The document discusses life in two types of deserts - hot and cold. It describes the Sahara desert as the largest hot desert located in northern Africa. The Sahara has extreme temperatures, sparse vegetation and supports nomadic tribes. It also describes the Ladakh desert as a high altitude cold desert in the Himalayas with low precipitation, freezing temperatures and sparse vegetation. Both deserts present harsh living conditions but people have adapted to the environments through activities like herding animals and growing crops in oases.
The document discusses various aspects of deserts around the world. It describes that deserts are typically located between 5-30 degrees latitude on either side of the equator, and are often found on the western margins of continents. It provides details about the Thar Desert located in India and the climate and lifestyle of people in the Rajasthan region. It also summarizes information about the five largest deserts in the world - Antarctica, Arctic, Sahara, Arabian and Gobi deserts, including their location, size, climate, vegetation and wildlife. Furthermore, it describes some unique plant species found in North American deserts - the Creosote bush, Barrel cactus and Elephant tree.
A PowerPoint presentation on the great Indian Desert covering its full features. It is developed with the help of my group members. Its in total 10 slides
Its a powerpoint on Indian Desert/ Thar desert
Deserts are arid regions with little vegetation that are characterized by extreme temperatures. The Sahara desert is the largest hot desert found in North Africa, covering over 8 million square kilometers across 11 countries. Temperatures in the Sahara can exceed 50°C during the day. Nomadic tribes such as the Bedouins and Tuaregs inhabit the Sahara and rely on livestock like camels for their livelihood. Ladakh is a high altitude cold desert in India with harsh winter conditions where people engage in farming during summer and festivals to pass winter months.
The Sahara desert is the largest hot desert in the world, covering around 8.5 million square kilometers across 11 countries in North Africa. It has an extremely hot and dry climate with some of the highest recorded temperatures on Earth. While the Sahara was once a fertile region, over thousands of years natural forces and human activities have converted it into a largely barren wasteland of sand that is unsuitable for most plant growth except for some hardy species like cacti and acacia. A few oases located among the desert support settled populations that farm dates and engage in herding and trade.
The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world and experiences an extremely harsh climate with little to no rainfall. Wildlife has adapted to the hyperarid conditions through features like sparse vegetation and populations concentrated near oases. Around 2 million people live in the Sahara, some permanently near water sources and some nomadically. The Sahara contains wonders like expansive dune fields, rivers, and ruins of ancient cultures, and is expected to transform from a desert back to a green landscape in approximately 15,000 years.
The Sahara desert is located in northern Africa, covering around 3.3 million square miles or 25% of the continent. It is inhabited by nomadic tribes like the Taureg who trade goods like gold, ivory and salt. Life is difficult in the desert - food consists mainly of camel milk, dates and porridge. Oases are important as they provide water to communities. The climate is very hot with little rainfall, though seasonal rivers and sand dunes cover much of the landscape. A variety of wildlife has adapted to the harsh conditions.
The document summarizes key aspects of the desert biome and human adaptations for survival. It notes that deserts have little rain, high temperatures, and wind. The human body tries to regulate its temperature through sweating, which can cause significant water loss. To survive, humans must replace lost water or risk dehydration and death. The body also conserves water through hormones and limiting urine production. Key body systems like the nervous, excretory, and muscular systems are impacted by the extreme heat and lack of water in the desert environment. The document recommends wearing loose, breathable clothing and sunglasses for protection in desert conditions.
The document discusses various aspects of deserts around the world. It describes that deserts are typically located between 5-30 degrees latitude on either side of the equator, and are often found on the western margins of continents. It provides details about the Thar Desert located in India and the climate and lifestyle of people in the Rajasthan region. It also summarizes information about the five largest deserts in the world - Antarctica, Arctic, Sahara, Arabian and Gobi deserts, including their location, size, climate, vegetation and wildlife. Furthermore, it describes some unique plant species found in North American deserts - the Creosote bush, Barrel cactus and Elephant tree.
A PowerPoint presentation on the great Indian Desert covering its full features. It is developed with the help of my group members. Its in total 10 slides
Its a powerpoint on Indian Desert/ Thar desert
Deserts are arid regions with little vegetation that are characterized by extreme temperatures. The Sahara desert is the largest hot desert found in North Africa, covering over 8 million square kilometers across 11 countries. Temperatures in the Sahara can exceed 50°C during the day. Nomadic tribes such as the Bedouins and Tuaregs inhabit the Sahara and rely on livestock like camels for their livelihood. Ladakh is a high altitude cold desert in India with harsh winter conditions where people engage in farming during summer and festivals to pass winter months.
The Sahara desert is the largest hot desert in the world, covering around 8.5 million square kilometers across 11 countries in North Africa. It has an extremely hot and dry climate with some of the highest recorded temperatures on Earth. While the Sahara was once a fertile region, over thousands of years natural forces and human activities have converted it into a largely barren wasteland of sand that is unsuitable for most plant growth except for some hardy species like cacti and acacia. A few oases located among the desert support settled populations that farm dates and engage in herding and trade.
The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world and experiences an extremely harsh climate with little to no rainfall. Wildlife has adapted to the hyperarid conditions through features like sparse vegetation and populations concentrated near oases. Around 2 million people live in the Sahara, some permanently near water sources and some nomadically. The Sahara contains wonders like expansive dune fields, rivers, and ruins of ancient cultures, and is expected to transform from a desert back to a green landscape in approximately 15,000 years.
The Sahara desert is located in northern Africa, covering around 3.3 million square miles or 25% of the continent. It is inhabited by nomadic tribes like the Taureg who trade goods like gold, ivory and salt. Life is difficult in the desert - food consists mainly of camel milk, dates and porridge. Oases are important as they provide water to communities. The climate is very hot with little rainfall, though seasonal rivers and sand dunes cover much of the landscape. A variety of wildlife has adapted to the harsh conditions.
The document summarizes key aspects of the desert biome and human adaptations for survival. It notes that deserts have little rain, high temperatures, and wind. The human body tries to regulate its temperature through sweating, which can cause significant water loss. To survive, humans must replace lost water or risk dehydration and death. The body also conserves water through hormones and limiting urine production. Key body systems like the nervous, excretory, and muscular systems are impacted by the extreme heat and lack of water in the desert environment. The document recommends wearing loose, breathable clothing and sunglasses for protection in desert conditions.
A desert is defined as a barren land area that receives little precipitation, making conditions inhospitable for most plant and animal life. Deserts cover about one third of the Earth's land and are generally divided into hot and cold categories. Cold deserts are found in places like northern China and the United States, while hot deserts exist between 15-30 degrees north and south of the equator, where sinking air leads to very dry conditions with few clouds. Deserts receive less than 250mm of rain per year and sometimes no rain at all, supporting only sparse vegetation like cacti and shrubs that have adapted to the arid climate.
Deserts are dry ecosystems that receive little rainfall and have high temperatures. Plants and animals in deserts have adaptations to survive the harsh conditions like storing water, having waxy coatings, burrowing, and being nocturnal. However, human activities like development, water usage, off-roading, mining, overgrazing, and dumping are negatively impacting desert ecosystems by destroying habitat and reducing populations of native species. Conservation efforts are needed to protect these fragile environments.
