2. HUMAN BEINGS
are living things
THEY PERFORM THREE VITAL FUNCTIONS
INTERACTION REPRODUCTIONNUTRITION
5 senses
Nervous
System
Locomotor
system
?
3. NUTRITION
IT IS A VITAL FUNCTION/COMBINATION OF
PROCESSES BY WHICH LIVING THINGS
OBTAIN/GET NUTRIENTS AND ENERGY IN
ORDER TO GROW AND PERFORM THEIR
DAILY ACTIVITIES
OBTAIN
ENERGY
4. NUTRITION
Digestive system
It takes oxygen (O2) from
the atmosphere and it
expels CO2.
Excretory system
Circulatory system
Respiratory system
It is going to breaks down the food
and drinks that we take to obtain/get
the nutrients that we need
It gets rid of waste or
unwanted substances
It transports/carries the
nutrients and oxygen to our
body cells. It also transports
the CO2 and waste.
THE ARE 4 PROCESSES INVOLVED IN
NUTRITION. THESE PROCESSES TAKE PLACE
IN DIFFERENT SYSTEMS IN OUR BODY
5. NUTRITION
Our Digestive System BREAKS DOWN the food in
smaller pieces called NUTRIENTS
CARBOHYDRATES
FATS PROTEINS
VITAMINS
AND
MINERALS
A good diet should provide us with all these
nutrients in a right quantity
NUTRIENTS are simple substances that come from food
which plants and animals need in order to live and grow.
BODY CELL
6. They provide
a fast supply
of energy
They help us
to build our
muscles and
repair our
body
They
provide a
slower
supply of
energy.
They are necessary
for our body to
function properly.
NUTRIENTS are simple substances that come from food
which plants and animals need in order to live and grow.
NUTRIENTS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO GROUPS
They are
found in rice
and cereals
such as bread
and pasta
They are
found in oils
and butter
They are
found in
meat, fish,
eggs and
They are found in
fruits and vegetables
Transport
our
nutrients
and waste
around the
body
8. In the packaging you can find NUTRITIONAL FACTS of the food
that you are taking
WHERE AND HOW CAN WE FIND
INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOOD WE EAT?
Too many facts and calories for this meal! NOT HEALTHY
9. Why is important to eat well
and healthily?
To grow well and
to be stronger
To prevent from suffering
mental and physical diseases
such as: obesity AND heart
attacks
10. What effects can smoking and
pollution have in our body?
Respiratory
Illnesses such
as Bronchitis
and Lung
Cancer
11. What effects can DRUGS have
in our body?
DRUGS can interfere in
the right functioning of
the BRAIN
12. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
FOOD NUTRIENTS
Substances that come from food which living
things need in order to live and grow.
It’s a group of organs in the body that extract nutrients from
food and expel/get rid of undigested waste
CARBOHYDRATES VITAMINS
FATSPROTEINSBreaks down
into
14. VOCABULARY
CRUSH
CHEW
TRIGGER
SWALLOW To press something with
force that destroy it
To Masticate. An action
done by your gums and
teeth to crush the food
CHEWING GUM
To provoque, to cause…
To take (food or drink) down
your throat with a muscular
action
SQUEEZE
To compress something
15. DIGESTION
NOSE AND MOUTH
Our smell sense triggers the
production of saliva. This
helps the teeth to crush
food as we chew. The
tongue shape the food into
a ball called bolus
OESOPHAGUS
When we swallow the bolus
passes into the oesophagus
(tubes that links the pharynx
with the stomach). There is a
flap called epiglottis, which
prevent food from going down
into the windpipe (trachea)
and into the lungs. The
muscles of the oesophagus
squeeze the food to the
stomach.
STOMACH
It breaks down food using its
strong muscular walls and
producing gastric juices
which mix with the bolus and
kill harmful bacteria (quimo)
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=QvGYvK6qScE
CHOKE: When the
airway is blocked you
will choke, won’t breath
Process by which we break
food down
16. DIGESTION
In the small intestine, the
tiny pieces of food mix
with bile (produced by
liver) and pancreatic
juices (produced by
pancreas). They break
down it into nutrients.
These nutrients pass
through its walls and are
absorbed into the blood
The waste that our body
doesn’t need passes to
the large intestine. Here,
water is absorbed into
the blood. The solid
waste leaves our body
through the anus.
19. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
BLOOD
(nutrients and oxygen)
BLOOD VESSELS
(transport/carry blood)
HEART
(pump the blood)
CIRCULATION
connect the heart with
The LUNGS The rest of the body
21. BLOOD
BLOOD IS CARRIED BY BLOOD VESSELS (ARTERIES, VEINS AND CAPILLARES).
