2.
Granted Rupert’s Land by King of England (1660)
Rupert’s Land = The Hudson Bay Drainage Basin
Encouraged First Nations to bring Furs to Forts…
“Stay by the Bay” and had headquarters in London
By late 1700s & early 1800s HBC starts establishing
Furs further inland
The HBC est. 1670
3.
Started by a group of Fur Trading companies based
out of Montreal
Had 2 groups of partners…all involved could share
profits.
Hivernants employed Voyageurs to do the muscle
work
The NWC est. 1783
4.
With HQ in Montreal they couldn’t use similar “Stay
by Bay” policy
Had to go inland, built Major Fort on Lake Superior
The company’s aggressive nature lead them to
become successful
The NWC est. 1783
5.
The Fur Trade is moving further and further inland…
Wiping out animal populations completely (p139) or
forcing them further West
The HBC and NWC are desperately competing for a
shrinking fur trade economy
This will impact their trading partners significantly.
The Problem
6.
The plains people are represented by five major
language groups: The Blackfoot, The Cree, The
Sioux, The Saulteaux and the Gros Ventres.
Each group has different nations: your text lists the
Cree, Assiniboin, Chipewyan, and Ojibwa
Who were their trading
partners?
8.
The Métis
descended from First
Nations women and
European Men.
Fur traders would marry
into First Nations
communities
early 1800s these
descendants had their
own cultural identity
9.
The Métis
Strong roots in the
Northwest, especially
the Red River Valley.
Participated in the
Bison (Buffalo) Hunt
Hunts were organized
into “Buffalo Brigades”
10.
Impacts of the Fur Trade
• Nations changed where they lived to follow the
expansion of the Fur Trade (Horizons p. 136)
Re-organized First Nations ways of life.
11.
Impacts continued
Traditional seasonal cycles were abandoned so more
furs could be trapped.
Introduced diseases (like smallpox and measles )
meant massive population loss to First Nations
communities.
The more competitive the battle between the HBC
and NWC got, the more First Nations had to adjust
their societies.
12. More
adjustments… In 1812 Lord Selkirk
receives a grant to settle
Scottish farmers in Red
River.
How will this impact
First Nations and
Métis communities?
This is your question of
the day. Take a few
minutes to think and
write about this on your
own.
13. • Between 1811 – 1817 the Red River was the site of
increasing conflict between many parties.
• Proclamations were made, forts were burned down,
people were arrested, and armed resistance took
place during what is now called “The Battle of 7
Oaks”
Setting the Stage…
14.
Timeline Creation
• In groups you will look at the events from 1810-1820
• Each group will get a hand out that tells them what event
to investigate and the information needed to do so.
• On the post-it identify and give the significance of the
event.
• Together we will make a timeline.
• http://youtu.be/9yuCCBl1y8g?t=1h9m29s