White Sands National Monument in New Mexico, Wadi Dhar in Yemen, and Dead Vleii in the Namib Desert are provided as examples of desert locations. Deserts are defined as areas receiving less than 250mm of annual precipitation, or less than 100mm for extreme deserts. Deserts experience large daily temperature fluctuations. Common desert landforms include hamadas (rock deserts), ergs (sand deserts), stony deserts, playas (dry lake beds), wadis (dry river beds), and bajadas (alluvial fans). Desert vegetation is xerophytic or drought-resistant, with small, twisted leaves and stomata that only open at night. Perenn
The document discusses life in deserts, focusing on the Sahara Desert. It describes the Sahara's climate as scorching hot with short rainy seasons and cloudless, clear skies. Temperatures during the day can reach 50 degrees Celsius while nights can drop to near zero. The oases in the Sahara support settled populations who grow crops like dates, rice, wheat, and beans using irrigation from underground water. Recent discovery of oil in countries within the Sahara has transformed the region, bringing office buildings, highways, and new jobs in the oil industry that are replacing nomadic lifestyles.
1) The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world, spanning 3.5 million square miles across 11 countries in Northern Africa.
2) It has a variety of climates and terrain, from tropical in the south to subtropical in the north, with mountains, oasis, and sand dunes.
3) Archaeological evidence suggests the Sahara was once more habitable, but the climate changed and it is now a harsh environment with a population of just 2.5 million people scattered in oasis areas.
The Sahara Desert ecoregion covers an area of 4.6 million square kilometers in the hyper-arid center of the Sahara Desert. It is surrounded by desert ecoregions that receive slightly higher rainfall and have more vegetation. The Sahara Desert is the world's largest subtropical hot desert, located in Northern Africa between the Red Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It features extremely high temperatures year-round and very low and irregular rainfall, making it one of the hottest and driest places on Earth. The Sahara is home to various wildlife adaptations as well as human populations that have historically relied on nomadic herding and trade routes.
The northern plain of India is formed by the interplay of three major rivers - the Ganga, Indus, and Brahmaputra. During the Tertiary period, a sea called Tethys extended north and west. Due to the movement of tectonic plates, the Indian plate underthrust the Eurasian plate, causing folding of marine sediments from compressive forces. This created the Himalayas and left the northern plain as a foredeep filled with sediments eroded from the mountains. The three dominant rivers continue depositing alluvial soil, making the plain one of the most fertile regions and important agricultural areas in India.
1. Deserts occur in areas where evaporation exceeds precipitation, covering about 30% of the Earth's surface.
2. Deserts are classified based on average annual precipitation, ranging from extremely arid with no rain for 12 months to semi-arid with 250-500 mm of rain.
3. Hot deserts near the Tropics have large daily temperature variations without cloud cover, while cold deserts have mild to warm summers and very cold winters.
The Sahara Desert has very harsh environmental conditions for life. Temperatures range from 20 to 45 degrees Celsius, and the ground can become blazing hot from the sun's direct rays. Most animal life is small, nocturnal carnivores or insects. Humans have adapted to the desert by developing dark skin to shield from the sun and tall bodies to minimize water needs. They maintain stable temperatures through sweating but must replace lost fluids to avoid dehydration, which can impact bodily systems. Loose, light clothing and head coverings help humans cope with the desert heat.
The document provides information about hot and cold deserts. It discusses the Sahara desert as a hot desert, describing its climate, flora and fauna, and people which include nomadic Bedouins and Tuaregs tribes. It also discusses the cold desert of Ladakh in India, describing its high altitude climate with little rainfall, sparse vegetation and wildlife including migratory birds, and its Buddhist and Muslim people including women who work in homes, fields and businesses. Tourism is also an important activity in Ladakh.
The physical features of India were formed by the movement of tectonic plates over millions of years. This movement resulted in mountain building from plate collisions and volcanic activity at plate boundaries. India's major physiographic divisions were shaped by this process and include the Himalayan Mountains, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Indian Desert, Coastal Plains, and Islands. These diverse physical features have influenced India's relief and provide opportunities for development.
The document summarizes the major climate zones of the world, describing their typical locations, seasons, vegetation, and precipitation. It outlines tropical zones near the equator including rainforests and savannas, mid-latitude zones with climates modulated by oceans/mountains like Mediterranean and marine west coast, and high-latitude zones including tundra, ice caps, and subarctic forests. It also covers dry climates such as deserts and steppes.
P.PT on life in the temperate region of geography .detail information of prairies and velds. climate, location, vegetation, wildlife people of prairies and velds
Here is another creative presentation by your slide maker on the topic "EQUIATORIAL REGIONS OF THE WORLD". Hope you like it. If you like it then please, *like*, *Download* and *Share*.
By- Slide_maker4u (Abhishek Sharma)
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The document describes the various climate areas within the temperate zone, including the marine climate area, continental climate area, semi-arid and arid climate areas, and subarctic climate area. It discusses key features of each area such as typical temperature and precipitation levels, dominant winds, seasonal patterns, vegetation types, landforms, and soil types. The temperate zone encompasses areas between 45 and 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres and is characterized by four distinct seasons and a variety of climate influences including proximity to oceans and prevailing wind patterns.
The Sahara desert is the world's largest hot desert, located in North Africa. It covers an area of 8.54 million square kilometers and touches 11 countries. The climate is very hot and dry, with high daytime temperatures sometimes reaching 50 degrees Celsius. Vegetation is sparse but includes cacti, date palms, and acacia trees, while animals include camels, hyenas, foxes, and various snakes and lizards. Tribal peoples such as the Bedouins and Tauregs live in the Sahara desert and rely on livestock like goats, sheep and camels for milk, meat, and materials for clothing, shelter, and tools.
Equatorial regions are very interesting regions, that are evergreen in nature, Many forests are seen in such regions like Amazon, USA, and Africa. They are the most beautiful places with the presence of flowers, trees and rainfalls.
The document discusses two major river basins - the Amazon Basin and the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin. The Amazon Basin covers parts of South America and is home to the dense Amazon rainforest, which contains a diverse array of flora and fauna. The Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin lies in the Indian subcontinent and is drained by the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries. It contains plains, Himalayan foothills, and the Sundarbans delta and experiences a monsoon climate. Major cities in the basin include Kolkata, Patna, and Varanasi.
The document summarizes survival adaptations for the human body in the desert. It describes the extreme conditions of the desert including high temperatures, low rainfall, and large daily temperature variations. It discusses how the human body maintains homeostasis through sweating to cool down and drinking water to avoid dehydration. Key adaptations include seeking shade, avoiding alcohol, and replacing lost fluids. The effects of overexposure to heat can cause nausea, dizziness and death. The excretory, integumentary and immune systems are all affected by dehydration in the desert environment. Proper clothing, sun protection and staying hydrated are essential for survival.
This presentation is about the life style of people living in the desert, what sort of activities they have and what do they do for recreation and fun.
A desert is defined as a barren land area that receives little precipitation, making conditions inhospitable for most plant and animal life. Deserts cover about one third of the Earth's land and are generally divided into hot and cold categories. Cold deserts are found in places like northern China and the United States, while hot deserts exist between 15-30 degrees north and south of the equator, where sinking air leads to very dry conditions with few clouds. Deserts receive less than 250mm of rain per year and sometimes no rain at all, supporting only sparse vegetation like cacti and shrubs that have adapted to the arid climate.
