The document provides an overview of speech and theater arts, highlighting essential concepts in speech communication, levels of context, and modes of communication. It outlines the speech production mechanism, detailing the roles of the respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory systems, as well as explaining suprasegmentals as tools in speech. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of public speaking as a structured means of conveying information to an audience.

1. Speech and Theater
Arts
Prepared by: Ms. Aira Mae R. Sarita

2. Lesson 1: Speech Arts
– An Overview
Prepared by: Ms. Aira Mae R. Sarita

3. Educational Background/Qualifications
3
Undergraduate Degree: Bachelor of Secondary Education with specialization in English at
Lyceum of the Philippines University – Cavite
Post Graduate Degree: Master of Arts in English as a Second Language at De La Salle
University – Dasmariñas Cavite (Thesis Writing)
License: Licensed Professional Teacher
Work Experiences:
 Full-Time DepEd Teacher, Research Department Luis Y. Ferrer Jr. Senior High School
 Part-Time Lecturer, Samuel Christian College
 Former Instructor, Department of Arts and Sciences Cavite State University – CCAT
Campus for three years handling major, professional, and general courses.
 Former Instructor, Department of Teacher Education Cavite State University –
General Trias City Campus handled major courses – education.
 Former Part-Time English Lecturer for Civil Service Examination at Community’s
Holistic Qualitative Inc. (CHQ Tutorial and Review Center)
 In-House Reviewer for LET (Competency Appraisal for BSE)
 Accredited English Critic and Research Consultant.

4. Contents
Review on Speech Sounds
Focus on the
Suprasegmentals as Tools
for Speech and Theater –
Stress, Pitch, Volume,
Enunciation, etc.
Public Speaking
Concepts of Speech and
Communication
Levels of Context of
Communication
Modes of Communication
Review on the
Communication Process
01
02
03
04
05
06
07

5. Intended Learning Outcomes:
At the end of these weeks, students should
be able to:
 discuss major concepts in speech and
communication contexts, modes, processes, and
the segmentals and suprasegmentals;
 recognize public speaking as a relevant linguistic
activity in society; and
 express speech arts through sound drills,
communication modes and processes simple
simulations, and public speaking tasks.

6. The Concept of
Communication
Speech
Communication
Speech Communication derived from Latin
"communis", meaning to share.
Defined as a process by which we assign and
convey meaning in an attempt to create shared
understanding. This process requires a vast
repertoire of skills in intrapersonal and
interpersonal processing, listening, observing,
speaking, questioning, analyzing, and
evaluating.
 Communication derived from the Latin word
"common" which means "belonging to many"
and "communico” means to confer with
others.
 The act of conveying meaning to a person or
group of people using a mutually understood
symbols, gestures, behaviors and semiotic
rules.

7. Levels of
Context of
Communication
1. INTRAPERSONAL
involves one person; it is often
called “self-talk.”
2. INTERPERSONAL
involves two people, and can range
from intimate and very personal to
formal and impersonal. You may carry
on a conversation with a loved one,
sharing a serious concern.
3. GROUP
a dynamic process where a small
number of people engage in a
conversation. Involving three to
eight people.

8. Levels of
Context of
Communication
4. PUBLIC
one person speaks to a group of
people; the same is true of public
written communication, where
one person writes a message to
be read by a small or large group.
5. MASS
involves sending a single
message to a group. It allows us
to communicate our message to
a large number of people, but we
are limited in our ability to tailor
our message to specific
audiences, groups, or
individuals.

9. Modes of Communication
the use of language to
transfer information through
speaking or sign language.
It is one of the most
common types, often used
during presentations, video
conferences and phone
calls, meetings and one-on-
one conversations.
the use of body
language, gestures and
facial expressions to
convey information to
others. It can be used
both intentionally and
unintentionally.
Written communication
is the act of writing,
typing or printing
symbols like letters and
numbers to convey
information.
Visual communication
is the act of using
photographs, art,
drawings, sketches,
charts and graphs to
convey information.
VERBAL NON-
VERBAL
WRITTEN VISUAL

10. The goal of
communication is to
transmit information and
the understanding
information — from one
person or group to
another person or group.
Communication
Process
Message Medium Receiver
Feedback
Who... says what... in what way... to whom...
...with what efect
Communicator

11. Characteristics of Communication
 Schemata-driven – begin with what you already know.
 Interpretative act - The role of the receiver is just to interpret
- Does not guarantee a direct or automatic links between two minds
- Knowledge becomes meaningful only when you initiate
communication
 Active, powerful, or forceful - Messages have varied effects on all
participants in any communication event
- Elicits different meaning or reactions; messages are prone to
changes

