International Training Course in “Enhancing Training Quality in Higher Education” Participating countries: Cambodia; Lao PDR and Vietnam

1. Open Educational Resources (OER) for
Enhancing Teaching and Learning
by Zakir Hossain
International Training Course in
“Enhancing Training Quality in Higher Education”
Participating countries: Cambodia; Lao PDR and Vietnam
SEAMEO Regional Training Center
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

2. Talking Points
1. Overview of OER
2. OER initiatives
3. OER initiatives in Asia/participating countries
4. Why funding/ creating OER
5. Benefits of OER
6. OER vs. OCW vs. e-Learning
7. OER challenges
8. Creative commence
9. OER guidelines
10. How can I SHARE my RESOURCES as OER

3. 1. OER?
Digitized materials offered freely and openly to
educators, students and self‐learners to use, re-use and
remix for teaching, learning and research without an
accompanying need to pay royalties or license fees.

4. According to UNESCO (2002)-
Open Educational Resources are defined as
‘technology‐enabled, open provision of educational
resources for consultation, use and adaptation by a
community of users for noncommercial purposes.’ They
are typically made freely available over the Web or the
Internet. Their principle use is by teachers and
educational institutions to support course development,
but they can also be used directly by students. Open
Educational Resources include learning objects such as
lecture material, references and readings, simulations,
experiments and demonstrations, as well as syllabuses,
curricula, and teachers’ guides.
OER? cont…

5. OER? cont…
Shared
Shared
freely and
openly to
be…
Used
Improved
Redistributed
… used
by
anyone to
…
… adapt /
repurpose/
improve under
some type of
license in order to
…
…
redistribute
and share
again.
So, OER are the educational materials which are
discoverable in online and openly licensed that can be:

6. The Open
Movement
OER @ Open Movement
Open Source Software
Open Access
Open Licences
Open Science
Open Society
Open Data

7. History of OER
 In 1994 Wayne Hodgins coined the term “learning object”
 In 1998 David Wiley coined the term “open content”
 In 2001 Larry Lessig and ….. “the Creative Commons”
 In 2001 MIT announced its “OpenCourseWare initiative”
 In 2002 UNESCO Forum ..“Open Educational Resources”

8. OER Anatomy
• Learning content:
Full courses, courseware, content modules, learning
objects, collections and journals.
• Tools:
Software to support the development, use, reuse and
delivery of learning content, including searching and
organisation of content, content and learning
management systems, content development tools, and
online learning communities.
• Implementation resources:
Intellectual property licenses to promote open publishing of
materials, design principles of best practice and localise
content.

9. What types of materials can become
OER?
• Classroom Materials: including lecture
presentations, reading lists, syllabi, etc.
• Websites
• Videos
• Image Collections
• Software

10. Producers Consumers
o Higher Education Institutions Lifelong Learners
o International /Regional Organizations Students
o National Governments Educators
Who’s who of OER?

11. OER Development Cycle

12. Example of OER development
Original
diagram in a
PhD thesis …
Improved and
adapted for the
Portuguese
context …
Translated into
Greek …
Adapted and
translated to
Spanish …
Adapted at the
SEAMEO
RETRAC

13. Available to other faculties,
students and institutions.
Other educators can now
discover and reuse.
Learning activity
or resource
Creates
Publishes as
OER on web
Shares
with students
and other
faculties
Traditional sharing of
teaching materials
Sharing educational
resources as OER
Additional considerations:
• Clearing of copyright issues
• Formatting for web and
accessibility for reuse
• Addition of metadata
• Publishing in repository or
referatoryEducator
…sharing beyond the classroom

14. 2. OER Initiatives ……

15. OER initiatives at a glance
• Over 10,000 courses available from more than 500
universities/ consortiums worldwide
MIT & MITx
ParisTech (11p)
Japan Open Course Ware Consortium (22 p)
CORE Consortium (70 p)
Coursera (83 p)
edX (28 p)
• Thousands of learning objects available in repositories
Connexions by Rice University
MERLOT by California State University

