Lesson 9 prewriting, brainstorming and outlining
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This document provides an overview of prewriting strategies such as brainstorming and outlining to help make sense of research for a paper. It presents four common prewriting approaches: asking questions about the topic, freewriting ideas that come to mind, starting with big ideas and categories in an outline, and creating visual brainstorms or mind maps. For each approach, it offers tips and examples to guide the prewriting process. Resources for additional prewriting techniques and examples are also listed.
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3 ways to make the research writing process easier
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Pre-Writing Strategies
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Pre writing strategies
Prewriting is the first step in the traditional writing process and involves activities done before the first draft to generate and organize ideas. Some common prewriting techniques include listing, free writing, clustering, and cubing. Listing involves jotting down every idea about the topic without censoring. Free writing has the writer continuously write about the subject for 10-15 minutes without worrying about mechanics. Clustering maps out ideas that relate to the central topic through drawings of lines and circles. Cubing looks at a topic from six angles: describing, comparing, associating, analyzing, applying, and arguing. Prewriting helps writers explore different perspectives on their topic before beginning the first draft.
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The document provides an overview of the writing process and various pre-writing techniques including brainstorming, discussing, free writing, looping, listing, outlining, charting, and mapping. Examples are given for each technique along with topics and instructions for students to practice the techniques.
What is prewriting
Prewriting involves choosing a topic, considering the intended function and audience, generating and organizing ideas. It is the initial stage of writing where writers explore their ideas before drafting, accounting for up to 70% of the writing process, according to Donald Murray. This stage allows writers to see what they know about the topic and what direction they want to take.
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Prewriting techniques
This document discusses various prewriting techniques that can be used before drafting a written work. It describes prewriting as the first step in the writing process where a writer thinks about the purpose and audience. Some common techniques mentioned are listing ideas, freewriting, clustering related ideas visually, and using heuristic methods like cubing or tagmemics to explore a topic from different angles. The goal of prewriting is to generate and organize ideas before beginning the drafting stage.
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The document outlines the writing process, which includes prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, proofreading, and publishing. It discusses establishing a purpose and target audience in prewriting. Drafting involves working independently and getting teacher feedback. Revising focuses on reorganizing content and style. Proofreading ensures correctness. Publishing shares the writing with an authentic audience. The writing process is recursive and produces a quality product through manageable chunks.
Pre writing strategies
The document discusses various pre-writing graphic organizers including webs, Venn diagrams, 5 W's charts, and flowcharts. Webs place the main topic in the center and connect facts about the topic. Venn diagrams compare and contrast two things by showing differences outside overlapping circles and similarities in the middle. 5 W's charts ask and answer questions about what happened, who was involved, when, where, and why. Flowcharts show the main topic and events in sequential order from beginning to end. Examples are provided for each type of graphic organizer to illustrate their use.
To summarize a paragraph you should
To summarize a paragraph:
1. Read it actively by circling repeated words and underlining the main idea. Then cross out unnecessary details.
2. Write a 3 sentence summary. The first sentence should connect the key ideas. One or two supporting sentences can add concise details or descriptions. Compare the summary to the original paragraph and avoid adding new information.
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Steinbeck uses characters in Of Mice and Men to show that societal conditions during the Great Depression caused people to feel alone. Crooks is segregated as a black man and lives alone. Curley's wife married for security but receives no attention, leaving her lonely. Though George and Lennie have each other, their friendship is doomed due to Lennie's interactions with others.
Prewriting
The document discusses various prewriting techniques for developing ideas and forming thesis statements for essays, including listing, questioning, and freewriting. It provides examples of each technique and encourages experimenting with different prewriting methods to see what works best. Key details include making lists of images, characters, main points, and quotations from readings; questioning texts using who, what, when, where, why, and how; and freewriting for 10-15 minutes without stopping to generate content and ideas.
How to summarize
The six-step process for summarizing a document involves reading the document thoroughly, re-reading to identify the main idea and key terms, outlining the information by dividing it into sections, writing a rough draft of the summary in your own words while maintaining the original sequence of ideas, editing the rough draft, and comparing the summary to the original document. When writing a summary, the introduction should state the main idea, the body should explain each section using the author's key words and important ideas, and the conclusion should avoid adding new data and not use your own ideas. Summaries must avoid plagiarism by stating all references used, avoiding direct quotes, and properly citing sources using APA style.
Pre-Writing Strategies
Here are 3 potential topics I came up with using the specified pre-writing strategies:
1. Social media (brainstorming): Effects of social media on relationships, Social media addiction, Benefits and drawbacks of social media
2. Summer vacation (mapping): Beach vacation, Road trip, Camping trip
Summarize
This document provides guidance on how to summarize different types of passages. It explains that to summarize nonfiction, one should identify the topic, find the main idea, and express the topic and main idea in your own words along with important details. When summarizing fiction, one should identify characters and setting, focus on the conflict facing main characters, track story events, and identify how the conflict ends.
Essay pre-writing steps
The document outlines six pre-writing steps for developing an essay: 1) Think about the topic question, answer, and main point; 2) Take notes to remember ideas; 3) Collect relevant facts; 4) Add your own ideas; 5) Identify the main idea; 6) Organize supporting facts and ideas in a way that develops the main point. Following these steps helps prepare ideas before writing by developing an outline to guide writing the essay.
