbon dioxide. It also examines renal diseases like infections and kidney stones, as well as skin structure, functions, and diseases like dandruff and burns.
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body via arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the lungs via veins to become reoxygenated. The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, hormones, blood cells, and wastes. It plays a key role in respiration, nutrition, and waste removal. Main components include the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood (plasma and blood cells).
The document discusses excretion in humans. It describes the components of the human excretory system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and remove urea, water, and carbon dioxide. The main wastes removed are carbon dioxide, urea, and water. The kidneys are made up of an outer cortex and inner medulla, and contain nephrons which filter the blood and remove waste via ultrafiltration and reabsorption.
The document provides an overview of the excretory system and kidney function. It discusses how different organisms such as insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals excrete nitrogenous waste as ammonia, uric acid, or urea. It describes the structure and function of the human kidney and nephrons in filtering waste from the blood and producing urine for excretion. Key topics covered include the excretion of uric acid by birds, the working of the kidney, types of excretion, kidney failure, gout, and kidney stones.
Excretion is the process of removing cellular wastes from the body. The main waste products excreted are carbon dioxide, nitrogen compounds, and salts. Nitrogen wastes like ammonia are toxic and must be removed; different organisms excrete nitrogen in the forms of ammonia, urea, or uric acid depending on their environment. In humans, the kidneys filter wastes like urea and salts from the blood and excrete them in urine through the urinary system.
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood throughout the body in two circulation loops - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products and circulates in a double circulation through arteries, veins, and capillaries where gas and nutrient exchange occurs. The circulatory system helps transport these materials, fight infections, regulate temperature and pH, and heal injuries through clotting.
Nutrition is a vital function by which living things obtain nutrients and energy from food. The document discusses the major body systems involved in nutrition:
- The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.
- The circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen throughout the body via blood and blood vessels.
- The respiratory system obtains oxygen from the air and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
The document discusses several body systems involved in homeostasis. It explains that homeostasis refers to maintaining relatively stable internal conditions despite external changes. Feedback loops allow the body to sense changes and respond to keep conditions like temperature, blood sugar, and pH levels balanced. The nervous, digestive, urinary, circulatory, and respiratory systems all contribute to homeostasis through feedback mechanisms. Key organs like the hypothalamus, liver, kidneys, and capillaries monitor levels and trigger responses to maintain homeostasis when levels deviate from their normal ranges. Diseases can disrupt homeostasis if systems are damaged or not functioning properly.
The 11 body systems work together to maintain homeostasis and carry out life's functions. The circulatory system transports nutrients, wastes, gases, and hormones throughout the body using the heart, blood vessels and blood. The digestive system extracts nutrients from food through a multi-step process involving the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas and intestines. The nervous system controls and coordinates the body using the brain, spinal cord and nerves to regulate sensory and motor functions.
The circulatory system transports nutrients, water, oxygen, and waste throughout the body via the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood through a network of arteries, capillaries, and veins, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and picking up waste. The circulatory system is vital for sustaining life.
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Enzymes and acids in the digestive tract break food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used for energy, growth, and cell repair.
The endocrine system
This document provides an overview of the digestive system and how it breaks down food into a usable form for cells. It discusses the two main parts of the digestive system - the gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs like the liver and pancreas. It then goes into more detail about each part of the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and large intestine. It explains the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion carried out by these organs to break down food and explains how the end products are used by cells for energy, growth, and repair.
The document discusses several body systems and how they contribute to homeostasis. It explains that homeostasis is the process by which organisms maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes. Negative feedback loops are described as a key mechanism, where a change triggers a response that acts to reverse the change. Several body systems, including the nervous, digestive, urinary, circulatory, respiratory, skeletal, and muscular systems, are discussed in terms of how they utilize feedback loops to keep conditions like temperature, blood sugar, water levels, and more within normal ranges. Diseases that can disrupt homeostasis in each system are also listed.
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the human digestive system. It describes the main organs of the alimentary canal including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. It explains the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion. It provides details on digestion in each part of the alimentary canal and the roles of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas in aiding digestion.