16. OER styles
 Full-package courses
 MIT OCW & MITx 2,150+
 Edx 62+
 Coursera 397+
 Saylor Foundation 296+
 Video courses
 Academic Earth 15,000+
 Khan Academy 4,200+
 Smarthistory (KA) 500+

17.  Repositories
 Merlot 43,999+
 Connexions 17,000+
 NROC n/f
 iTunesU 500,000+
 OER Commons 46,645+
 Textbooks
 Global Text Project 1,000+
 Global Textbook Project n/f
 WikiBooks 2,690+
 Project Gutenberg 43091+

18. OER initiative ..... cont.
MIT
Started : 2002
Courses : 2,150
“The idea is simple: to publish all of our course materials online and make
them widely available to everyone.”- by Dick K.P. Yue, Pf SE

19. MIT audience for OCW?

20. OER initiative ..... cont.
Open Courseware Consortium
Started : 2005
Courses : 3643
 Over 250 Higher Education institutions & associations world
wide dedicating to creating OCW
*Institutions must publish at least 10 courses

21. OER initiative ..... cont.
Khan Academy
Started : 2006
Collection : 4,200 videos
"I teach the way that I wish I was taught. The lectures are coming
from me, an actual human being who is fascinated by the
world around him."—Salman Khan

22. OER initiative ..... cont.
edX
Started : 2012
Collection : 62

23. Sample of edX Certificate

24. OER initiative ..... cont.
MERLOT
Started : 1997
Collection : 43,999
Putting Educational Innovations Into Practice

25. OER initiative ..... cont.
Project Gutenberg
Started : 1971
Collection : 43,091
To encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks.

26. OER initiative ..... cont.
DOAJ Project
Started : 2003
Collection : 9915 Journals

27. User statistics (approx.)
10
1.2
4.05
15
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
MIT/MITx edx Coursera Khan
Academy
Users (millions)

28. How are the OER resources used?

29. 3. OER initiatives in Asia

30. OER initiatives in Participating Countries
Cambodia
Lao PDR
Vietnam

31. Vietnam OER @ VOER

32. Courses offer by VOER

33. Why Funding OER?
Why should anyone give away anything
for free?
Why should anyone create OER?
4. Why?

34. At the heart of the movement toward Open Educational
Resources is the simple and powerful idea that the world’s
knowledge is a public good and that technology in general and
the World Wide Web in particular provide an extraordinary
opportunity for everyone to share, use, and reuse knowledge.
OER are the parts of that knowledge that comprise the
fundamental components of education—content and tools for
teaching, learning, and research.
The Hewlett Foundation
4a. Why funding OER?

35. • Today, there are over thirty million people who
are fully qualified to enter a university, but there
is no place available. This number will grow to
over 100 million during the next decade
• To meet the staggering global demand for
advanced education, a major university needs
to be created every week.
• In most of the world, higher education is mired
in a crisis of access, cost, and flexibility.
Why funding OER?

36. 4b. Why Creating OER?
Strategic
Economic
Pedagogic
Philanthropic

37. ….for faculty
Recognition
Freedom of access both for yourself and others
Connect with other collaborators
To bring down costs for students
To publicize a commercial version of the content
(Commercial benefits)
5. Benefits of OER

38. Benefits of OER in teaching
• Gaining access to the best possible resources
• Promote scientific research and education as
publicly open activities
• Bringing down costs for students
• Bringing down costs for course development for
institutions
• Outreach to disadvantaged communities
• Assisting developing countries
• Becoming independent of publishers
• Creating more flexible materials
• Conducting research and development
• Building sustainable partnerships

39. Benefits of OER for the university
Internationalization
Recruit better students
Increase reputation globally
To prepare incoming students
Decrease duplication, increase efficiency
To create an archive of educational content
Contribution to society by advancing education
Share expertise and curricula with other institutions

40. 6. OCW vs. OER
OCW focuses on sharing open content that is developed
specifically to instruct a course (locally taught)
OER includes any educational
content that is shared under an
open license, whether or not it is
a part of a course
*OCW is a subset of OER

41. 6a. eLearning vs. OER
eLearning are electronic instructional resources that
are not necessarily Openly Licensed.
OER materials are designed to be the physical or
electronic building blocks of instructional resources
and are always Openly Licensed.