Pre writing strategies
This document discusses various pre-writing strategies that can be used in the writing process. Pre-writing is the preliminary work done before drafting a paper and includes activities like brainstorming, clustering, free writing, and questioning. The goal of pre-writing is to calm nerves and get ideas flowing so writers don't panic about their topic. Some specific techniques covered are brainstorming ideas related to the topic, mind mapping to relate concepts, free writing for a set period of time, and using the six journalists' questions of who, what, where, when, why and how.
Essay writing
An essay is composed of at least three paragraphs that develop a single topic and main idea. It has an introduction that states the thesis and provides context, several body paragraphs that explain and support the thesis with examples or details, and a conclusion that restates the thesis and main points. The thesis is the main argument or idea that is developed over the course of the essay. Outlines help organize the major points and subtopics to be addressed in each paragraph.
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Presentation project2 r519
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13 a westmacall..
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Generating ideas
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Conceptual sketches for Design
Conceptual sketches for DesignDirector-Navnirman Bahu-Uddeshiya Mahila Sanstha,Suvarna Lele Architects.
The document discusses several aspects of the design process, including brainstorming ideas without dismissing any, even strange ones, and collecting reference images based on client-provided keywords. It also discusses design as a creative and thinking process that generates alternatives through combining new and existing theories. The design thinking process involves understanding the problem, researching solutions, identifying opportunities and problems, developing a design strategy, prototyping, and implementing a solution. Conceptual design gives precedence to hypothetical function over actual functionality by illustrating potential design ideas. Truly great design has meaning behind each element rather than just being visually appealing. Seeing comes before words in the design process.Final evaluation
The student felt that the task of creating a college magazine front cover and contents page went well. They were able to apply knowledge gained from analyzing real college magazines. A questionnaire helped ensure the magazine would appeal to others. Initially, choosing a masthead was difficult, but asking for ideas in the questionnaire provided a good option. Looking at other magazine layouts when drafting their own helped select the best design. The student learned how much thought goes into magazine creation and feels better prepared for future tasks.
2013 beacon-congress-social-media
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Lesson plan
The document summarizes a week of writer's workshop activities for 4th grade students. It describes having students:
1) Question their drafts to identify the message for readers;
2) Develop a thesis statement after collecting research data;
3) Plan their essays using a box-and-bullets or TPC (thesis, points, conclusion) method;
4) Add supporting details like personal experiences to each point; and
5) Include true facts to further support each point. The teacher models each step and has students practice with partners.
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Lesson 9 prewriting, brainstorming and outlining
- 1. Prewriting, Brainstorming, and Outlining how to begin to make sense of the chaos of your research
- 2. Quiz: What works best for you? "Before I start writing a paper, I like to..." a. "... ask a lot of questions to myself about my topic." b. "... just get started by freewriting whatever comes to mind." c. "... start with big ideas and categories." d. "... create visual brainstorms or mindmaps." and for the live poll: http://www.polleverywhere.
- 3. Today You Have Options* *The following options are partially inspired by "Pre-writing techniques" from Simpson College, http://www.simpson. edu/hawley/writing/prewriting.html
- 4. If you answered "a": The Questioner Image: Oberazzi on Flickr CC a. "... I like to ask a lot of questions to myself about my topic."
- 5. The Questioner: Consider asking yourself questions to help you get thinking about organizing your research. Here are a few ideas: ● What have I learned about my topic so far? What's most compelling? ● What am I arguing? ● How will I prove what I'm arguing? What evidence is most convincing? ● What are possible counter-arguments? ● How will I make my reader care? Now that you have your questions, start to answer them. Want more ideas? Go to the Purdue Online Writing Lab for Prewriting Ideas.
- 6. If you answered "b": The Free Spirit Image: jjpacres on Flickr CC b. "... I like to just get started by freewriting whatever comes to mind."
- 7. The Free Spirit Free your mind! Rules of freewriting: ● There are no rules. ● Don't judge your ideas or grammar--just write. ● Try to write for as long as possible without stopping, ideally 10-15 minutes. ● If you are lost, write for a while about whatever comes to mind ("open" freewrite) and then choose a specific idea from there to begin a "focused" freewrite. After you finish, reread and consider moving to a visual map or rough outline of your ideas.
- 8. If you answered "c": The Big Idea Person Image: bendeming on Flickr CC c. "... I like to start with big ideas and categories."
- 9. The Big Idea Person First, state your topic and thesis. Next create a rough outline. Consider the following: ● What are the main sections of your argument? ● Within each section, what are the subsections or subpoints? ● What evidence will you use to support each section and subsection? Once you have your big ideas in outline form, go back to your notes and decide how to fit in specific evidence and ideas.
- 10. If you answered "d": The Visual Thinker Image: Austin Kleon on Flickr CC d. "... I like to create visual brainstorms or mindmaps."
- 11. The Visual Thinker First, put your topic or thesis in the center of the page. You might consider the following: ● Draw pictures to represent your ideas. ● Circle, underline, color code, or use symbols to show the hierarchy of your ideas. ● If you want, use an online mindmapping tool like Mindomo. Want to see a Mindomo example? See my very lame example here, based on what I actually wrote about for a history paper in high school about documentary photography during the Depression.
- 12. List of Prewriting Resources "Pre-writing techniques" from Simpson College, http: //www.simpson.edu/hawley/writing/prewriting.html "Why and How to Outline" by Elyssa Tardiff and Allen Brizee, Purdue Online Writing Lab, http://owl.english. purdue.edu/owl/resource/544/02/ Mindomo online mindmapping software, http://www. mindomo.com/, (first 3 maps free)
- 13. Questions? Contact me. sclark [at] windwardschool.org