The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the skin. It describes the two main layers of the skin - the dermis and epidermis. The epidermis forms a protective barrier and regulates heat and moisture. The skin has several functions including sensation, heat regulation, absorption, protection, excretion, and secretion. A spray tan works by applying dihydroxyacetone to the skin's surface, which reacts with amino acids to cause browning. The color develops over 4 hours and fades as the top layer of skin is shed.

1. Lesson 2
Anatomy of the
Skin
A
publicatio
n of

2. INTRO
In this lesson you will learn:
•Layers of the skin
•Functions of the skin

3. Layers of the
skin
The skin is made up of two main layers; the
dermis and the epidermis. The epidermis is
the layer which is acted upon by a spray tan.
The other function of the epidermis is to form a
protective barrier against pathogens and to
regulate heat and moisture levels.

4. Functions of the
skin
S
H
A
P
E
S

5. Functions of the
skin
Sensation
H
A
P
E
S

6. Functions of the
skin
Sensation
Heat regulation
A
P
E
S

7. Functions of the
skin
Sensation
Heat regulation
Absorption
P
E
S

8. Functions of the
skin
Sensation
Heat regulation
Absorption
Protection
E
S

9. Functions of the
skin
Sensation
Heat regulation
Absorption
Protection
Excretion
Secretion

10. Functions of the
skin
Sensation
Heat regulation
Absorption
Protection
Excretion
Secretion

11. Functions of the
skin (SHAPES)
Sensation
Pain
Cold
Heat
Touch, Pressure

12. Functions of the
skin (SHAPES)
Heat regulation
Sweating – evaporation aids heat loss.
By shivering – closing pores to prevent
heat loss.
Goosebumps-Hairs stand on end to trap
heat.

13. Functions of the
skin (SHAPES)
Absorption
The skin produces vitaminD by absorbing
sunlight.
Medication and creams may be
administered by absorption, e.g. hormone
patches and creams

14. Functions of the
skin (SHAPES)
Protection
Melanin production –protects against
ultraviolet.
Acid Mantle – protects against bacteria

15. Functions of the
skin (SHAPES)
Excretion
Urea is eliminated through sweat glands

16. Functions of the
skin (SHAPES)
Secretion
Sebum is secreted to keep the skin soft
and pliable.
Sweat mixes with sebum to form the acid
mantle

17. The 1920s heralded a huge change in
perception.

18. The 1920s heralded a huge change in
perception.
Celebrity fashion icon, Coco Chanel, caught a
tan whilst holidaying on her yacht in the French
Riviera; suddenly everyone wanted to follow
suit and the craze for tanning began.

19. As time went by, it was shown that prolonged
and repeated exposure to sunshine led to a
marked increase in skin damage. Keen to
avoid skin cancer and wrinkles, the public
began to look for other methods of achieving a
bronzed skin and this led to the development
of fake tan.

20. As time went by, it was shown that prolonged
and repeated exposure to sunshine led to a
marked increase in skin damage. Keen to
avoid skin cancer and wrinkles, the public
began to look for other methods of achieving a
bronzed skin and this led to the development
of fake tan.
Initially, fake tan came in the form of a cream
but this proved difficult to apply without
streaking and so better application methods
were sought. To date, the most popular of
these is the therapist-applied spray tan.

21. The Benefits
of spray
tanning
To the client, the benefit of a spray tan is that it is streak-free, it is even and it looks natural.
To the therapist, one key benefit of becoming a Spraytanpro is the increased speed in which
the treatment can be completed.
The improved efficiency leads to much higher revenue.

22. Another bonus is its compactness; since only a
relatively small area is needed to complete the
treatment, rent and rates can be kept to a
minimum.

23. Another bonus is its compactness; since only a
relatively small area is needed to complete the
treatment, rent and rates can be kept to a
minimum.
The treatment can also be performed on a
mobile basis, dispensing with the need for a
couch altogether.

24. Another bonus is its compactness; since only a
relatively small area is needed to complete the
treatment, rent and rates can be kept to a
minimum.
The treatment can also be performed on a
mobile basis, dispensing with the need for a
couch altogether.
Using a spray, the therapist can also avoid the
dreaded ‘brown hand syndrome’ and –
perhaps most importantly - the flawless finish
ensures a happy customer and many years of
repeat custom.

25. How does fake
tan work?
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA)
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is the active ingredient in a fake tan. It comes from a vegetable
source and reacts with the amino acids in the skin, causing the skin to turn brown.

26. How does fake
tan work?
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA)
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is the active ingredient in a fake tan. It comes from a vegetable
source and reacts with the amino acids in the skin, causing the skin to turn brown.
The reaction takes around 4 hours to develop and happens only in the very top layer of the skin
so, over the following few days, the tan begins to fade as the epidermis is shed but because
society likes instantly visible results, many tans contain an instant bronzer.

27. How does fake
tan work?
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA)
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is the active ingredient in a fake tan. It comes from a vegetable
source and reacts with the amino acids in the skin, causing the skin to turn brown.
The reaction takes around 4 hours to develop and happens only in the very top layer of the skin
so, over the following few days, the tan begins to fade as the epidermis is shed but because
society likes instantly visible results, many tans contain an instant bronzer.
This is the colour which is visible immediately after a tan has been applied. It is important to
advise the client that this will wash off as soon as it comes into contact with water, for example
in the shower, as unless they are aware of this they might mistakenly think that their tan has not
‘taken’ and is washing off..

28. Erythrulose is sometimes added to enhance
the tan’s final colour. It gives a much more
natural, long lasting colour so despite it adding
to the cost of the product, do make sure that the
tan you use contains this as the improved result
more than repays the investment.

29. Erythrulose is sometimes added to enhance
the tan’s final colour. It gives a much more
natural, long lasting colour so despite it adding
to the cost of the product, do make sure that the
tan you use contains this as the improved result
more than repays the investment.
Moisturisers are also added, to help
counteract the drying effect which DHA has on
the skin.

30. Erythrulose is sometimes added to enhance
the tan’s final colour. It gives a much more
natural, long lasting colour so despite it adding
to the cost of the product, do make sure that the
tan you use contains this as the improved result
more than repays the investment.
Moisturisers are also added, to help
counteract the drying effect which DHA has on
the skin.
Preservatives are included to prolong the
shelf life of the tan.

31. … AND
YOU’RE
DONE...
....Now
you can
move on
to your
next
lesson!

32. So you want to become a spray tan
technician, and you want it to drive more
business …?
can help with that.