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AP US History
  Lesson 1
The appeal and lure of
       the west

• The west had a mythical appeal
• Atlantis
• Fallen Greek heroes were believed to spend eternity
  in a western paradise
• no ships could sail the open ocean
The vikings

• 984 Eric the Red found Greenland
• Son, Lief found Vinland (northern Newfoundland)
• Europeans were unaware of these colonies
• difficult to maintain
Middle ages



• Europeans were decentralized, fighting the Black
  Death and ignorant of classic knowledge
Changes

• Renaissance
• Population changes
• Technical knowledge
• Printing Press
The building of
      nations states in
• The Reformation:
• Centralization of Government
• Concentration of Wealth
• Balance of Power
• Mercantilism
• Colonization
New encounters

 During the sixteenth century the Spanish,
     French, and English explored the
   Americas, displaced Native American
  cultures, and established colonies in the
   Western Hemisphere. These changes
 forced both cultures to adapt and change,
  though Native American cultures often
suffered the most in these early exchanges.
native american
           cultures
• 30,000 years ago--Hunters and Gatherers crossed
  the Bering Sea from Siberia
• Diverse bands, not connected
• 300-350 separate languages
• Agriculture transformed society (southwest earliest)
• Four million at the time of Spanish Conquest
Urban populations


• Mississippi Moundbuilders built Cahokia (near St
  Louis)----town was the size of medieval London in
  1200 CE.
Aztec Society

• Indians of Mexico built vast cities.
• Hieroglyphic writing, large tributary government,
  accurate calendars.
• Cities of several thousand people
• Aztecs conquered the cities shortly before
  Columbus
Tenochtitlan


• 250,000 in 1519
• Elaborate human sacrifice to the Sun god
  (Huitzilopochtili)
• sacrifice tied to the agricultural cycle
Eastern woodland
            cultures
• Atlantic Coast had less than one million

• less farming---also, hunted and fished (cultivated maize)

• Dispersed in the winters

• Algonquins were the first contact with17th century Europeans (North Carolina to
  Maine)

• The Powhatans of Virginia were in this group

• separated by different dialects

• Very egalitarian reciprocal interaction

• matrilineal land ownership
Earliest Interactions

• First curious, not hostile
• eager for trade
• resistant to European culture
• Strained communication
• Disease and Dependency
West african people
      and culture

• The Portuguese explore the West Coast of Africa
• Set up East West Trade
• Establish Slave Trade
Columbus
Treaty of Tordesillas
        1494
The Conquistadors

• Spain first concentrated on the islands Columbus
  had discovered
• Hernan Cortes 1518- sailed from Cuba to Mexico
  to conquer Aztecs
• Fear of Quetzlcoatl
• Pizarro and the Incas
The problems of
        conquistadors

• Encomienda System
• 250,000 migrators in 1500’s
• most poor men, likely to marry Natives or Blacks
  (meztizos and mulattos)
• 200 tons of gold and 16,000 tons of silver

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Lesson one

  • 1. AP US History Lesson 1
  • 2. The appeal and lure of the west • The west had a mythical appeal • Atlantis • Fallen Greek heroes were believed to spend eternity in a western paradise • no ships could sail the open ocean
  • 3. The vikings • 984 Eric the Red found Greenland • Son, Lief found Vinland (northern Newfoundland) • Europeans were unaware of these colonies • difficult to maintain
  • 4. Middle ages • Europeans were decentralized, fighting the Black Death and ignorant of classic knowledge
  • 5. Changes • Renaissance • Population changes • Technical knowledge • Printing Press
  • 6. The building of nations states in • The Reformation: • Centralization of Government • Concentration of Wealth • Balance of Power • Mercantilism • Colonization
  • 7. New encounters During the sixteenth century the Spanish, French, and English explored the Americas, displaced Native American cultures, and established colonies in the Western Hemisphere. These changes forced both cultures to adapt and change, though Native American cultures often suffered the most in these early exchanges.
  • 8. native american cultures • 30,000 years ago--Hunters and Gatherers crossed the Bering Sea from Siberia • Diverse bands, not connected • 300-350 separate languages • Agriculture transformed society (southwest earliest) • Four million at the time of Spanish Conquest
  • 9. Urban populations • Mississippi Moundbuilders built Cahokia (near St Louis)----town was the size of medieval London in 1200 CE.
  • 10.
  • 11. Aztec Society • Indians of Mexico built vast cities. • Hieroglyphic writing, large tributary government, accurate calendars. • Cities of several thousand people • Aztecs conquered the cities shortly before Columbus
  • 12. Tenochtitlan • 250,000 in 1519 • Elaborate human sacrifice to the Sun god (Huitzilopochtili) • sacrifice tied to the agricultural cycle
  • 13. Eastern woodland cultures • Atlantic Coast had less than one million • less farming---also, hunted and fished (cultivated maize) • Dispersed in the winters • Algonquins were the first contact with17th century Europeans (North Carolina to Maine) • The Powhatans of Virginia were in this group • separated by different dialects • Very egalitarian reciprocal interaction • matrilineal land ownership
  • 14. Earliest Interactions • First curious, not hostile • eager for trade • resistant to European culture • Strained communication • Disease and Dependency
  • 15. West african people and culture • The Portuguese explore the West Coast of Africa • Set up East West Trade • Establish Slave Trade
  • 18. The Conquistadors • Spain first concentrated on the islands Columbus had discovered • Hernan Cortes 1518- sailed from Cuba to Mexico to conquer Aztecs • Fear of Quetzlcoatl • Pizarro and the Incas
  • 19. The problems of conquistadors • Encomienda System • 250,000 migrators in 1500’s • most poor men, likely to marry Natives or Blacks (meztizos and mulattos) • 200 tons of gold and 16,000 tons of silver