Deserts are dry ecosystems that receive little rainfall and have high temperatures. Plants and animals in deserts have adaptations to survive the harsh conditions like storing water, having waxy coatings, burrowing, and being nocturnal. However, human activities like development, water usage, off-roading, mining, overgrazing, and dumping are negatively impacting desert ecosystems by destroying habitat and reducing populations of native species. Conservation efforts are needed to protect these fragile environments.
White Sands National Monument in New Mexico, Wadi Dhar in Yemen, and Dead Vleii in the Namib Desert are provided as examples of desert locations. Deserts are defined as areas receiving less than 250mm of annual precipitation, or less than 100mm for extreme deserts. Deserts experience large daily temperature fluctuations. Common desert landforms include hamadas (rock deserts), ergs (sand deserts), stony deserts, playas (dry lake beds), wadis (dry river beds), and bajadas (alluvial fans). Desert vegetation is xerophytic or drought-resistant, with small, twisted leaves and stomata that only open at night. Perenn
The document discusses life in deserts, focusing on the Sahara Desert. It describes the Sahara's climate as scorching hot with short rainy seasons and cloudless, clear skies. Temperatures during the day can reach 50 degrees Celsius while nights can drop to near zero. The oases in the Sahara support settled populations who grow crops like dates, rice, wheat, and beans using irrigation from underground water. Recent discovery of oil in countries within the Sahara has transformed the region, bringing office buildings, highways, and new jobs in the oil industry that are replacing nomadic lifestyles.
1) The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world, spanning 3.5 million square miles across 11 countries in Northern Africa.
2) It has a variety of climates and terrain, from tropical in the south to subtropical in the north, with mountains, oasis, and sand dunes.
3) Archaeological evidence suggests the Sahara was once more habitable, but the climate changed and it is now a harsh environment with a population of just 2.5 million people scattered in oasis areas.
The Sahara Desert ecoregion covers an area of 4.6 million square kilometers in the hyper-arid center of the Sahara Desert. It is surrounded by desert ecoregions that receive slightly higher rainfall and have more vegetation. The Sahara Desert is the world's largest subtropical hot desert, located in Northern Africa between the Red Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It features extremely high temperatures year-round and very low and irregular rainfall, making it one of the hottest and driest places on Earth. The Sahara is home to various wildlife adaptations as well as human populations that have historically relied on nomadic herding and trade routes.
The northern plain of India is formed by the interplay of three major rivers - the Ganga, Indus, and Brahmaputra. During the Tertiary period, a sea called Tethys extended north and west. Due to the movement of tectonic plates, the Indian plate underthrust the Eurasian plate, causing folding of marine sediments from compressive forces. This created the Himalayas and left the northern plain as a foredeep filled with sediments eroded from the mountains. The three dominant rivers continue depositing alluvial soil, making the plain one of the most fertile regions and important agricultural areas in India.
1. Deserts occur in areas where evaporation exceeds precipitation, covering about 30% of the Earth's surface.
2. Deserts are classified based on average annual precipitation, ranging from extremely arid with no rain for 12 months to semi-arid with 250-500 mm of rain.
3. Hot deserts near the Tropics have large daily temperature variations without cloud cover, while cold deserts have mild to warm summers and very cold winters.
The Sahara Desert has very harsh environmental conditions for life. Temperatures range from 20 to 45 degrees Celsius, and the ground can become blazing hot from the sun's direct rays. Most animal life is small, nocturnal carnivores or insects. Humans have adapted to the desert by developing dark skin to shield from the sun and tall bodies to minimize water needs. They maintain stable temperatures through sweating but must replace lost fluids to avoid dehydration, which can impact bodily systems. Loose, light clothing and head coverings help humans cope with the desert heat.
The document provides information about hot and cold deserts. It discusses the Sahara desert as a hot desert, describing its climate, flora and fauna, and people which include nomadic Bedouins and Tuaregs tribes. It also discusses the cold desert of Ladakh in India, describing its high altitude climate with little rainfall, sparse vegetation and wildlife including migratory birds, and its Buddhist and Muslim people including women who work in homes, fields and businesses. Tourism is also an important activity in Ladakh.
The physical features of India were formed by the movement of tectonic plates over millions of years. This movement resulted in mountain building from plate collisions and volcanic activity at plate boundaries. India's major physiographic divisions were shaped by this process and include the Himalayan Mountains, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Indian Desert, Coastal Plains, and Islands. These diverse physical features have influenced India's relief and provide opportunities for development.
The document summarizes the major climate zones of the world, describing their typical locations, seasons, vegetation, and precipitation. It outlines tropical zones near the equator including rainforests and savannas, mid-latitude zones with climates modulated by oceans/mountains like Mediterranean and marine west coast, and high-latitude zones including tundra, ice caps, and subarctic forests. It also covers dry climates such as deserts and steppes.
P.PT on life in the temperate region of geography .detail information of prairies and velds. climate, location, vegetation, wildlife people of prairies and velds
Here is another creative presentation by your slide maker on the topic "EQUIATORIAL REGIONS OF THE WORLD". Hope you like it. If you like it then please, *like*, *Download* and *Share*.
By- Slide_maker4u (Abhishek Sharma)
*******For presentation Orders, contact me on the Email addresses Written below********
Email- Sharmaabhishek576@gmail.com
or
Sharmacomputers87@gmail.com
*******THANK YOU***************
The document describes the various climate areas within the temperate zone, including the marine climate area, continental climate area, semi-arid and arid climate areas, and subarctic climate area. It discusses key features of each area such as typical temperature and precipitation levels, dominant winds, seasonal patterns, vegetation types, landforms, and soil types. The temperate zone encompasses areas between 45 and 60 degrees latitude in both hemispheres and is characterized by four distinct seasons and a variety of climate influences including proximity to oceans and prevailing wind patterns.
The Sahara desert is the world's largest hot desert, located in North Africa. It covers an area of 8.54 million square kilometers and touches 11 countries. The climate is very hot and dry, with high daytime temperatures sometimes reaching 50 degrees Celsius. Vegetation is sparse but includes cacti, date palms, and acacia trees, while animals include camels, hyenas, foxes, and various snakes and lizards. Tribal peoples such as the Bedouins and Tauregs live in the Sahara desert and rely on livestock like goats, sheep and camels for milk, meat, and materials for clothing, shelter, and tools.
Equatorial regions are very interesting regions, that are evergreen in nature, Many forests are seen in such regions like Amazon, USA, and Africa. They are the most beautiful places with the presence of flowers, trees and rainfalls.
The document discusses two major river basins - the Amazon Basin and the Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin. The Amazon Basin covers parts of South America and is home to the dense Amazon rainforest, which contains a diverse array of flora and fauna. The Ganga-Brahmaputra Basin lies in the Indian subcontinent and is drained by the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries. It contains plains, Himalayan foothills, and the Sundarbans delta and experiences a monsoon climate. Major cities in the basin include Kolkata, Patna, and Varanasi.
The document summarizes survival adaptations for the human body in the desert. It describes the extreme conditions of the desert including high temperatures, low rainfall, and large daily temperature variations. It discusses how the human body maintains homeostasis through sweating to cool down and drinking water to avoid dehydration. Key adaptations include seeking shade, avoiding alcohol, and replacing lost fluids. The effects of overexposure to heat can cause nausea, dizziness and death. The excretory, integumentary and immune systems are all affected by dehydration in the desert environment. Proper clothing, sun protection and staying hydrated are essential for survival.
