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1 pre_contact_natives_and_early_exploration.ppt
- 1. EXPLORATION OF THE NEWWORLD A CULTURAL EXPLOSION
- 2. The Bering Strait •14,000 + years ago Mongol’s crossed the frozen Bering Strait • Dispersed into Migratory patterns across North America • Largest civilizations found in South – Incas, Mayans, and Aztecs
- 3. Where did theOriginal Inhabitants of North America Come From • 13,500 years ago Archeological evidence suggests a South Asian and Asian migration into present day Baja California • 12,500 years ago Archeological evidence suggests a mongoloid migration over the Bering Strait from Siberia to Alaska
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- 7. Southwest Settlements • Dry,arid region • Modern Day New Mexico, Arizonza • Cliff Dwellers of the Pueblo, Hokokm, Anasazi
- 10. Northwest Settlements • Geographiclocations created isolated societies • Pacific Coast from Alaska to Northern California • Hunter gathers who built totems to preserve their culture
- 14. Great Basin • NomadicLifestyles • European Contact – Utes and Southern Paiutes raid Spanish and Pueblo settlements • Apache will move into present day Northern Texas
- 16. Great Plains • Nomadiclifestyles • Hunter gatherers • Lived in family units • Teepee structures • With the advent of the horse Sioux becomes the “Buffalo Hunter”
- 19. Midwest • Hunting andagriculture • Permanent Settlements • Adena-Hopewell (current day Ohio) famous for earthern mound structures
- 22. Northeast Settlements • Dominatedby the five (5) tribes of the Iroquis • Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk • Traders who formed political alliances amongst themselves • Matrilineal
- 23. Three Sisters • Corn(maize), squash, climbing beans or common beans • Surplus of food stuffs becomes an economic value • Three sisters are used as means of trade and have monetary value
- 26. Atlantic Seaboard Settlements • Descendantsof Woodland cultures • Traders • Suffered disease prior to English Colonization which left them weakened
- 27. Trouble in themiddle East • European countries expanding trade • 1453 Ottoman Turks take control of Constantinople • This creates a “middle man” who needs to be paid for trade goods with the East
- 28. SPAIN COMES TOTOWN • Economic venture to further enrich the nation-state • Columbus arrives in Barbados – 1492 beginning the exploration • Hernan Cortes, Francisco Pizzaro, and Coronado explore the New World • Conquistadors
- 29. Hernando Cortes • Invadedand conquered Tenochtitlan (Present Day Mexico City) • Successful largely due to disease • Searching for silver and gold • Montezuma – Aztec leader destroyed
- 33. Spain Continued • 1565St. Augustine in Florida first permanent European settlement in New World • 1680 Pueblo Revolt • Spain maintained rigid royal control over colonies which led to downfall
- 34. Spain as Colonizers •Forced Incas and Aztecs into submission largely due to spread of disease • Catholic Church sends Priests who set up Missions • Colonies forced Native Americans to labor under the encomiendas system
- 35. BATTLE FOR CONTROL OVERTHE NEW WORLD • Spain and Portugal both claimed the New World – They turned to the Pope • Vertical line drawn Spain has West of line, Portugal East of line • 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas
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- 37. Here’s France • Frenchexplorer’s set up trading posts and trade with the Native American’s for furs, lumber, etc. • Intermarry with Native American’s
- 39. THE BRITISH ARE COMING •Arrived late due to civil wars • Roanoke experiment • Economic venture • Financed through joint-stock companies
- 40. Columbian Exchange • Culturalexchange • Plants • Animals • Diseases