Nutrition is a vital function by which living things obtain nutrients and energy from food. The document discusses the major body systems involved in nutrition: - The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. - The circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen throughout the body via blood and blood vessels. - The respiratory system obtains oxygen from the air and removes carbon dioxide from the body.

1. NUTRITION
UNIT 2
NATURAL SCIENCE

2. HUMAN BEINGS
are living things
THEY PERFORM THREE VITAL FUNCTIONS
INTERACTION REPRODUCTIONNUTRITION
5 senses
Nervous
System
Locomotor
system
?

3. NUTRITION
IT IS A VITAL FUNCTION BY WHICH LIVING
THINGS OBTAIN/GET NUTRIENTS AND
ENERGY TO GROW AND PERFORM THEIR
DAILY ACTIVITIES OBTAIN
ENERGY

4. NUTRITION
Digestive system
It takes oxygen (O2) from
the atmosphere and it
expels CO2.
Excretory system
Circulatory system
Respiratory system
It obtains/gets the nutrients that
we need from food and drink
It gets rid of waste or
unwanted substances
It transports/carries the
nutrients and oxygen to our
body cells. It also transports
the CO2 and waste.

5. NUTRITION
ENERGY
FOOD
(NUTRIENTS)
OXYGEN
CARBON
DIOXIDE

6. EAT WELL AND HEALTHILY
Our Digestive System BREAKS DOWN the food in
smaller pieces called NUTRIENTS
CARBOHYDRATES
FATS PROTEINS
VITAMINS
A good diet should provide us with all these
nutrients in a right quantity

7. http://www.mcdonalds.ca/ca/en/menu/full_menu/sandwiches.html
WHERE AND HOW CAN WE FIND
INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOOD WE EAT?
In the packaging
you can find
nutritional
contents of that
food
ENERGY

8. NUTRIENTS

9. FOOD PYRAMID

10. Why is important to eat well
and healthily?
To grow well and
to be stronger
To prevent from
suffering mental and
physical diseases such
as: obesity, heart attacks,
anorexia, bulimia...

11. What effects can smoking and
pollution have in our body?
Respiratory
Illnesses such
as Bronchitis
and Lung
Cancer

12. What effects can DRUGS have
in our body?
DRUGS can interfere in
the right functioning of
the BRAIN

13. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
FOOD NUTRIENTS
Substances that come from food which living
things need in order to live and grow (energy)
It’s a group of organs in the body that extract nutrients from
food and expel/get rid of undigested waste
CARBOHYDRATES VITAMINS
FATSPROTEINS

14. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Salivary gland
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small
IntestineLarge Intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
RectumAnus
Epiglottis
Pancreas

15. VOCABULARY
CRUSH
CHEW
TRIGGER
SWALLOW To press something with
force that destroy it
To Masticate. An action
done by your gums and
teeth to crush the food
CHEWING GUM
To provoque, to cause…
To take (food or drink) down
your throat with a muscular
action
SQUEEZE
To compress something

16. DIGESTION
Our smell sense triggers the
production of saliva. It’s
help the teeth to crush food
as we chew. The tongue
shape the food into a ball
called bolus
When we swallow the bolus
passes into the oesophagus
(tubes that links the pharynx
with the stomach). There is a
flap called epiglottis, which
prevent food from going down
into the windpipe (trachea)
and into the lungs. The
muscles of the oesophagus
squeeze the food to the
stomach.The stomach (main role)
breaks down food using its
strong muscular walls and
producing gastric juices
which mix with the bolus and
kill harmful bacteria (quimo)
https://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=QvG
YvK6qScE
CHOKE: When the
airway is blocked you
will choke, won’t breath

17. DIGESTION
In the small intestine, the
tiny pieces of food mix
with bile (produced by
liver) and pancreatic
juices (produced by
pancreas). They break
down it into nutrients.
These nutrients pass
through its walls and are
absorbed into the blood
The waste that our body
doesn’t need passes to
the large intestine. Here,
water is absorbed into
the blood. The solid
waste leaves our body
through the anus.