12. Characteristics of Communication
 Symbolic - Any objects that represent or stand for ideas
 Irreversible - Once its uttered, its susceptible to different
integration/meanings
 Contextual - Time, place, topic, occasion, purpose and manner of
communication
 Developmental/ progressive - To communicate is to go through
different stages of language learning
 Process - Stages of communication take place when people
exchange ideas with another
 Ethical - Guided by standards agreed upon societal members

13. Principles of Communication
 Interpersonal communication is inescapable.
 Interpersonal communication is irreversible.
 Interpersonal communication is complicated.
 Interpersonal communication is contextual.
 Psychological context – who you are and what you bring to the interaction.
 Relational context – concerns your reaction to the other person.
 Situational context – deals with the psycho-social where you are
communicating.
 Environmental context – deals with the physical where you are
communicating.
 Cultural context – includes all the learned behaviors and rules that affect the
interaction.

14. The Speech Production Mechanism
Organs of Speech
 Respiratory System – consists of lungs, diaphragm
and the bronchial tubes which lead to the throat.
During speech, the lungs take in air rapidly and let it
out slowly.
 Phonatory System – responsible for the vibration of
the vocal folds. The vocal folds produce voice when
they vibrate rapidly, that is, when an airstream
passes them. The function of the larynx as a
vibration source is called phonation.
 Resonatory System – the process of voice
amplification and modification.
 Articulatory System – Articulation occurs when the
tone produced in the larynx is changed into specific
sounds. This is the result of the movement of the
articulators towards the points of articulation.

15. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 LUNGS
 Serve as the reservoir of air.
 As you inhale, fill the lungs comfortably
in preparation for speaking.
 DIAPHRAGM
 A large sheet of muscle separating the
chest cavity from the abdomen.
 Forms the floor of the chest and the roof
of the abdomen.
 Gives pressure to the breath stream

16. PHONATORY SYSTEM
 Larynx
 Principal organ of phonation.
 Found at the top of the trachea
 Protuberance is known as the “Adam’s
apple”
 Vocal Cords
 A pair of bundles of muscles and
cartilages
 Open and close at various degrees
 Trachea
 Also known as windpipe
 Passageway of air going up from the
lungs

17. RESONATORY SYSTEM
 Pharynx
 Common passageway for air and food
 Located behind the nose and mouth and includes the
cavity at the back of the tongue
 Nose
 Consists of the external and internal portions
 Nostrils – openings of the external nose
 Nasal cavity – internal nose; directly behind the
external nose through which the air passes on its
way to the pharynx
 Mouth
 Divided into the vestibule and the oral cavity proper
 Vestibule – felt by placing the tongue tip outside the
teeth but inside the lips
 Oral cavity – felt by retracting the tongue, closing the
jaws and moving the tongue about

20. ARTICULATORY SYSTEM
 Lips
 Highly flexible. Can be moved into numerous
positions essential to articulation
 Teeth
 Serve as important surfaces in articulation
 Embedded in the alveolar ridge or gum ridges of the
oral cavity
 Uvula
 Small nub on the lower border of the soft palate
 Movable tip at the midline of the free border of the
soft palate
 Velum
 Also known as the soft palate
 Separates the nasal pharynx from the oral cavity
 Tongue
 Flexible organ consisting of muscles, glands and
connective tissues

21. Suprasegmentals as Tools for Speech
and Theater
Suprasegmentals are prosodic properties that
form part of the makeup of sounds no matter
what their place or manner of articulation is.
These properties are pitch, intonation, stress,
and juncture. They are variations in intensity,
pitch, and timing.

22. Suprasegmentals as Tools for Speech
and Theater
increasing volume is a
simple way of giving
emphasis, and this is a
crude measure of
stress. But it is usually
combined with other
things like changes in
tone and tempo.
STRESS
the quality of a sound
governed by the rate of
vibrations producing it;
the degree of highness
or lowness of a tone.
PITCH
The pauses or breaks
between syllables. It
refers to the transition
between sounds.
JUNCTURE

23. Suprasegmentals as Tools for Speech
and Theater
how fast or slow a person
speaks. Rate is part of the
paralanguage of speech along
with loudness and pitch. It is not
language but it accompanies all
of your spoken use of language
and can convey attitude and
emotion.
RATE
how clearly and distinctly a
particular individual forms the
sounds that make up a word.
ENUNCIATION

24. Public
Speaking
Involves communicating
information before a large audience.
What makes public speaking different
than, say, just talking to a crowd of
people, is in the way information is
conveyed. In public speaking, the
information is purposeful and meant to
inform, influence or entertain a group
of listeners.

25. End of Presentation!
Thank you!