The excretory system relies on the circulatory system to transport waste products from tissues to the kidneys for filtration from the blood. It also works with the integumentary system as sweat glands aid in waste removal through the skin. The digestive system produces waste that
The liver plays a key role in metabolism and homeostasis. It receives a dual blood supply and filters waste from the blood to produce urea, which is excreted. Excess alcohol is broken down but can overload the liver, causing fatty deposits. The kidneys filter blood to produce urine via nephrons and selective reabsorption maintains electrolyte balance. Kidney failure requires dialysis or transplant. Pregnancy and drug tests analyze samples for target hormones or compounds.
Lesson 14 digestive, circulatory, lymphatic and respiratory systemNikko Lorenz Lawsin
This presentation contain the components of digestive system, circulatory system, lymphatic system and respiratory system. It discusses thoroughly the physiological processes perform by these systems
The document discusses several topics related to human health and physiology:
1. It describes the process of digestion, including ingestion, digestion, absorption, and transport of nutrients through the circulatory system. Key digestive enzymes and organs involved in digestion like the stomach and small intestine are explained.
2. The transport system is summarized, including the structure and double pump function of the heart to circulate blood through the pulmonary and systemic circulations to lungs and body respectively via arteries, arterioles, capillaries and veins.
3. Defence against infectious diseases is briefly covered, noting that pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi can cause disease, and that antibiotics work by selectively targeting differences between bacterial and human cells
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, and its main function is to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular waste products throughout the body. It has two circuits: systemic circulation, which transports blood between the heart and body, and pulmonary circulation, which transports blood between the heart and lungs. The main components of blood are plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and platelets help with clotting. The heart pumps blood through a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Diseases can occur if blood flow or components are compromised.
The document is a PowerPoint presentation about various life processes. It discusses topics like nutrition, photosynthesis, respiration, transportation, and excretion in humans and other organisms. For nutrition, it describes autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition as well as the processes in amoebas and humans. Photosynthesis is defined and its equation and steps are explained. Respiration includes aerobic and anaerobic reactions. Transportation systems in humans and plants are also outlined, along with the circulatory system and excretion processes in kidneys.
This document provides an overview of transport in mammals, specifically focusing on the circulatory system. It discusses the anatomy and components of the circulatory system, including the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The key functions of blood like oxygen transport, nutrient transport, waste removal, clotting, and immune functions are explained. Different blood cell types such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are described along with their roles. The document also introduces different concepts like single and double circulation as well as common heart diseases. Objectives for learning are provided at the end.
The document summarizes the functions and structure of the liver. It notes that the liver is the largest internal organ, located on the right side below the diaphragm. The liver has important metabolic, storage, excretory, protective, circulatory and coagulation functions, including breaking down toxins, producing bile and proteins, and regulating blood flow. The liver is made up of lobules containing hepatocytes and sinusoids that receive blood flow and allow for nutrient exchange. Damage to the liver can cause jaundice and diseases like hepatitis, cirrhosis, and cancer.
This document provides information about the human digestive and excretory systems. It describes the major organs involved in digestion, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. It explains the physical and chemical processes of digestion that break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. These include mechanical and chemical digestion in the mouth, stomach acid and enzymes, and nutrient absorption in the small intestine. The document also covers the role of the kidneys and urinary system in filtering waste from the blood and excreting it from the body as urine.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
1. CHAPTER - 6
LIFE PROCESSES
Subhasish Khanda
Subha.subhasish.khanda@gmail.com
2. Criteria to decide whether something is alive
●Responses to the stimuli
●Growth & Development
●Reproduction
●Movement
3. Life Processes
The basic processes in living organisms necessary for maintaining life.
Nutrition Respiration
Transportation Excretion
The basic life processes-
4. Nutrition
Process of taking food by an organism and its utilization by
the body.
To build the body
For growth
To repair the damaged parts of the body
For energy
Purpose:
6. Nutrition in Plants
The process by which plants uses carbon dioxide and water in the
presence of sunlight and chlorophyll to prepare their food carbohydrate
(stored in the form of starch) and converted light energy to chemical
energy. Produces water and Oxygen as byproduct..