42. 6c. Digital Resources viz. OER
OER
Digital Resources
(DR)
Educational
Resources (ER)

44. 7. OER Challenges

45. Major Challenges
Sustainability
Curation and Preservation of Access
Quality Assessment and Enhancement
Intellectual Property and Copyright Issues
Computing and Communication Infrastructure

46. IP
&
Copyright
OER Challenges….Cont.

47. © Cancels the Possibilities
Of digital media and the internet
Internet
Enables
What to do?
Copyright
Forbids

48. SOLUTION
ANY

51. LICENSES
&
LICENSES
licenses

52. Licenses
Non-Software Licenses
Creative Commons
GNU Free Documentation License
Software Licenses
GPL
Apache
BSD

54. 8. Creative Commence Licenses

55. Clauses
Clauses at Creative Commons

58. More about CC

59. • Would you allow commercial uses of your work?
• Yes
• No
• Would you allow modifications or derivatives of
your work?
• Yes
• No
Questions to ask

60. How to have a CC license?
@
http://creativecommons.org/

61. CC License Selection Tools

62. Edit/Cite a CC Licensed Material
To cite a CC Licensed object in your edited
materials, you use the following:
1. Author
2. Source
3. License Abbreviation (e.g. CC BY)
4. License URL

63. 9. OER Guidelines…

64. GLs for Higher Education Stakeholders
Who are
Higher Education Stakeholders

65. Governments
Higher education institutions
Quality assurance/ accreditation bodies
Academic staff

66. GLs for Government
 Support the use of OER through their policy-
making role in higher education
 Consider adopting open licensing frameworks
 Consider adopting open standards
 Contribute to raising awareness of key OER issues
 Promote national ICT/connectivity strategies
 Support the sustainable development and sharing
of quality learning materials

67. GLs for Academic staff
Consider publishing OER
Encourage student participation
Provide feedback about the existing OER
Promote OER through publishing about OER
Update knowledge of IPR, copyright policy etc
Assemble, adapt and contextualize existing OER

68. GLs for HE Institutions
Develop institutional strategies for the integration of OER
Provide incentives to support high quality learning
materials
Consider creating flexible copyright policies
Ensure ICT access for staff and students
Develop institutional policies and practices to store and
access OER

69. GLs for
quality assurance/accreditation bodies
 Develop their understanding of OER
 Engage in debates on OER, in particular on
copyright
 Accept OER as good practice in quality
assurance and recognition

70. 10. How can I SHARE my RESOURCES?

71. Use Blogs to create OER

72. Sample blog

73. Upload PowerPoint Slides & Create
Slidecasts

74. Record Webinars/Online talks

75. Finally……

77. 10a. Any accredited organization
who supports to create OER?

81. OER Commons Created by ISKME

83. Learn more @ OER resources

84. OPEN EDUCATION
@
MOOCS’
@
OPLI

89. HTTP://WWW.JOCW.JP/OCWHISTORY.HTM
HTTP://WWW.WSIS-COMMUNITY.ORG/PG/DIRECTORY/DISPLAY/673314
HTTP://WWW.COL.ORG/PUBLICATIONDOCUMENTS/GUIDELINES_OER_HE.PDF
HTTP://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/ELLYSSA/OPEN-EDUCATION-AND-LIBRARIES-
PRESENTATION
HTTPS://WWW.UDACITY.COM/
HTTP://WWW.ISEEK.ORG/EDUCATION/ONLINERESOURCES.HTML
HTTP://WWW.OERCOMMONS.ORG/
HTTP://WWW.OPENCULTURE.COM/
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=AETLXTEOPLA
HTTP://OPENCONTENT.ORG/BLOG/ARCHIVES/247
References

90. For more info. please visit
@
http://works.bepress.com/zakir_hossain/
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-
ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.