This is an illustrated account for Unit 1 of Coure Course III Mycology and Phytopathology of Bsc Hons Program - Introduction to True fungi including characters, affinities, thallus, cell wall, nutrition and classification
About 20,000 species.
Eukaryotic cell and contain all the membrane bound organelles.
Thallus is green due to the presence of green pigment chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is contained in chloroplast.
Pyrenoids embedded in chloroplast.
Cytoplasm contains vacuoles.
Motile cell of primitive forms contains eye spot or stigma.
Reserve carbohydrates are in the form of starch.
Cell wall invariably contains cellulose.
Produce motile reproductive bodies generally with two or four flagella.
Most are aquatic but some are subarial.
Several species of ulvales and siphonales are marine.
Some strains of chlorella are thermophilic.
Species of chlamydomonas and some chlorococcales occur in snow.
Coloechaete nitellarum is endophytic.
Cephaleuros is parasitic – cause ‘red rust of tea’.
Live epizoically on or endozoically within the bodies of lower animals – chlorella is found in hydra; chlorella beneath the scales of fish; characium on the antennae of mosquito.
Green algae in assosciation with the fungi constitute lichens.
Lichens are symbiotic association between algae and fungi. The branch of science which deals with the study of lichens is called lichenology. The fungal component of lichen is called mycobiont and algal component is phycobiont. The algae helps in preparation of food materials, whereas the fungi provides protection and shelter to the lichen. The lichens are classified into several types based on the nature of the fungal partner as well as on the basis of thallus morphology. They are also called pollution indicators as they are never seen in polluted areas. Lichen possess both beneficial as well as harmful properties. All these are discussed in the presentation. Hope you all enjoy and don't forget to comment the slides. Enjoy!!!
This is an illustrated account for Unit 1 of Coure Course III Mycology and Phytopathology of Bsc Hons Program - Introduction to True fungi including characters, affinities, thallus, cell wall, nutrition and classification
About 20,000 species.
Eukaryotic cell and contain all the membrane bound organelles.
Thallus is green due to the presence of green pigment chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is contained in chloroplast.
Pyrenoids embedded in chloroplast.
Cytoplasm contains vacuoles.
Motile cell of primitive forms contains eye spot or stigma.
Reserve carbohydrates are in the form of starch.
Cell wall invariably contains cellulose.
Produce motile reproductive bodies generally with two or four flagella.
Most are aquatic but some are subarial.
Several species of ulvales and siphonales are marine.
Some strains of chlorella are thermophilic.
Species of chlamydomonas and some chlorococcales occur in snow.
Coloechaete nitellarum is endophytic.
Cephaleuros is parasitic – cause ‘red rust of tea’.
Live epizoically on or endozoically within the bodies of lower animals – chlorella is found in hydra; chlorella beneath the scales of fish; characium on the antennae of mosquito.
Green algae in assosciation with the fungi constitute lichens.
Lichens are symbiotic association between algae and fungi. The branch of science which deals with the study of lichens is called lichenology. The fungal component of lichen is called mycobiont and algal component is phycobiont. The algae helps in preparation of food materials, whereas the fungi provides protection and shelter to the lichen. The lichens are classified into several types based on the nature of the fungal partner as well as on the basis of thallus morphology. They are also called pollution indicators as they are never seen in polluted areas. Lichen possess both beneficial as well as harmful properties. All these are discussed in the presentation. Hope you all enjoy and don't forget to comment the slides. Enjoy!!!
The plant body in algae is always a thallus. It is not differentiated in root, stem and leaves. Algae range in size from minute unicellular plants (less than 1 µ in diameter in some planktons) to very large highly differentiated multicellular forms e.g., some sea-weeds.
Their forms may be colonial (loose or integrated by inter-connections of protoplasmic strands), filamentous (branched or un-branched), septate (branched or un-branched), non-septate or branched, multinucleate siphonaceous tube where the nuclear divisions occur without usual septa formation.
Heterothallic species have sexes that reside in different individuals. . The term is applied particularly to distinguish heterothallic fungi, which require two compatible partners to produce sexual spores, from homothallic ones, which are capable of sexual reproduction from a single organism.
Algae are chlorophyll bearing autotrophic bodies with thalloid plant body. Thallus may be unicellular to multicellular, microscopic or macroscopic in structure.