Sunlight
6CO2 +12H2O
Chlorophyll
C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
Equation
Photosynthesis Photo synthesis
+
Raw Materials
Carbon dioxide
Water
Chlorophyll
Sunlight
Product
Carbohydrate (Starch)
Water
Oxygen
7.
8. o Green pigments present in the leaves.
o Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, Chlorophyll-c, Chlorophyll-d
o Cells containing green dot like structures called chloroplasts
which contain chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll
9.
10. Process of photosynthesis
i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll & conversion of light energy
into chemical energy
ii)Splitting up of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.
iii) Reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen to form carbohydrates.
Process of Photosynthesis
Light Dependent Reaction
Use light energy
Takes place in the thylakoid membrane is the Grana
Dark Independent Reaction
Takes place in the thylakoid membrane is the Stroma
11. Tiny pores present in the leaves
Exchange gases
Each stoma has a pair of guard cells
Stomata
15. Nutrition in Human
Mode: Heterotrophic Nutrition
System: Digestive system
Components of Digestive system: Alimentary canal & Glands (producesenzymes)
Organs of Digestive system
Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus
Glands of Digestive system
Salivary glands
Gastric glands
Liver
Pancreas
Intestinal glands
16.
17. Organs Gland Enzyme Function
Mouth Salivary Glands
(Saliva)
Salivary Amylase Converts starch
into sugar
Stomach Gastric Glands
(Gastric juice)
Peptic Cell
Oxyntic Cell
Mucous Sec. Cell
Pepsin Breaks down
proteins
Hydrochloric acid
(Not an enzyme)
Makes the medium
acidic
Mucous
(Not an enzyme)
Protection of the
walls of stomach
Alimentary Canal & Glands
18. Organs Gland Enzyme Function
Small
Intestine
Liver
(Bile juice)
No enzyme
(Bile salts)
Breaks fats
Pancreas
(Pancreatic juice)
Trypsin Breaks proteins
Lipase Breaks fats
Walls of the small
intestine
(Intestinal juice)
• Carbohydrates into
Glucose
• Fats into fatty acids
and glycerol
• Proteins into amino
acids
Large
Intestine
No significant digestive activity
Absorption of water & Removal of waste material through anus
Cont.
19. Respiration
Respiration is the process by which food is burnt in
the cells of the body with the help of oxygen to
release energy.
Place of occurrence:
• Mitochondria
• Cytoplasm
20. Types of Respiration
Aerobic Anaerobic
• Presence of oxygen
• Products: Carbon dioxide
Water
and energy
• Energy release: More (38 ATP)
Glucose Pyruvate CO2 + H2O +Energy
presence of oxygen presence of oxygen
in cytoplasm in mitochondria
• Absence of oxygen
• Products: Carbon dioxide
lactic acid/ ethanol
and energy
• Energy release: Less (04 ATP)
Aerobic
presence of oxygen absence of oxygen
Glucose Pyruvate Lactic acid + Energy
in cytoplasm in muscle cells
Anaerobic in muscle cells
Anaerobic in Yeast
Glucose Pyruvate Ethanol + CO2 + Energy
presence of oxygen absence of oxygen
in cytoplasm in Yeast
21. Breakdown of glucose by various pathways
presence
of oxygen
CO2 + H2O + Energy
(in mitochondria)
presence
of oxygen
absence
of oxygen
Glucose Pyruvate
+
Energy
Lactic acid + Energy
in cytoplasm (in muscle
cells)
absence
of oxygen
Ethanol + CO2 + Energy
(in yeast)
25. Mechanisms of Breathing
●When air in, the muscles
of the diaphragm contracts
and moves downward and
the chest cavity expands
and air enters into the
lungs.
●When air out, the
muscles of the diaphragm
relaxes and moves
upward and the chest
cavity contracts and air
goes out of the lungs.
26. • Blood: Transport dissolved gases, nutrients and waste products
• Blood vessels: Blood flows around the body(Arteries,Veins,Capillaries)
• Heart: Pumps blood around the body
• Valves: Ensure blood flow in one direction only
Transportation
Transportation in Human
The main transport system in human beings is the circulatory system
Components of Circulatory system
• Open
• Closed (Blood remains enclosed and circulates in a system of tubes)
Types of circulatory systems:
27.
