Oral communication involves transmission of information between two or more people using shared language and physical means. It requires a sender, receiver, message, channel and shared code. Some key features include its natural and bidirectional nature, fleeting character which allows for clarification, and reflection of diversity in origins and culture. Advantages include richness of expression and ability to clarify, while disadvantages include potential for misinterpretation and lack of understanding from differences in language or register. Proper breathing and use of the lungs, glottis, oral cavity and resonators are required for voice production, and clear diction is important for effective oral communication.

1. Oral communication
Karen Dugarte
C.I. 23497121
Oral communication

2. Oral communication is that which is
established between two or more
people using a language or code shared
through a means of physical
transmission, which was traditionally the
air, although today we can add the
phone or videoconference.
Oral communication allows us to
transmit the person with whom we
speak information, ideas, feelings,
emotions, beliefs, opinions, attitudes,
etc.
Elements
It requires a sender and a receiver of messages, also the basic voice and hearing
channels, and if necessary a technical channel such as a telephone. In the same
way it is defined in a context or situation that defines the type of language; and
requires a shared code, as would be the same language.
 Issuer: He is the one who delivers the speech.
 Receiver: It is the one to whom the speech is directed.
 Message: It is the information that is transmitted (which is usually greater or
different from what is intended to be transmitted).
 Channel: It is the support on which the message is mounted: the spoken word,
the air that vibrates to transmit the sounds.
 Code: It is the language, the group of signs shared by the sender and the
receiver.
 Situation: It is the context in which communication occurs and that influences
the meaning of the message.
Features
 Natural capacity
In oral communication, the production of messages requires the intervention of the
lungs and vocal cords for the emission of sounds.

3.  Bidirectionality
All oral communication needs at least one transmitter (or encoder) and one receiver
(or decoder). Generally, in the process both intersperse roles taking turns to occupy
these positions. This differentiates it from other forms that are clearly unidirectional.
 Fleeting character
In oral communication, both sender and receiver need to occupy the same temporary
position at the time of the communicative act.
 Performance errors
As it has an informal character, it is common for oral communication to present
errors. Among them, you can mention the common places, the muffins and the
unfinished phrases.
 Possibility of doubt and rectification
Thanks to its temporality, oral communications allow rapid exchange between the
encoder and the decoder. Likewise, it allows quick rectifications in the message and
additional explanations to ensure correct understanding.
 Diversity Reflection
There is no single way of speaking, even among those who handle the same
language. The origin and culture of those involved in a dialogue can be revealed in
the process.
 Body and proxemics support
Body posture, proximity between the interlocutors, gestures and even the way of
looking can, under certain conditions, accompany the
oral transmission of a message.

4. Advantages and disadvantages
In itself, the richness of expression in combination with sounds, obtaining immediate
answers are considered advantages; the possibility of making clarifications at the
time, as well as extensions or modifications to make the message more
understandable.
As disadvantages appear issues such as diverse interpretations, the ephemeral
content, the irreversibility of the spoken, the possible distortion, and the lack of
understanding due to differences in language or register.
Breathing
It is known that there is no specific voice producing mechanism. The tongue, the
vocal cords, for example, although they contribute to the formation of the voice, have
other functions.
That is why it is affirmed by the same fact, that speaking is only a secondary function
of these organs, since a program for the education of the voice is necessary,
because when we are born we already know how to breathe, instead we have to
learn to speak.
I will try to explain in a succinct and remote way as much as possible the technical
language, the human emission of the voice.
This is essentially constituted by:
 The lungs, which act like bellows.
 The glottis, which is itself a vibrator.

5.  The oral cavity and nostrils, which are actually resonators-amplifiers.
The Bellows
Inside the thoracic box are the lungs, placed between the clavicles at the top, and
the diaphragm at the bottom.
Muscles cause the ribs to rise and widen when we take an inspiration; while when it
is exhaled, the ribs descend and contract, raising the diaphragm and leaving the air,
so that only during the expiration the sound that represents the word is emitted
through the voice.
The vibrator
The compressed air from the lungs travels through the trachea and passes to the
larynx, which is a kind of box located at the top of the first and formed by a set of
cartilages linked together, so that they can move like the joints of The bones of the
arm. Inside the larynx, extended between the cartilages, are the vocal cords, where
phonation originates.
The Resonators-Amplifiers
The vocal cords alone do not emit any sound, so they need resonance cavities, just
as the stringed instruments require their corresponding box.
That very weak sound, barely noticeable produced in the larynx by the vocal cords,
has to pass through some air chambers located in the throat and in the head, which
act as resonators.
These resonance cavities are: the upper part of the larynx, throat or pharynx, mouth
and nostrils.
Diction
The way of speaking is central to good communication.- In the field of
communication, being able to establish a clear and accessible exchange for those

6. who participate in it is essential. In this sense, the diction and the way of speaking is
just as important as the message or the content that is to be transmitted at a certain
moment.
Diction is that ability that a person has to speak correctly, to say, to establish orally
the ideas that we have abstractly in our mind.
Developing diction is a skill that not everyone has, especially if they are not
accustomed to expressing themselves orally in an orderly and clear manner. But the
diction is not only the expression or the content but especially the form, that is, being
able to speak correctly, without errors, with power and clearly so that the message
reaches the receiver more easily.