This presentation is about the life style of people living in the desert, what sort of activities they have and what do they do for recreation and fun.
The Thar Desert spans parts of India and Pakistan, covering an area of over 2,000,000 square kilometers. It is the world's 9th largest subtropical desert. The desert experiences low and irregular rainfall between 100-500 mm annually, and is prone to wind erosion. Several measures have been taken to control desertification, such as erecting barriers to stabilize sand dunes and bringing fresh water to the region via the Indira Gandhi Canal. Despite harsh conditions, the Thar Desert supports a diverse array of plant and animal species and is home to over 23 million people, making it the most densely populated desert in the world. The dominant occupation in the region involves agriculture and animal husbandry.
The document discusses natural vegetation and wildlife in India. It begins by noting India's high level of biodiversity, with millions of plant and animal species. It then defines key terms like virgin vegetation and mega-biodiversity, noting that India is one of 12 mega-diverse countries. The document outlines the major factors influencing vegetation - relief, climate, and soil conditions. It describes the different vegetation zones in India like tropical rainforests, deciduous forests, and mangrove forests. Statistics are provided on forest cover and density in India. The document concludes by noting India's rich wildlife, though many species are endangered due to threats like habitat loss.
This document summarizes a lesson introducing students to the book "Life in the Desert" through a PowerPoint presentation. The presentation incorporated visual explanations of desert concepts and terms to engage visual and kinesthetic learners. Students were able to access the presentation during independent reading to review concepts. The teacher felt technology enhanced the lesson by allowing novel ideas to be explained visually, and students were engaged and remembered what was discussed from the presentation.
This power point presentation discusses the architecture of ancient and medieval India. It covers different architectural styles including Nagara and Dravida styles seen in northern and southern Indian temples. It also discusses the architectural influences and developments under the Sultanate and Mughal periods, as well as regional styles in different parts of India. Key architectural features and examples like the Khajuraho temples, Kailashnath temple, and buildings by Shah Jahan such as the Taj Mahal and Red Fort are summarized.
- The document discusses several traditional Indian sweets and desserts including Gulab Jamun, Jalebi, Barfi, Laddu, Kheer, Rasgulla, Sandesh, and others. It provides descriptions of the ingredients and preparation methods for each sweet.
- Many of the sweets have origins in Persian or Mughlai cuisine and became popularized in India, including Barfi which originated in Persia.
- The sweets are commonly served on festive or religious occasions in South Asia and an integral part of cultural traditions and celebrations in the region.
The document discusses different types of deserts around the world. It defines a desert as a region receiving less than 25cm of rain annually and notes that deserts cover about one-fifth to one-third of the Earth's surface. The main types of deserts discussed are trade wind deserts like the Sahara, midlatitude deserts like the Sonoran, rain shadow deserts like the Turpan Depression, coastal deserts like the Atacama, monsoon deserts like the Thar, and polar deserts like the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The Sahara Desert is highlighted as the largest hot desert, occupying 10% of Africa with average temperatures over 30°C.
Renuka was excited because her uncle Shrikant, a wildlife photographer, had returned home after being away for nearly four months. Renuka developed an early interest in wildlife and forests from books her uncle introduced her to, which featured pictures of distant lands and people. These pictures fascinated Renuka and she enjoyed learning about different cultures from around the world.
The document discusses plate tectonics and how the movement of tectonic plates causes changes on Earth's surface. The plates move due to convection currents in the mantle, causing earthquakes at plate boundaries when plates shift. Earth movements are divided into endogenic forces within Earth like earthquakes and volcanoes, and exogenic surface forces like erosion. Earthquakes originate at a focus and send seismic waves outward from the epicenter. They are measured on the Richter scale. The document also summarizes a case study of a 2001 earthquake in Bhuj, India that caused widespread damage.
Deserts are commonly found between 10 and 30 degrees north and south of the equator due to factors that limit rainfall. There are four main reasons for this - trade winds, convectional rainfall patterns near the equator, high rates of evaporation, and intense solar radiation in these subtropical regions. The four types of deserts are trade wind deserts, rain-shadow deserts, coastal deserts, and monsoon deserts.
The document discusses how population can be viewed as a resource or asset rather than a liability when proper investments are made in education, healthcare, and skills training to develop the human capital of a country. It notes that investing in human capital formation through these means yields returns in the form of higher productivity and incomes, as well as indirect benefits to society. A large population can be turned from a liability into a productive asset through strategic human capital investments.
This document discusses people as a resource and the importance of investing in human capital through education and healthcare. It states that while India has traditionally viewed its large population as a liability, population can be turned into a productive asset through human capital formation. Countries like Japan that lacked natural resources became rich by investing heavily in education and health, which increased the efficiency and productivity of their human resources. The document also outlines key economic sectors and activities, differences in women's education and earnings compared to men, and improvements in India's literacy rates and health indicators over time but with ongoing disparities across states and gender.
This document discusses human resource distribution and population trends around the world. It notes that 90% of the world's population lives in just 10% of the land area, with certain regions like South and Southeast Asia, Europe and Northeastern North America being more densely populated. Population density is highest in South Central Asia at an average of 45 people per square km globally. Factors that influence population distribution include geography, climate, resources, as well as social and economic conditions. The document also examines population change through birth and death rates and provides population pyramid examples for India and China.
The document discusses human resources as the ultimate resource for a nation. It provides information on population distribution patterns around the world, noting that over 90% of the world's population lives in just 10% of the land area. It also discusses factors that influence population density like geography, climate, resources and economic opportunities. Population pyramids are presented as a way to understand the composition of a population in terms of age and sex. Countries with high birth and death rates have broad bases that taper at the top, while countries with low birth rates have narrow bases.
Temperate grasslands have sparse trees and extensive grasses and herbs. They experience hot summers and cold winters with average annual precipitation of 20-35 inches. Common biotic factors include various grasses, flowers, rabbits, deer, snakes, birds, and insects. Abiotic factors include rolling hills and valleys at elevations usually between 2,000-10,000 feet with fertile soil and average wind speeds of 15-20 mph. Wildfires play an important role in maintaining biodiversity by preventing tree overgrowth and stimulating new plant growth.
The document summarizes key concepts about landforms and geological processes. It describes how earthquakes are caused by movement of tectonic plates, and defines focus and epicenter. It explains weathering and erosion in forming landscapes. It also outlines various landforms created by rivers like meanders, ox-bow lakes, floodplains, levees and deltas. Additionally, it summarizes coastal landforms such as sea caves, sea arches, stacks, sea cliffs, beaches and features caused by glaciers, wind and desert processes like sand dunes and loess deposits.
The document discusses different types of media and how technology has changed media over time. It explains that mass media like television, newspapers, and radio use technologies like satellites, cables, and printing presses that allow them to reach millions of people. However, these technologies are expensive to maintain. As a result, mass media earns money through advertising to cover costs. The document also discusses how local communities have started their own grassroots media like community radio and newspapers to cover issues important to ordinary people that may be ignored by larger media organizations.
Temperate grasslands exist on every continent except Antarctica and contain a variety of grasses, flowers, and herbs. These grasslands experience hot summers and cold winters. Common plant species include grey-headed coneflower and wild bergamot while animal species include coyotes, bald eagles, prairie dogs, bumble bees, and quails. The climate features temperatures below 18°C in winter and above 32°C in summer with low rainfall, making trees unable to grow. Humans have impacted grasslands through farming and overhunting.