28. • Closed circulatory system, called the cardiovascular system
• Cardio = Heart; Vascular = Blood vessels
• Circulatory system is a double system.
• Blood flows through two distinct circulations –
o The Pulmonary
o The Systemic
Human Circulatory System
The right side pumps blood to the lungs, which returns to the left
side of the heart.
The left side pumps blood to the rest of the body, which returns to
the right side of the heart.
29. • Surrounded by pericardium
• Situated in the middle of the
chest thorax.
• Protected by the ribs and
sternum.
‘Pump house’ Pumps blood to all parts of the body
30. Right Atria* Left Atria
Right Ventricle Left Ventricle
Four chambers (Atrium & Ventricles)
Atrium:
Collection units
Walls are thinner
Ventricles:
Distribution Units
Walls are thicker
Right and left chambers
separated by Septum
31. Blood Vessels Functions
Arteries Carry oxygenated blood away from heart
(Exception: PA)
Veins Carry deoxygenated blood towards heart
(Exception: PV)
Capillaries Connect arteries and veins
Pulmonary Arteries Carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lung
Pulmonary Veins Carry oxygenated blood from lung to heart
Vena Cava Carry deoxygenated blood from body to heart
Aorta Carry oxygenated blood from heart to body
Valves Functions
Mitral Valves Separate Left Atrium to Left Ventricle One
directional
blood flow
Tricuspid Valves Separate Right Atrium to Right Ventricle
33. Blood Pressure
Force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels
Factors maintain blood pressure
Systole: Contractions of ventricle
Diastole: Relaxation of ventricles
• Systolic BP: Maximum pressure in the aorta when ventricles contract
The pressure of blood inside the artery during ventricular systole
(contraction) is called systolic pressure
• Diastolic BP: Lowest pressure in the aorta when ventricles relax
The pressure of blood inside the artery during ventricular diastole
(relaxation) is called diastolic pressure
BPrecorded with systolic over diastolic, e.g. 120/80 mm Hg.
Normal Systolic Pressure is about 120 mm Hg
Diastolic Pressure is about 80 mm Hg.
Instrument measure BP: Sphygmomanometer
34. Transportation in plants
Why? • To receive nutrients
• No circulatory system
• Supply of water
Through
xylem
UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOW OF WATER & MINERALS
ROOT STEM
MULTIDIRECTIOAL FLOW OF FOOD IN PLANTS
LEAVES Through
phloem
Stem
35. Transportation in plants takes place through conducting tissues-
1. Xylem
2. Phloem
• Tracheids
• Tracheae
• Xylem parenchyma
• Xylem fibre
Elements of Xylem:
Elements of Phloem:
• Sieve tubes
• Sieve cells
• Phloem parenchyma
• Phloem fibre
36. Excretion
• Process of removal of waste produced during metabolic activities
• Unicellular organism by diffusion
• Multicellular organisms through specialized organs
Excretion in Human
Components of Excretory System
Kidney (pairs)
Ureter (pairs)
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
39. Gaseous waste products removed through the stomata.
Excess water removed through the stomata (Transpiration)
Some waste products are stored in -
Leaves
Barks
Roots
Fruits
Vacuoles
Old xylem cells (gums and resins)
Excretion in Plants
40. The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for
(a) Nutrition (b) Respiration (c) Excretion (d) Transportation
The xylem in plants are responsible for
(a) Transport of water (b) Transport of food
(c) Transport of amino acids (d) Transport of oxygen
The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires
(a) Carbon dioxide and water (b) Chlorophyll
(c) Sunlight (d) All of the above
EXERCISES
The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and
energy takes place in
(a) Cytoplasm (b) Mitochondria (c) Chloroplast (d) Nucleus
Which protein digesting enzyme is present in pancreatic juice ?
Trypsin
(c) Excretion
(a) Transport of water
(d) All of the above
(b) Mitochondria
41. How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this
process take place?
What is saliva? What roles saliva play in digestion?