The plant body in algae is always a thallus. It is not differentiated in root, stem and leaves. Algae range in size from minute unicellular plants (less than 1 µ in diameter in some planktons) to very large highly differentiated multicellular forms e.g., some sea-weeds.
Their forms may be colonial (loose or integrated by inter-connections of protoplasmic strands), filamentous (branched or un-branched), septate (branched or un-branched), non-septate or branched, multinucleate siphonaceous tube where the nuclear divisions occur without usual septa formation.
Heterothallic species have sexes that reside in different individuals. . The term is applied particularly to distinguish heterothallic fungi, which require two compatible partners to produce sexual spores, from homothallic ones, which are capable of sexual reproduction from a single organism.
Algae are chlorophyll bearing autotrophic bodies with thalloid plant body. Thallus may be unicellular to multicellular, microscopic or macroscopic in structure.
Pteridophyta or Pteridophytes are Vascular Plants (also known as "seedless plants") that reproduce and disperse via spores. They do not produce either seeds or flowers.
Additional info:
+ Division Equisetophyta (horsetails & scouring rushes)
+ Division Psilotophyta (whisk ferns)
(This is our report in Botany 2.)
Made by: Sharmine Ballesteros (BS Biology 2A2-1)
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Unicellular aquatic Eukaryota organism that do photosynthesize. Plant-like protist. This presentation provides a generalize idea of protist focusing specifically on some characteristics of protist as well as their division.
Lichens , types of lichens based on growth and habitat, importance of lichens, fungal habits and colonization strategies, Air borne fungi and micotoxins.
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
5. INTRODUCTION
• The algae of lichen mostly belong to
chlorophyta and cyanobacteria.
• Fungi :- Mycobiont
• Algae:- Photobiont.
• Lichen is sensitive to air pollution particularly
sulfuric oxide.
• Lichen obtained nutrients from atmosphere.
6. INTRODUCTION
They are closely associated with each other as
to appear a single plant.
Combined growth of both plant algae and
fungi result in formation of lichen.
There are 400 genera and 15,000 species of
lichen.
7. INTRODUCTION
Lichen is derived from the Greek word
“LEPROUS” .
It is used to treatment of skin disease because
of their appearance as peeling skin.
It is estimated that 6% of Earth’s land surface
is covered by lichens.
Lichens may be long-lived ,with some
considered to be among the oldest living
organisms.
8. DEFINITIONS
Lichen is a group of tiny plants looks like
moss and grow on surface of things such
as rocks, trees, and wall.
OR
Lichen is an organism that is formed by
symbiotic association of fungi and algae.
10. HISTORY
1) Schwender (1867-68) :- Helotism.
2) Anton von DeBary(1887):-Symbiosis.
3) Reinke(1896):-Mutualism
4) Elenkin(1902):-Endosaprophytism.
5) Awasthi:-Poly symbiosis or Para symbiosis.
24. HABITAT
• Lichen grow in the presence of sufficient
moisture, cold temperature, direct sunlight
and pure atmosphere.
• On leaves
• Tree trunks
• Old logs
• Floor of forest
• On rocks
25. HABITAT
• Some lichens are cushion-like masses on bare
rocks in extremely cold regions of arctic zones.
• Some in tropical and subtropical rain forests.
• Most lichen grow in Eastern Himalayas than in
the Western Himalayas.
• Darjeeling, Gangtok, and in Sikkim.
26. STRUCTURE
• Some of terminology:-
1. Thallus
2. Upper cortex
3. Algal zone
4. Medulla
5. Lower cortex
6. Rhizine
36. Sexually Reproduction:-
• In ascolichens the fungus belongs to
ascomycetes and the sexual reproduction
results in the formation of apothecia or
perithecia.
• These fruiting bodies are small cup-like or
disc-like .
37.
38. Asexual Spores:-
• Hyphae of few lichens break up and germinate
into new fungal hyphae.
• Many lichens produce large number of small
spore like structure, pycniospores, within
flask-shaped pycnia.
• These structure act as male gametes are
known as spermatia and spermagonia.
39.
40. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
• There are some of the importance of the
lichen are given below:-
1. Food for man and animals
2. Medicinal importance
3. Chemical use
4. Role in nitrogen fixation
