US history lecture about early exploration

1. EXPLORATION OF THE
NEW WORLD
A CULTURAL
EXPLOSION

2. The Bering Strait
• 14,000 + years ago Mongol’s
crossed the frozen Bering Strait
• Dispersed into Migratory
patterns across North America
• Largest civilizations found in
South – Incas, Mayans, and
Aztecs

3. Where did the Original
Inhabitants of North
America Come From
• 13,500 years ago Archeological
evidence suggests a South
Asian and Asian migration into
present day Baja California
• 12,500 years ago Archeological
evidence suggests a mongoloid
migration over the Bering Strait
from Siberia to Alaska

4. Archeological Evidence

7. Southwest Settlements
• Dry, arid region
• Modern Day New Mexico,
Arizonza
• Cliff Dwellers of the Pueblo,
Hokokm, Anasazi

10. Northwest Settlements
• Geographic locations created
isolated societies
• Pacific Coast from Alaska to
Northern California
• Hunter gathers who built totems
to preserve their culture

14. Great Basin
• Nomadic Lifestyles
• European Contact – Utes and
Southern Paiutes raid Spanish
and Pueblo settlements
• Apache will move into present
day Northern Texas

16. Great Plains
• Nomadic lifestyles
• Hunter gatherers
• Lived in family units
• Teepee structures
• With the advent of the horse
Sioux becomes the “Buffalo
Hunter”

19. Midwest
• Hunting and agriculture
• Permanent Settlements
• Adena-Hopewell (current day
Ohio) famous for earthern
mound structures

22. Northeast Settlements
• Dominated by the five (5) tribes
of the Iroquis
• Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga,
Oneida, Mohawk
• Traders who formed political
alliances amongst themselves
• Matrilineal

23. Three Sisters
• Corn (maize), squash, climbing
beans or common beans
• Surplus of food stuffs becomes
an economic value
• Three sisters are used as
means of trade and have
monetary value

26. Atlantic Seaboard
Settlements
• Descendants of Woodland
cultures
• Traders
• Suffered disease prior to
English Colonization which left
them weakened

27. Trouble in the middle
East
• European countries expanding
trade
• 1453 Ottoman Turks take
control of Constantinople
• This creates a “middle man”
who needs to be paid for trade
goods with the East

28. SPAIN COMES TO TOWN
• Economic venture to further
enrich the nation-state
• Columbus arrives in Barbados –
1492 beginning the exploration
• Hernan Cortes, Francisco
Pizzaro, and Coronado explore
the New World
• Conquistadors

29. Hernando Cortes
• Invaded and conquered
Tenochtitlan (Present Day
Mexico City)
• Successful largely due to
disease
• Searching for silver and gold
• Montezuma – Aztec leader
destroyed

33. Spain Continued
• 1565 St. Augustine in Florida
first permanent European
settlement in New World
• 1680 Pueblo Revolt
• Spain maintained rigid royal
control over colonies which led
to downfall

34. Spain as Colonizers
• Forced Incas and Aztecs into
submission largely due to
spread of disease
• Catholic Church sends Priests
who set up Missions
• Colonies forced Native
Americans to labor under the
encomiendas system

35. BATTLE FOR CONTROL
OVER THE NEW WORLD
• Spain and Portugal both
claimed the New World – They
turned to the Pope
• Vertical line drawn Spain has
West of line, Portugal East of
line
• 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas

36. Treaty of Tordesillas

37. Here’s France
• French explorer’s set up trading
posts and trade with the Native
American’s for furs, lumber, etc.
• Intermarry with Native
American’s

39. THE BRITISH ARE
COMING
• Arrived late due to civil wars
• Roanoke experiment
• Economic venture
• Financed through joint-stock
companies

40. Columbian Exchange
• Cultural exchange
• Plants
• Animals
• Diseases