Digestion of fat takes place in the small intestine. Fat reaches the small
intestine in the form of large globules. The liver releases bile juice which
breaks down the large globules into smaller globules. Pancreatic juice
contains enzyme called lipase, which also breaks down the globules into
molecules.
The process takes place in the small intestine.
Saliva is a watery fluid secreted by salivary gland.
The digestive functions of saliva are-
Moistening of foods and helping it to swallowed easily.
Saliva contains the enzyme amylase that break down starches into
glucose.
42. What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and
what are its by products?
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration.
Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll pigment, and sunlight
Water & Oxygen are its by product
Organisms use anaerobic mode of respiration are yeast, bacteria
43. How are the alveoli designed to maximize the exchange of gases?
What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in
our bodies?
Alveoli are balloon-like structure that provides maximum surface area
for exchange of gases. Thin-walled alveoli and richly supplied network
of blood vessels facilitate the maximum exchange of gases between
blood and the air.
Deficiency of haemoglobin in the blood can affect oxygen supply. This can
lead to a deficiency of oxygen in the body cells, which leads to a disease
called anaemia.
State two functions of stomata [2020]
• Exchange of gases
• Transpiration
44. Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary?
What are the differences between the transport of materials in
xylem and phloem?
During a single cycle blood goes twice in the heart (Systematic
circulation & Pulmonary circulation) which is known as double
circulation.
It is necessary in human being to separate oxygenated and de-
oxygenated blood.
• Xylem tissue helps in the transport of water and
minerals. Phloem tissue helps in the transport of food.
• Transport in the xylem requires physical forces such as transpiration
pull. Transport of food in phloem requires energy in the form of ATP
45. Why is there a difference in the rate of breathing between aquatic
organisms and terrestrial organisms? Explain. [2020]
The amount of oxygen dissolved in water is lower as compared to the
amount of oxygen in air. Aquatic organisms therefore have to breath faster
than terrestrial organisms to absorb the required amount of oxygen from
the water.
Explain why plants have low energy needs as compare to animals?
[2019]
Majority of plants do not move and they have a large proportion of dead
cells in many tissues. Thus plants requires low energy as compare to
animals.
Mention any two components of blood. [2018]
• Plasma
• Red Blood Cells (RBC)
• White Blood Cells (WBC)
• Platelets
46. Why do the walls of the trachea not collapse when there is less
air in it?
Rings of cartilages are present
in trachea. These rings
support the trachea and do not
allow the trachea to collapse
when there is less air in it.
Name the organs that forms excretory system in human beings.[2020]
• Kidney (pairs)
• Ureter (pairs)
• Urinary Bladder
• Urethra
47. Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in
the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning.
Alveoli are tiny balloon-like structures present inside the lungs. The
walls of the alveoli are one cell thick and it contains an extensive
network of blood capillaries.
Nephrons are tubular structures present inside the kidneys.
Nephrons are made of glomerulus, bowman's capsule, and a
long renal tube
Trace the movement of oxygenated blood in the body [2018]
Lungs Left atrium aorta body organs
Write the function of valves present in between atria and ventricles.
[2018]
Prevent back flow of blood
48. Write one structural difference between the composition of artery
and veins. [2018]
Define excretion [2018]
Name the basic filtration unit present in the kidney. [2018]
• Artery has thick elastic wall and vein is thin walled
• Valves are present in the veins and not in arteries
The Processes in which harmful metabolic waste (nitrogenous waste)
are removed from the body is called as excretion.
Nephron
Name two excretory products other than O2 and CO2 in plants
Resins and gums
Water and minerals are transported within the plant by Xylem vessels
(mainly in an upward direction) because of the transpiration pull.
How does water enter continuously into the root xylem?.[2019]
OR
How are water and minerals transported in plants ?
49. When do the desert plants take up carbon dioxide and perform
photosynthesis ?
Desert plants open up their stomata during night and take CO2. During the
day time stomata remains close to prevent the loss of water by
transpiration. During night plants collects and store CO2 in their cells.
During the day time they carry out photosynthesis to prepare their food. .
