Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. It refers to conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, such as atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension. Atherosclerosis is a narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup, which can lead to heart attack if a blood clot forms. Lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, exercising, and following a low-fat diet can help prevent cardiovascular disease.

1. Concept 30.4Cardiovascular diseaseistheleading cause of death in theUnitedStatesCarlos AlonsoFrancisco Arias

2. A cardiovascular disease is an illness of the heart and/or blood vessels. It can be caused by a significant build up of plaque in the arteries. Plaque is deposits of cholesterol, calcium, and fat that build up on artery walls.

3. Types of Cardiovascular diseaseAtherosclerosis: Narrowing of the arteries that results from a buildup of plaque. In cases of severe blockage, a blood clot could close up the artery, leading to a heart attack.Arteriosclerosis: Condition that occurs when plaque hardens on artery walls.

4. Hypertension: Condition of having a blood pressure of 140/90 or higher for an extended period; also called high blood pressure.Stroke: Damage to brain tissue resulting from a clot blocking blood flow to the brain.

5. Compare thecrosssection of a clearartery (left) with a llarerarterypartlyobstructedby plaque buildup (right).

6. Preventive Actions You Can Take NowSmoking, lack of exercise, and high-fat diets all increase risk. You can lessen your risk of future cardiovascular disease by making certain choices throughout your life. For example, you can limit your intake of cholesterol.

7. Preventive Actions You Can Take NowOther preventive measures you can take include limiting your intake of salt and eating lots of fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain foods. Some researchers think that the fiber in these types of food helps to lower cholesterol levels.

8. Preventive Actions You Can Take NowThe proper diet, combined with regular exercise to maintain cardiovascular fitness, will help keep your circulatory system healthy.