agricultural stage of odisha, India

1. AGRICULTURE
IN ODISHA

2. LOCATION OF ODISHA
 The State of Odisha is located on the
eastern coast of India at 17° 49' North -
22°0 34' North Latitude & 81° 29' East-87°
29' East Longitude.
 It is located on the eastern coast of India.
 It is bordered by Madhya Pradesh in the
west, Andhra Pradesh in the south, West
Bengal in north-east, Bay of Bengal in the
east and Bihar in the north
 The state extends to an area of 1,55,707
Sq. Km.

4. CLIMATE IN ODISHA
 There are three major seasons –
 Summer (March-June)
 Rainy Season (July-September)
 the Winter (October-February)
 Odisha has a tropical climate
 It is warm almost throughout the year with
maximum temperature between 40-46° C
and in winter, it is intolerably cool, of 3-4 °C.
 The average rainfall is 150 cm, as the result of
south- west monsoon during July-September.
 The month of July is the wettest and the major
rivers may get flooded.
 The state also gains small rainfall from the
retreating monsoon in the months of October-
November.

5. GEOGRAPHY AND LAND USE
The state is broadly divided into 4 Physiographic Zones-
Coastal Plains,
Central Table Land ,
Northern Plateau
Eastern Ghats .
The state has different soil types-
fertile alluvial deltaic soils in the coastal plains
mixed red and black soils in the Central Table Land,
red and yellow soils with low fertility in the Northern Plateau
 red, black & brown forest soil in Eastern ghat region.
About 4 lakh hectares are exposed to saline inundation, 3.54
lakh hectares to flooding and 0.75 hectares to water logging

6.  The zones are further sub-divided into 10
Agroclimatic Zones
 North Western Plateau,
 North Central Plateau,
 North Eastern Coastal Plain,
 East and South Eastern Coastal Plain,
 North Eastern Ghat,
 Eastern Ghat High Land ,
 South Eastern Ghat,
 Western Undulating Zone,
 Western Central Table Land
 Mid Central Table Land.

8. AGRICULTURE AND CROPS GROWN
 Agriculture provides 26% of the net state
domestic product.
 The Indian cropping season is classified into
two main seasons
 kharif cropping season: from July –October
during the south-west monsoon
 Rabi cropping season is from October-March
(winter)
 Kharif is the main cropping season and rice is
the principal crop during kharif season
 It grows almost one tenth of the total rice
production of the country

9.  The kharif crops include rice, maize,
sorghum, pearl millet/bajra, finger
millet/ragi (cereals), arhar (pulses),
soyabean, groundnut (oilseeds), cotton
etc.
 The rabi crops include wheat, barley, oats
(cereals), chickpea/gram (pulses),
linseed, mustard (oilseeds) etc.

12.  The principal problem is the shortage of water
in many areas
 Lack of irrigation facilities in this drought prone
areas create great
 Flood and low per Hectare production are
other agricultural problems
 The Agricultural Department of the Orissa
Government and its three wings
 Directorate of Horticulture
 Directorate of Agriculture
 Directorate of Soil Conservation
and Watershed Mission is working hard to find
solutions of these hindrances.

13. IRRIGATION
1. Net irrigation potential 2603.06 thou.ha (44.12% of
total irrigable area)
2. Ground water resources 2101128 hectare.mtr
3. Utilized 14.79%
4. Major/ medium flow
irrigation 122071thou.ha
5. Lift irrigation (minor) 347.39thou. ha
6. Flow irrigation (Minor) 454.49 thou.ha
7. Others 570.47 thou.ha

14. IRRIGATION Area
1. Canals 7,65,086 hectares
2. Tanks 81,413 hectares
3. Tube wells 63,084 hectares
4. Other means 1,60,142 hectares

15. SOME IRRIGATION FACILITIES
Dams:
Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi
River
Jalaput Dam is a hydroelectric dam built
on the Machkund River, a tributary of the
Godavari River
Mandira dam is built across Sankh river.
The water from the dam is used for Rourkela
Steel Plant
Rengali dam is constructed across
Brahmani River in Rengali village

16. Canals:
 Hirakud Project Canals-4,801.2 meter long
has been constructed across Mahanadi.
Mahanadi Delta Canals-Canals of the
Mahanadi Delta Scheme.
Others.-Other important canals of the
state include Kendrapara canal from
Virupa river, the Talkanda canal, and the
Salandi canal