In single celled organisms diffusion is sufficient to meet all their
requirements of food, exchange of gases or removal of wastes but
it is not in case of multicellular organisms. Explain the reason.
Unicellular organisms can meet all their requirements through diffusion
because of its complete contact with the atmosphere, but in multicellular
organisms all cells are not in direct contact with the atmosphere. Thus the
rate of diffusion is very less. Organisms requires more oxygen to sustain
life processes which cannot be fulfilled by the process of diffusion.
50. Mention the raw materials required for photosynthesis.
• Carbon Dioxide
Explain how does the exchange of gases occur in plants.
In plants, tiny pores like structure called stomata are present on leaves
and lenticels in stem which facilitates the exchange of gases. Carbon
dioxide is taken in and oxygen given out {during photosynthesis} and
vice versa during respiration.
How do guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomatal
pore?
The opening and closing of pore is a function of guard cells. The guard
cells swell when water flows into them causing opening of stomatal pore.
Similarly, pore closes when guard cells shrink by loosing of water.
• Water
• Sunlight
• Chlorophyll
51. List three characteristics of lungs which make it an efficient
respiratory surface.
1.Thin walled air sacs: The thin walls of air sac helps in quick diffusion
of gases. Which helps Oxygen and Carbon dioxide to circulate easily
through lungs.
2.Moistness of air sac: moist air sacs can dissolve gases before
diffusion.
3.Large surface area: Alveoli looks like tennis rackets. Thus the
surface area for absorption of gases increased.
4.Good blood supply: Air sacs or alveoli have a large capillary network
so more flow of blood leads more exchange of gases.
What is transpiration in plants?
The process through which plants loss excess water as water vapour.
52. What will happen to a plant if its xylem is removed?
Xylem in plant transports water and dissolved mineral nutrients from
the roots to leaf. So, if xylem is removed from the plant, the water and
mineral supply to the plant will stop and therefore, the plant will die.
What happens to the rate of breathing during vigorous exercise
and why?
During vigorous exercise the rate of breathing will increases by about
20 to 25 times per minute. Because, during vigorous exercise the
demand for oxygen increases.
Villi are finger like projections in the small intestine. They are richly
supplied with blood vessels which helps to increase the surface area for
absorption of the digested food in to the blood stream.
State the role of Villi in human digestive system
53. Leaves of a healthy potted plant were coated with vaseline to
block the stomata. Will this plant remain healthy for long? State
three reasons for your answer.
No, the plant will not remain healthy. it will begin to die, because-
• Gaseous exchange will not take place.
• No absorption of CO2 through stomata, hence no photosynthesis.
• Transpiration will not occur, so no transpiration pull, hence no
transportation of water.
What is translocation in plants?
The movement of soluble materials, products of photosynthesis from
leaves to other tissues throughout the plant
• HCl helps to kill germs, entered in to the system through food.
• It creates medium acidic for pepsin to breakdown proteins.
State the role of HCl in human digestive system
54. Describe in brief how urine is produced in human body. [2020]
Each kidney has large numbers of filtration units
called nephron. Nephron filter blood and produce
urine in multiple steps. The blood passes different
parts of nephron. Some substances such as
glucose, amino acids, salts and a major amount of
water, are selectively re-absorbed as the urine
flows along the tube and some substances like
urea, uric acid and creatinine are filter out as
components of urine.
Next to it, the urine goes to urinary
bladder through ureters. In the bladder, urine
stored for some time before urination. Later on
urine is excreted out through urethra.
55. Write two water conducting tissue present in plants [2019]
Xylem vessels and Xylem tracheids
Why it is necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood in mammals and birds
Mammals and birds are animals which can be called warm-blooded
animals. Warm-blooded animals have the characteristic that they can
produce body heat, even if it is cold outside. It is necessary that the
oxygenated and Deoxygenated blood is separated so that the body does
not generate excessive heat due to excessive production of carbon
dioxide.
What are outside raw materials used for by an organism
Food, Oxygen and Water
What process would you consider essential for maintaining life
Nutrition, Respiration, Excretion, Transportation, Reproduction
What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive
• Growth
• Reproduction
• Metabolism
• Movements