This document lists the local, English, and scientific names as well as family names of 20 plant species found in the region. It provides basic botanical information for each plant, including the local name used in the area, the English name, the scientific name which uses Latin nomenclature, and the plant family. Some of the plants listed include Neem, Mesquite, Acacia senegal, Caper, Apple of Sodom, Gum arabica, Calligonum polygonoides, Milk Hedge, Prosopis cineraria, Castor, Jujube, Desert teak, Mustard tree, Mukul myrrh tree, Snow Bush, Broom Brush,
A desert is defined as a barren area that receives little precipitation, making living conditions difficult for organisms. About one-third of the Earth's land is arid or semi-arid, including polar regions called "cold deserts". Deserts can be classified by factors like precipitation, temperature, causes of desertification, and location. Plants and animals in deserts have adaptations like small leaves, spines, staying underground or dormant to survive the harsh environment. The Atacama Desert in Chile is one of the driest places on Earth, with some weather stations never receiving rain.
The document discusses different types of deserts around the world. It provides details on 6 major deserts: the Sahara desert which is the largest hot desert and located in Africa; the Antarctic desert which is the largest overall and located in Antarctica; the Chihuahua desert which is the third largest in North America; the Thar desert which is located primarily in India; the Arabian desert which stretches across Yemen, Persian Gulf, Oman, Jordan and Iraq; and the Mojave desert located across parts of Nevada, Arizona, Utah and California. Each desert is described in 1-2 sentences highlighting their location and key features. The document also discusses plants and animals commonly found in desert environments.
The document summarizes two different deserts - the Sahara desert and the Ladakh cold desert. The Sahara desert is the largest hot desert in the world, covering parts of 11 countries in Africa with sparse vegetation and extreme temperatures. The Ladakh desert is a high altitude cold desert surrounded by mountain ranges with very low precipitation, sparse plants, and freezing temperatures that can drop below -40 degrees Celsius. Both deserts are home to nomadic tribes that herd livestock and have developed adaptations to survive in the harsh desert environments.
The normal summer temperature is 38° Celsius and the normal winter temperature is -2° Celsius. Deserts receive very little rainfall and most water evaporates quickly. The Sahara desert is the largest and hottest desert in the world. Deserts have a variety of plants like cacti, yuccas and trees that have adapted to the dry conditions. Animals living in deserts include horned lizards, kangaroo rats, roadrunners and meerkats that have developed ways to survive the heat and lack of water.
The Sahara Desert covers most of North Africa spanning from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. It receives less than 3 inches of annual rainfall and temperatures can exceed 50°C. Plants and animals in the Sahara have adaptations like long roots, fat storage, and tolerance to dehydration to survive the harsh environment. Some key features include sand dunes, stony plains, and oasis depressions.
Desert tourism resources of india sadique alialisdq550
The document summarizes desert tourism in India. It discusses the different types of deserts in India, including the Thar Desert in Rajasthan and Gujarat, the Jodhpur Desert, and the Kutch Desert. It outlines some of the key attractions and activities in major desert destinations like Jaisalmer. These include visiting cultural sites like Jaisalmer Fort, enjoying camel safaris and sand dune camping. The document also notes that deserts support unique biodiversity and that festivals celebrate the culture and traditions of desert communities. In conclusion, it states that desert tourism is an emerging concept in India and popular festivals attract domestic and foreign tourists to experience activities like camel riding and camping
The document discusses desert environments and the plants and animals found within them. It describes deserts as harsh environments with extreme heat and dryness, yet flash floods and cold nights. It then provides details on the different types of hot and cold deserts found around the world, including their locations, physical features, and example plants and animals. For both hot and cold deserts, it explains the adaptations that allow plants and animals to survive in these difficult conditions with little water.
back exercise desert and mediterranean region (1).pptxPrabhatVerma76
The document summarizes the climates, vegetation, wildlife, and people found in hot deserts and frigid zones. It discusses how plants and animals in deserts have adapted to the extreme heat and lack of water, such as cacti that store water and nocturnal animals that are active at night to avoid the heat. It also describes the nomadic tribes that live in deserts and rely on herding animals like camels. The document further explains that Mediterranean climates occur between 30 and 45 degrees latitude, featuring long, dry summers, and vegetation like scrubs and small trees that have adapted to the climate.
The Sahara Desert has a scorching hot climate with short rainy seasons. Vegetation includes cacti, date palms, and acacia trees. Animals include hyenas, jackals, and foxes. Nomadic tribes like the Bedouins and Tuaregs live in the desert, herding animals and wearing heavy robes to protect from dust storms and hot winds.
The Ladakh Desert in India has a cold, dry climate with scanty snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below -40°C. The landscape includes high plains and deep valleys. Vegetation is sparse, with some grasses, shrubs, willows, and fruit trees. Wildlife includes birds like robins and
Deserts experience extreme temperature contrasts between day and night due to clear skies that allow the sun to heat the ground during the day and radiate heat at night, with annual rainfall of less than 10 inches defining a desert. Deserts are home to hardy plants like cacti that can store water and animals like camels that can go long periods without water and keep cool by foaming at their mouths.
The document provides information about teaching a lesson on the tropical desert of Sahara, including its climate and natural vegetation. It outlines the learning outcomes, skills developed, and materials needed. It then details a slideshow lesson that describes the location and features of the Sahara Desert, such as different landforms, plants, and climate. It emphasizes that the Sahara's climate is very hot and dry, and its vegetation has adapted to conserve water.
Habitats | Science presentation for Grade 7th by M.Hassaan AnjumHassaan Anjum
This document defines what a habitat is and describes different types of habitats including grasslands, polar, desert, mountain, temperate forest, freshwater, ocean, and rainforest habitats. It provides details about the characteristics of each habitat type and examples of animals that live in each one. The document also discusses habitat destruction as a threat and the importance of habitat conservation.
Deserts are typically defined as dry areas that receive less than 25cm of rainfall per year. They are formed by mountains blocking precipitation. Deserts can be hot or cold, but are always dry. Common desert plants and animals have adapted to survive in the harsh, arid conditions by developing mechanisms for conserving water such as deep roots or remaining inactive during the heat of the day. Some of the largest deserts on Earth include the Sahara, Arabian, Gobi, and Great Victoria deserts.
The Thar Desert is located in northwestern India and southeastern Pakistan. It is one of the largest deserts in the world, covering an area of over 200,000 square kilometers. Though very dry, the Thar Desert has a surprisingly rich biodiversity and supports agriculture and animal husbandry. The people of the Thar have developed unique cultural traditions to adapt to the harsh desert environment.
Deserts are harsh environments with extreme temperatures, dryness, and lack of water. There are two main types of deserts - hot subtropical deserts like the Sahara, which are covered in sand and rock, and cold polar deserts like Antarctica, which receive less than 10 inches of snow per year. Plants and animals in deserts have adaptations to survive the harsh conditions, like storing water, being nocturnal to avoid heat, and obtaining water from seeds rather than drinking. Deserts are home to many resilient species that have found ways to endure the difficult climate.