18. DIGESTION
1ST ORGANISATION
2nd KEY VOCABAULRY: ACCURACY
Bile, pancreatic juices, swallow,
trigger, crush, teeth...?
3rd GRAMMAR
3rd person
Spelling mistakes

19. Do the lungs have the
same size? Why?

20. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
BLOOD
(nutrients and oxygen)
BLOOD VESSELS
(carry it)
HEART
(pump the blood)
CIRCULATION
connect the heart with
The LUNGS The rest of the body

21. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
DELIVERS/CARRIES/DISTRIBUTES
BLOOD
THE BODY’S TISSUES
TO
NETWORK (interconnected system)
OF BLOOD VESSELS
THROUGH A

22. BLOOD
BLOOD IS CARRIED BY BLOOD VESSELS (ARTERIES, VEINS AND CAPILLARES).
PLASMA: Is 90% water. It carries the nutrients, waste products and other substances
BLOOD VESSEL
(vaso sanguíneo)
BLOOD IS A LIQUID SUBSTANCE MADE UP OF:
RED BLOOD CELLS: Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. Give blood its colour.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS:
Fight infeccions. They
absorb and kill germs
and bacteria which
enter the body.
PLATELETS (Plaquetas):
Join together when the
body loses blood to
help stop bleeding.

23. IMAGINE
BLOOD VESSEL
AND PLASMA
RED BLOOD CELLS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
PLATELETS

24. BLOOD
WHEN WE LOSE BLOOD
WE ARE BLEEDING
BLEED

25. BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERY (RED): CARRY BLOOD FROM
THE HEART THE REST OF THE BODY.
THEY TAKE THE BLOOD AWAY
VEIN (BLUE): CARRY/BRING BLOOD
BLACK TO THE HEART. TOWARDS THE
HEART.
CAPILLARIES: Tiny blood vessels where
nutrients and gases can easily pass
through them to the cells.

27. HEART
RIGHT SIDE OF OUR BODY? LEFT SIDE OF OUR BODY?

28. HEART
Each half is divided in two
chambers. The one at the top is
called atria or atrium (aurícula)
and the other chamber at the
bottom is called ventricle
(ventrículo).
The atrium and the ventricle of
the same side are separated by a
valve.
The heart is divided in two
halves by a thick and elastic
muscular wall. Left side (red
half) and right side (blue part).
Atriums receive blood coming into
the heart. Ventricles pump the
blood out of the heart.
ATRIUM
VENTRICLE
TRICUSPID
MITRAL
RIGHT SIDE
LEFT SIDE

29. HEART
Right ventricle
Right atrium
LEFT ventricle
Superior
VENA CAVA
Inferior
VENA CAVA
AORTA ARTERY
PULMONARY VEIN
(oxygenated blood
comes back to the
heart)
LEFT atrium
PULMONARY ARTERY (deoxygenated blood goes to lungs)

30. CIRCULATION
Blood flows around the body in a
doble circuit
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Blood flows from the HEART to
the LUNGS and back to the heart
again
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Blood flows from the HEART to
the REST OF THE BODY and back
to the heart

31. CIRCULATION
Pulmonary
circulation
Deoxygenated blood passes
from the right atrium to the
right ventricle. Blood leaves
the heart via pulmonary
artery to the lungs.
In the lungs, blood releases
carbon dioxide and collects
oxygen. Blood returns to the
heart through the pulmonary
veins

32. CIRCULATION
SYSTEMIC
circulation
Oxygenated blood passes from
the right atrium to the right
ventricle. Blood is pumped
through the biggest artery in
the body called AORTA, to the
rest of the body
AORTA carries the blood into
small arteries and then to
capillaries (O2 and nutrients
exchange)
Deoxygenated blood
passes to the veins and
they carry the bood
back to the heart and
the process begins
again

33. CIRCULATION

34. ENERGY
FOOD
(NUTRIENTS)
OXYGEN
CARBON
DIOXIDE
THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
TO OBTAIN/GET OXYGEN (O2) FROM THE ATMOSPHERE AND
GET RID OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

35. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

36. THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
URINE
PEE
URINATE TO PISS/PEE
EXCRET
ELIMINATE
FORMAL INFORMAL/SLANG
SWEAT

37. THE EXCRETORY
SYSTEM:Urinary System
URINE
It’s a yellowish
liquid made up
of water and
waste products
excreted by our
kidneys

38. two bean-shaped organs that
filter/eliminate waste from the blood
and produce urine
two thin tubes that take pee from the
kidney to the bladder
a sack that holds/stores pee until it's
time to go to the bathroom
the tube that carries urine from the
bladder out of the body when you pee
KIDNEYS
BLADDER
URETER
URETHRA
THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM: Urinary System

39. THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM:
Sweating