Students are asked to choose a topic from a list to potentially design a lesson around. The list includes topics like climate change, earthquakes, geochemical cycling, and mountain belts. The document then provides an overview of approaches to lesson design, including key elements like learning goals, prior knowledge, student activities, and assessment. It offers an example framework addressing these elements and provides suggestions for interactive student activities. Finally, it recommends reviewing a lesson plan by evaluating elements such as clarity of purpose, use of prior knowledge, opportunities for student exploration, and opportunities for student reflection.