A karyotype shows the complete set of chromosomes arranged in pairs by size. Studying karyotypes is important for understanding human genetics. Humans have 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes that determine sex (XY for males and XX for females). The other 44 chromosomes are called autosomes. Many human traits are inherited according to patterns of simple dominance, codominance, or sex-linked inheritance. Pedigree analysis can be used to determine the inheritance patterns of traits within families.