The document discusses the temperate grasslands of North America (called the Prairies) and South Africa (called the Velds). It describes the climate, vegetation, animals, and human activities found in each region. The Prairies have a continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. Tall grass dominates and the bison was an important animal. People engage in cattle ranching and farming. The Velds have a milder climate due to ocean influence and receive summer rainfall. Grasses, acacia trees and animals like lions are found there. People raise cattle and sheep, and mining is important.
The document describes the climate and vegetation in Africa. It discusses the Sahara Desert, which covers 1.8 million square miles and experiences extreme temperatures and scarce rainfall. It also mentions the Kalahari Desert, which receives sporadic rainfall and supports some vegetation and wildlife. Most of Africa is covered by tropical grasslands suitable for grasses but not trees. The main rainforests are located in the Congo Basin along the equator, and feature a dense canopy over 150 feet tall and diverse plant and animal life.
i. A biome is a geographic area characterized by specific kinds of plants and animals, with deserts being one type of biome.
ii. Deserts have hot climates with less than 25 cm of annual precipitation and daily temperature extremes.
iii. Many desert plants and animals have adapted to their environment through mechanisms like storing water and nocturnal behavior.
The Sahara desert is located in northern Africa, covers an area of 9,200,000 square kilometers making it the largest hot desert and third largest desert in the world, and experiences high temperatures and low precipitation that have resulted in a diverse but sparse distribution of plant and animal species that have adapted to the harsh desert climate.
The Sahara desert is the largest subtropical desert in the world, spanning 9.4 million square kilometers of North Africa. The Thar desert is the 9th largest subtropical desert, located in northwest India between India and Pakistan. Both deserts are very dry with sparse vegetation adapted to the arid conditions, such as acacia trees and grasses. The Sahara contains unusual landforms like the Richat Structure in Mauritania and mountain ranges including the Tibesti and Ahaggar. The Thar desert faces problems with wind erosion, overgrazing, and drought. Despite the harsh climate, both deserts support a diversity of plant and animal life that has adapted to the dry conditions.
1. The student was asked to grow an uncontaminated culture of microbes. The method provided involved sterilizing equipment, heating an inoculating loop, spreading bacteria onto agar jelly in a petri dish, and incubating the dish at 25°C.
2. The student tested the effectiveness of four antibiotic solutions by placing sterile paper discs dipped in each solution onto agar with growing bacteria. After two days of incubation, different sized regions with no bacterial growth were observed around each disc.
3. The least effective antibiotic produced the smallest region without bacteria, as the size of this region indicates how strongly the antibiotic inhibited bacterial growth. Calculations of the area of the bacterial-free zones would be inaccurate
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes difficult-to-treat infections in humans. MRSA developed from a similar strain called Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) that was treatable with antibiotics. Through natural selection, some MSSA bacteria gained mutations that made them resistant to antibiotics. Those resistant bacteria survived exposure to antibiotics and passed on the resistance genes through asexual reproduction, leading to the emergence of the MRSA strain.
The document discusses antibiotic resistance, specifically Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA infections are difficult to treat with antibiotics that previously worked. This is because MRSA developed from a strain called Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus that was susceptible to antibiotics, through natural selection whereby bacteria resistant to antibiotics survived and passed on those resistance genes. New treatments are needed to kill MRSA since existing antibiotics are no longer effective.
The document summarizes data from a hospital in the 1800s that showed higher death rates for women giving birth in Ward A compared to Ward B. After 1840, only doctors worked in Ward A while only midwives worked in Ward B, resulting in a much lower death rate in Ward B. In 1847, Semmelweis required doctors to wash their hands with chloride of lime before childbirth. This led to a significant reduction in the Ward A death rate in 1848-1849, bringing it closer to the rate in Ward B. The hand washing killed bacteria that doctors were transmitting from autopsies to women during childbirth.
The document summarizes data from the 1800s that showed death rates of women giving birth in two hospital wards: Ward A and Ward B. Before 1840, both wards had similar high death rates as doctors and midwives worked in both. After 1840, Ward A had only doctors while Ward B had only midwives, and Ward B saw significantly lower death rates. Dr. Semmelweis later required doctors to wash their hands in chloride of lime solution before deliveries in Ward A, which further reduced Ward A's death rate to match Ward B's lower level.
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. When someone with TB coughs or sneezes, the bacteria are expelled into the air and can be inhaled by others. If breathed in, the bacteria initially infect the lungs. In the lungs, the bacteria can multiply and cause lesions and inflammation. Other types of microorganisms besides bacteria, such as viruses, can also cause infectious disease. When the body is exposed to TB bacteria, it mounts an immune response to fight the infection by using white blood cells, antibodies, and other mechanisms of defense.
The document discusses diet, exercise, and metabolic rate. It defines metabolic rate as the rate of chemical reactions in the body. While genes affect metabolic rate, exercise can increase it. A balanced diet with carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provides energy, builds cells, and stores energy. An imbalanced diet can lead to malnutrition by providing too much or too little energy compared to what the body needs. The document questions an advert claiming quick weight loss from a program, as it lacks long-term data and sample size details.
The document discusses diet, exercise, and weight management. It defines metabolic rate as the rate at which the body burns calories and explains that some people have naturally low metabolic rates. It recommends exercise as a way to increase metabolic rate. Diet components like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats serve important functions, and an imbalanced diet can lead to malnutrition. The document questions the validity of an advert claiming quick weight loss from a "Dropweight" program based on reported one-day results.
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. When people with TB cough or sneeze, they expel the bacteria into the air. If others breathe these bacteria in, they can become infected. The bacteria first infect the lungs or bronchioles. In the body, the bacteria produce toxins that damage cells. The body fights the infection through white blood cells that engulf and destroy bacteria and produce antibodies and antitoxins. Vaccines work by exposing the body to an inactive form of the disease-causing microbe, allowing it to develop antibodies without risk of illness. These antibodies then provide future protection against the live microbe.
1) The document is a revision checklist for additional GCSE science covering topics in physics including forces, motion, braking, terminal velocity, elasticity, energy, momentum, static electricity, electrical circuits, household electricity, current, charge, power, atomic structure, radiation, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion.
2) It lists key terms, concepts, and formulas to define and explanations to provide for each topic.
3) The checklist provides resources for students to review physics content and ensure they understand the essential information for their GCSE exam.
This document contains a revision checklist for the GCSE Core Science P1 Physics exam. It lists several topics and subtopics that students should review in preparation for the exam, including: infrared radiation; states of matter; conduction, convection, and evaporation/condensation as methods of heat transfer; factors affecting the rate of heat transfer; solar panels; specific heat capacity; energy efficiency and Sankey diagrams; electrical appliances and calculating energy transfers; methods of generating electricity including alternative sources; the National Grid; waves including transverse/longitudinal waves, electromagnetic spectrum, reflection, refraction, and diffraction of waves; and Doppler effect and evidence for the Big Bang theory.
This document provides an overview of the content covered in additional science C2: chemistry. It outlines several key topics in chemistry including structure and bonding, atomic structure and quantitative chemistry, rates of reaction, endo/exothermic reactions, acids bases and salts, and electrolysis. For each topic, it lists the main concepts, definitions, and processes that students are expected to understand at a higher level, such as describing bonding using diagrams, calculating relative formula mass, explaining how factors affect reaction rates, writing equations for acid-base reactions, and describing electrolysis processes and products. The document serves as a revision checklist for students to ensure they have learned the essential high-level information and skills for the additional chemistry content.