PLASMA: Is 90% water. It carries the nutrients, waste products and other substances
BLOOD VESSEL
(vaso sanguíneo)
BLOOD IS A LIQUID SUBSTANCE MADE UP OF:
RED BLOOD CELLS: Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. Give blood its colour.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS:
Fight infeccions. They
absorb and kill germs
and bacteria which
enter the body.
PLATELETS (Plaquetas):
Join together when the
body loses blood to
help stop bleeding.
24. BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERY (RED): CARRY BLOOD FROM
THE HEART THE REST OF THE BODY.
THEY TAKE THE BLOOD AWAY
VEIN (BLUE): CARRY/BRING BLOOD
BLACK TO THE HEART. TOWARDS THE
HEART.
CAPILLARIES: Tiny blood vessels where
nutrients and gases can easily pass
through them to the cells.
27. HEART: hollow muscle which pumps blood through
the body
Each half is divided in two
chambers. The one at the top is
called atria or atrium (aurícula)
and the other chamber at the
bottom is called ventricle
(ventrículo).
The atrium and the ventricle of
the same side are separated by a
valve.
The heart is divided in two
halves by a thick and elastic
muscular wall. Left side (red
half) and right side (blue part).
Atriums receive blood coming into
the heart. Ventricles pump the
blood out of the heart.
ATRIUM
VENTRICLE
TRICUSPID
MITRAL
RIGHT SIDE
LEFT SIDE
28. HEART
Right ventricle
Right atrium
LEFT ventricle
Superior
VENA CAVA
Inferior
VENA CAVA
AORTA ARTERY
PULMONARY VEIN
(oxygenated blood
comes back to the
heart)
LEFT atrium
PULMONARY ARTERY (deoxygenated blood goes to lungs)
29. CIRCULATION
Blood flows around the body in a
doble circuit
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Blood flows from the HEART to
the LUNGS and back to the heart
again
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Blood flows from the HEART to
the REST OF THE BODY and back
to the heart
30. CIRCULATION
Pulmonary
circulation
Deoxygenated blood passes
from the right atrium to the
right ventricle. Blood leaves
the heart via pulmonary
artery to the lungs.
In the lungs, blood releases
carbon dioxide and collects
oxygen. Blood returns to the
heart through the pulmonary
veins
BLOOD NEEDS TO BE CLEANED
AND GET OXYGEN THAT’S WHY
GO TO THE LUNGS
31. CIRCULATION
SYSTEMIC
circulation
Oxygenated blood passes from
the right atrium to the right
ventricle. Blood is pumped
through the biggest artery in
the body called AORTA, to the
rest of the body
AORTA carries the blood into
small arteries and then to
capillaries (O2 and nutrients
exchange)
Deoxygenated blood
passes to the veins and
they carry the bood
back to the heart and
the process begins
again
34. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATION
When we take a breath, air enters
through the NOSE AND MOUTH.
It passes down the PHARYNX and
then to the TRACHEA (or windpipe)
The trachea is divided into 2 two
tubes called BRONCHI. Each
BRONCHUS then divides into
smaller and smaller tubes called
BRONCHIOLES.
35. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATION
At the end of each BRONCHIOLE,
there is a cluster/groups of tiny air
sacks called ALVEOLI (plural).
The ALVEOLI are covered by
CAPILLARIES. GAS EXCHANGE
takes place in the ALVEOLI.
Oxygen passes from the alveoli to
the capillaries and into the blood.
38. THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Eliminates (or excretes) waste products from our
body
Our body excretes carbon dioxide,
urine and water
URINARY SYSTEM SWEAT GLANDS
39. THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM:
Urinary System
The urinary system is one
way in which the body gets
rid of waste from blood. It
produces about 1.4 liters of
urine every day.
URINE
It’s a yellowish liquid made up
of water and waste products
excreted by our kidneys
40. THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM:
Urinary System
1. The RENAL ARTERIES carry
blood to the kidneys.
2. the KIDNEYS eliminate
water and waste products
from the blood creating
URINE.
3. URINE leaves the KIDNEYS and
passes down through 2 tubes called
the URETERS to the BLADDER.
4. When the BLADDER is full.It is
emptied by another tube called
URETHRA.
41. two bean-shaped organs that
filter/eliminate waste from the blood
and produce urine
two thin tubes that take pee from the
kidney to the bladder
a sack that holds/stores pee until it's
time to go to the bathroom
the tube that carries urine from the
bladder out of the body when you pee
KIDNEYS
BLADDER
URETER
URETHRA
THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM: Urinary System
42. THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM:
Sweating
Our body also eliminates
waste products through the
skin.
When we get hot, our sweat
glands in our skin are activated
to cool down the body.
THESE GLANDS excret SWEAT
which is a mixture of water
and minerals. It leaves the
body through the PORES.