This document is a revision checklist for GCSE core science covering various topics in chemistry. It provides a list of key concepts and processes to review for each topic, including fundamental chemistry ideas like atomic structure, limestone and building materials, metals and their uses, crude oil and fuels, and changes to the Earth's atmosphere. For each item, it indicates related videos, exam questions, and whether it is core or higher content.
This document provides an outline of topics covered in Additional Science B2: Biology. It includes sections on cells and transport, tissues and organ systems, photosynthesis, organisms and their environment, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, cell division and inheritance, speciation, and includes learning objectives for each section such as describing processes like diffusion, the roles of organs in the digestive system, the process of photosynthesis, and more. It also provides exam questions, activities, and checkpoints to evaluate understanding of the material.
This document provides an overview of topics covered in a biology course, including:
- The components of a balanced diet and how exercise affects health.
- How pathogens make us ill and how the body protects against them.
- The development and testing of medical drugs, and issues around drug dependence.
- Genetic variation, inheritance, and different types of reproduction.
- Evolution by natural selection and genetic variation over generations.
- Ecological concepts like food chains, nutrient cycling, and indicator species.
X-rays have a short wavelength and can cause ionization. They are used in medicine for diagnosis and treatment, but precautions must be taken when operating X-ray machines. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves above the human hearing range. The waves reflect off boundaries and the time of reflections can be used to determine distances between interfaces in different media. Lenses refract light to form images. A convex lens brings parallel rays to a focus at its principal focus, defined by the focal length. The nature of images depends on size, orientation, and whether real or virtual.
The document summarizes key concepts in chemistry including the periodic table, properties of groups in the periodic table, hard and soft water, chemical reactions, and organic compounds. It describes how elements are arranged in the modern periodic table by electronic structure and properties of groups such as metals, nonmetals, and halogens. It also discusses chemical tests and reactions including flame tests, precipitation reactions, acid-base titrations, and the production of ammonia via the Haber process.
This document provides information on various biology topics including:
- Diffusion and osmosis, the movement of substances through membranes. Active transport requires energy.
- Exchange surfaces are effective with large surface area, thinness, good blood supply and ventilation like in alveoli and villi.
- During breathing, the ribcage and diaphragm work to decrease thoracic pressure and draw air into the lungs. Artificial aids can help breathing.
- In plants, carbon dioxide enters leaves and water and minerals are absorbed by roots, transported by xylem and phloem.
- The heart has four chambers and pumps blood through two circulation systems. Blood flows through arteries, veins
The document discusses key economic concepts related to government objectives and the functioning of the economy. It covers topics such as different types of economies, market failures including externalities and public goods, the economic cycle, fiscal and monetary policies, and the role of the EU. The key points are that candidates should understand the principal objectives of governments in terms of economic growth, employment, prices and trade balances. They should also be aware of how markets can fail to allocate resources efficiently and the roles of government and central banks in addressing these issues.
The document outlines a specification for teaching personal finance concepts. It covers understanding the personal lifecycle and how needs and wants change throughout different stages of life. Students will learn to make financial decisions by weighing costs and benefits and considering opportunity costs. They will also explore concepts related to spending, saving, borrowing money, and managing personal finances. The specification also addresses topics related to work, including rewards, labor markets, unemployment, and the impact of globalization. Finally, it covers understanding international trade, exchange rates, and the influence of consumers on national and global economies.
1. 10 Life in the Deserts
In Chapter 5, you have seen that water means life to
plants, animals and people. It is difficult for anyone to
live in places where there is no water to drink, where Glossary
there is no grass for their cattle to feed on and where
there is no water to help the crops to grow. Desert: It is an arid
We will now learn about the places in the world where region characteriesed
by extremely high or
people have learned to cope with extreme harsh
low temperatures and
temperatures; in some places as hot as fire and some as
has scarce vegetation.
cold as ice. These are the desert areas of the world. These
are characterised by low rainfall, scanty vegetation and
extreme temperatures. Depending on the temperatures
there can be hot deserts or cold deserts. The people
inhabit these lands wherever little water is available to
practise agriculture.
THE HOT DESERT – SAHARA
Look at the map of the world and the
continent of Africa. Locate the Sahara
desert covering a large part of North
Africa. It is the world’s largest desert. It
has an area of around 8.54 million
sq. km. Do you recall that India has an
area of 3.2 million sq. km? The Sahara
desert touches eleven countries. These
are Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali,
Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan,
Tunisia and Western Sahara.
Fig. 10.1: The Sahara Desert
When you think of a desert the picture
that immediately comes to your mind is that of sand. But
besides the vast stretches of sands, that Sahara desert is
covered with, there are also gravel plains and elevated
plateaus with bare rocky surface. These rocky surfaces
may be more than 2500m high at some places.
2. Do you know?
o
cc
You will be surprised Mo
ro
to know that present
day Sahara once used
to be a lush green
plain. Cave paintings
in Sahara desert
show that there used
to be rivers with
crocodiles. Elephants,
lions, giraffes,
ostriches, sheep,
cattle and goats were
common animals. But
the climate has
changed it to a very
hot and dry region.
Fig. 10.2: Sahara in Africa
Climate
Do you know? The climate of the Sahara desert is scorching hot and
parch dry. It has a short rainy season. The sky is
Al Azizia in Sahara cloudless and clear. Here, the moisture evaporates
desert, south of Tripoli, faster than it accumulates. Days are unbelievably hot.
Libya recorded the The temperatures during the day may soar as high as
highest temperature of 50°C, heating up the sand and the bare rocks, which
57.7°C in 1922. in turn radiates heat making everything around hot.
The nights may be freezing cold with temperatures
nearing zero degrees.
Flora and Fauna
Vegetation in the Sahara desert includes cactus, date
palms and acacia. In some places there are oasis – green
islands with date palms surrounding them. Camels,
hyenas, jackals, foxes, scorpions, many varieties of
72 OUR ENVIRONMENT
3. snakes and lizards are the prominent animal species
living there.
Do you know?
Scientists have
actually found
skeletons of fish in
this desert. What
could have happened?
Fig. 10.3: Oasis in the Sahara Desert
People
The Sahara desert despite its harsh climate has been
inhabited by various groups of people, who pursue
different activities. Among them are the Bedouins and
Tuaregs. These groups are nomadic tribes rearing
livestock such as goats, sheep, camels and horses.
These animals provide them with milk, hides from
which they make leather for belts, slippers, water
bottles; hair is used for mats, carpets, clothes and
blankets. They wear heavy robes as protection against Do you know?
dust storms and hot winds.
The oasis in the Sahara and the Nile Valley in Egypt Depressions are formed
supports settled population. Since water is available, the when the wind blows
people grow date palms. Crops such as rice, wheat, barley away the sands. In the
depressions where
and beans are also grown. Egyptian cotton, famous
underground water
worldwide is grown in Egypt.
reaches the surface,
The discovery of oil – a product in great demand an oasis is formed.
throughout the world, in Algeria, Libya and Egypt is These areas are fertile.
constantly transforming the Sahara desert. Other People may settle
minerals of importance that are found in the area include around these water
iron, phosphorus, manganese and uranium. bodies and grow date
The cultural landscape of the Sahara is undergoing palms and other
change. Gleaming glass cased office buildings tower over crops. Sometimes the
oasis may be
mosques and superhighways crisscross the ancient camel
abnormally large.
paths. Trucks are replacing camels in the salt trade. Tafilalet Oasis in
Tuaregs are seen acting as guides to foreign tourists. Morocco is a large
More and more nomadic herdsmen are taking to city life oasis with an area of
finding jobs in oil and gas operations. about 13,000 sq.km.
LIFE IN THE DESERTS 73
4. Word Origin THE C OLD DESERT - L ADAKH
Ladakh is a cold desert lying in the Great Himalayas,
Ladakh is made up of on the eastern side of Jammu and Kashmir (Fig. 10.4).
two words – La
The Karakoram Range in the north and the Zanskar
meaning mountain
mountains in the south enclose it. Several rivers flow
pass and Dak
meaning country through Ladakh, Indus being the most important
among them. The rivers form deep valleys and gorges.
Several glaciers are found in Ladakh, for example the
Gangri glacier.
The altitude in Ladakh varies from about 3000m
Do you know? in Kargil to more than 8,000m in the Karakoram.
Due to its high altitude, the climate is extremely cold
Drass, one of the
and dry. The air at this altitude is so thin that the
coldest inhabited
places on earth is heat of the sun can be felt intensely. The day
located in Ladakh. temperatures in summer are just above zero degree
and the night temperatures well below 30°C. It is
freezing cold in the winters when the temperatures
may remain below 40°C for most of the time. As it lies
Fig. 10.4: Ladakh
74 OUR ENVIRONMENT
5. in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, there is little Do you know?
rainfall, as low as 10 cm every year. The area
experiences freezing winds and burning hot sunlight. Ladakh is also known
You will be surprised to know that if you sit in the as Khapa-chan which
sun will your feet in the shade, you may suffer from means snow land.
both sunstroke and frost bite at the same time.
Flora and Fauna
Due to high aridity, the vegetation is sparse. There are
scanty patches of grasses and shrubs for animals to Do you know?
graze. Groves of willows and poplars are seen in the
valleys. During the summers, fruit trees such as apples, The Chiru or the
apricots and walnuts bloom. Several species of birds are Tibetan antelope is an
endangered species. It
sighted in Ladakh. Robins, redstarts, Tibetan snowcock,
is hunted for its wool
raven and hoopoe are common. Some of these are known as shahtoosh,
migratory birds. The animals of Ladakh are wild goats, which is light in
wild sheep, yak and special kinds of dogs. The animals weight and extremely
are reared to provide for the milk, meat and hides. Yak’s warm.
milk is used to make cheese and butter. The hair of the
sheep and goat is used to make woollens.
People
Do you find any resemblance between the people of Do you know?
Ladakh and the inhabitants of Tibet and Central Asia?
The people here are either Muslims or Buddhists. In The finest cricket bats
fact several Buddhists monasteries dot the Ladakhi are made from the
landscape with their traditional ‘gompas’. Some wood of the willow
famous monasteries are Hemis, Thiksey, Shey and trees.
Lamayuru (Fig. 10.5).
In the summer season the people are busy cultivating
barley, potatoes, peas, beans and turnip. The climate in
winter months is so harsh that
people keep themselves engaged in
festivities and ceremonies. The
women are very hard working. They
work not only in the house and
fields, but also manage small
business and shops. Leh, the capital
of Ladakh is well connected both by
road and air. The National Highway
1A connects Leh to Kashmir
Valley through the Zoji la Pass. Can
you name some more passes in
the Himalayas? Fig. 10.5 Thiksey Monastery
LIFE IN THE DESERTS 75
6. Do you know? Tourism is a major
activity with several
Manali - Leh highway tourists streaming in from
crosses four passes, within India and abroad.
Rohtang la, Visits to the gompas,
Baralacha la treks to see the meadows
Lungalacha la and
and glaciers, witnessing
Tanglang la. The
ceremonies and festivities
highway opens only
between July and are important activities.
September when snow Life of people is
is cleared from the road. undergoing change due Fig. 10.6. Ladakhi Women in
to modernisation. But Traditional Dress
the people of Ladakh
have over the centuries learned to live in balance and
harmony with nature. Due to scarcity of resources like
water and fuel, they are used with reverence and care.
Nothing is discarded or wasted.
Baralacha la
Exercises
1. Answer the following questions.
(a) What are the two types of deserts found in the world?
(b) In which continent is the Sahara desert located?
(c) What are the climatic conditions of the Ladakh desert?
(d) What mainly attracts tourists to Ladakh?
(e) What type of clothes the people of the Sahara desert wear?
(f) Name the trees that grow in Ladakh.
2. Tick the correct answer.
(i) Sahara is located in which part of Africa
(a) eastern (b) northern (c) western
(ii) Sahara is what type of desert
(a) cold (b) hot (c) mild
(iii) The Ladakh desert is mainly inhabited by
(a) Christians and Muslims
(b) Buddhists and Muslims
(c) Christians and Buddhists
(iv) Deserts are characterised by
(a) scanty vegetation
(b) heavy precipitation
(c) low evaporation
76 OUR ENVIRONMENT
7. (v) Hemis in the Ladakh is a famous
(a) temple (b) church (c) monastery
(vi) Egypt is famous for growing
(a) wheat (b) maize (c) cotton
3. Match the following.
(i) Oasis (a) Libya
(ii) Bedouins (b) monastery
(iii) Oil (c) glacier
(iv) Gangri (d) depressions with water
(v) Lamayuru (d) Sahara
4. Give reasons.
(i) There is scanty vegetation in the deserts.
(ii) People of the Sahara desert wear heavy robes.
5. Map skills.
(i) On the outline map of Africa, mark the Sahara desert.
(ii) On the outline map of India, mark the Karakoram Range, Zanskar Range,
Ladakh and Zoji La pass.
6. For fun.
Desert Game
This is a class room activity involving all the students. The teacher will create a
list of desert creatures. The number of the creatures should be same as the number
of students in the class. The creatures can be picked up from the categories of
mammals, birds and reptiles. Mammals can include – camel, yak, fox, sheep, goat,
antelope…
Birds – raven, eagle, vulture, turkey…
Reptiles – snakes …
Assign one desert creature to each student. Ask the student to write three
characteristics of the creature on plain sheet of paper. (students can use index
cards of size 10 cm × 15 cm). Questions such as - in what type of deserts it is
found? Major adaptation? Use to man?
These characteristics will be used as clues in the guessing game. On the board
make three columns – mammals, birs and reptiles. Paste a sheet of paper in the
column under the particular category. The class can be divided in three to four
groups. They will compete against each other in the ‘desert game’. Each group now
takes turn in guessing the correct answer. Explain to the class that they have to
guess what animal matches the characteristics listed on the paper.
For example:
• Animal of hot desert
• Has double set of eyelashes to keep away the sand
• The hide is used for making water bottles
The correct answer is ‘camel’. Within the group there will be a student who has
prepared the card. That student should not answer. Ten points are awarded for
the correct answer.
This game will enable students to understand the desert. You can play the
same game by taking different types of fruits, flora and the clothes the people wear.
LIFE IN THE DESERTS 77
8. APPENDIX
Some Internet Sources for More Information
http://school.discovery.com/
http://nationalgeographic.com/
http://www.incredibleindia.org/
http://www.wikipedia.org/
http://www.greenpeace.org/
http://www.britannica.com/
http;//www.animalplanet.co.uk/