SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Is the Medium the Message?Is the Medium the Message?
Predicting Popularity of Top U.S. News SitesPredicting Popularity of Top U.S. News Sites
with Medium-Specific Featureswith Medium-Specific Features
Angela M. Lee
Annenberg School for Communication
University of Pennsylvania
amlee229@gmail.com
Twitter: angelamlee
12th
International Symposium on Online Journalism
Austin, TX
April 2, 2011
 McDonald’s wanted to improve sales of its shakes
 Most researchers: “Should the shakes be thicker? Sweeter? Colder?”
 Gerald Berstell: Focused on the customers
 Early morning
 Always alone
 Rarely bought anything besides shakes
 Never consumed the shakes in the store
 Who are they?
 “Milkshake mistakes?”: Focus only on the shakes itself; assume
breakfast means bacon & eggs to all, etc.
 Implications: 1. Who the consumers are affect how products are
produced & marketed. 2. It’s not only about the thing itself, but also
how and why consumers use it.
angelamlee
“Milkshake Mistakes” - Shirky
 “Despite the growth in web usage, the top news sites remain
stable and are mostly sites tied to legacy media outlets” (2011
State of the News Media Report).
 Importance of branding, source credibility, and
trustworthiness online (e.g., Abdulla et al., 2005; Meyer, 2009; Lin,
Salwen, Garrison & Driscoll, 2005).
Online news consumption: Known
Note: Simulated data
 But what accounts for this exponential differences, given all
top 10 sites offer news by comparably trustworthy sources?
Process gratifications, measured by 5 online news-specific features
Online news consumption: Unknown
Source: Nielsen
Online news: “A whole new experience?”Online news: “A whole new experience?”
 In the past, differences in news media predominantly equate
differences in mediated experiences regardless of genre
 Print newspapers: Textual and pictorial
 Radio news: Audio
 Television news: Moving pictures with audio
 How does the Internet change things?
 Same platform for all (e.g. newspapers, TV news stations, etc.)
to fight for audience attention
 Competition for news providers online is no longer only that of
content, but also consumption experiences (Seelig, 2008)
 New ways to consume news (i.e., much more choices)
 New ways to measure and study news consumption (Tewksbury,
2003)
““Mediumizing” online news and the InternetMediumizing” online news and the Internet
 How is “online news” a news medium? What sets it apart from
other news media? What do we mean by the Internet as “new
media?”
 To answer both questions require a priori understanding of
medium-specific attributes
 Uses & Gratifications: Focuses on media uses by centering on
the relationship between media attributes and the functions
they serve to users
 Content gratifications (i.e., for entertainment or diversion purposes)
 Social gratifications (i.e., For conversational uses)
 Process gratifications (i.e., The actual mediated experience)
Updated U&G: 5 online news-specific processUpdated U&G: 5 online news-specific process
gratificationsgratifications
1. Interactivity
 Interaction and interplay between “producers &
consumers” (Chan-Olmsted & Ha, 2003)
 Audience-oriented: Choices of content available to the
users to interact with (Ha & James, 1998; Seelig, 2008)
 Source-oriented: Reciprocal communication between
users and media (Ha & James, 1998; Seelig, 2008)
 “Golden standard” or “key advantage” of the Internet
(Quinn, 2005; Ha & James, 1998)
1. Immediacy
 Timely updates on breaking news (Deuze, 2003)
 Real-time distribution of news (Quinn, 2005)
 Immediate correction of misinformation (Seelig, 2008)
5 process gratifications - continued5 process gratifications - continued
3. Multimedia
 Amalgamation of texts, pictures, audio and video
(Quinn, 2005)
 Delivery of content in more engaging and creative
ways (Killebew, 2005; Sundar, 2000), which offers richer
process gratifications (Spyridou & Veglis, 2008; Huang,, 2007).
4. Information availability
 Use of hyperlinks to additional information (Ha &
James, 1998)
 Online news is about 4 times more likely to
incorporate information from other news outlets than
print newspapers (Maier, 2010)
 Offering of a plethora of information from rich and
diverse sources (Ferguson & Perse, 2000)
5 process gratifications - continued5 process gratifications - continued
5. Usability
 Factors that contribute to navigability, user
productivity and performance (Wilberg, 2003; Nielsen, 1994;
Schneiderman, 2004)
 Ease through which average users navigate a news site
in order to locate additional information
 With more channel and content choices than ever
before, Internet users can forgo less user-friendly sites
without worrying about not getting comparable news
information from elsewhere.
HypothesesHypotheses
 The more a news site incorporate the 5 medium-specific
features, the more likely it will attract audiences.
 Among the top 10 news sites in 2009, all else being equal…
 H1: The top three sites will utilize the five online news
interface-specific features differently from that of the bottom
three sites
 H2: Use of the five online news interface-specific features
will positively predict popularity of these top news sites
 RQ1: Which of the five online news interface-specific
features is the best predictor of popularity?
 RQ2: How does each top news site use the five online news
interface-specific features?
MethodMethod
 Sample: Yahoo News (#1), MSNBC News (#2), AOL News
(#3), ABC News (#8), Washington Post (#9), USA Today
(#10)
 Data: Recorded at 11am everyday for the entire month of
June, 2010 using Automator (Mac) and Safari web browser
 IV: Interactivity, immediacy, multimedia, information
availability, usability
 See codebook for detailed list of all items included in each
feature (all items standardized and summed)
 DV: Nielsen’s measure of unique audience visits
 Statistical analysis: 1. Independent Sample T-Test (H1), 2.
Maximum likelihood regression using structural equation
modeling
ResultsResults
 Supportive of H1, the top three “top 10” news sites
consistently used more immediacy feature, t(166)=9.39**,
multimedia feature, t(166)= 2.31*, information availability
feature, and usability feature, t(166)=3.59**.
 Supportive of H2, use of the five online news interface-
specific features significantly predicts popularity among the
top sites (R2
= 0.97).
 RQ3: “Information availability” is the strongest predictor
(b=1.22*); followed by usability (b=-.77**), immediacy
(b=.46**), multimedia (b=.29**), and interactivity (b=.07*)
 Post-hoc: ABC’s abnormally large number of “popularity
stories” (i.e., most viewed, most commented, most emailed)
contributes to the negative slope in the usability variable
Note: *p<0.5; **p<0.005
RQ2: How do these top sites utilize the five onlineRQ2: How do these top sites utilize the five online
news-specific features?news-specific features?
Take-home lessons:Take-home lessons:
 More popular “top sites” are consistently more online news
interface-specific feature-heavy
 The five online news interface-specific features significantly
predict differences in popularity among the “top ten” news sites
 “Information availability” is the strongest predictor of
popularity among the “top ten” news sites:
 Special section with more extensive news coverage on select topics
 Special reports on select issues
 Number of total stories
 Number of alternative sources
 Hyperlinks to news stories from other sources
 Hyperlinks to relevant information from other sites
Future studiesFuture studies
 Repeat this study including mid-range “top 10” news stories
 Consider weighting individual items in each variable
 Track how evolution in usage of the 5 features predict
popularity over time
 Interview actual news consumers for more holistic
understanding of a potentially wider range of online news-
specific process gratifications not accounted for in this study
ConclusionConclusion
 Changes in Internet-use diffusion and online news media
landscape lead to ever-evolving online news consumption
patterns, and result in new opportunities for studying such
behaviors (Lin, Salwen, Garrison & Driscoll, 2005; Garrison, 2005)
 These changes call for empirical research to examine not
only causes but also effects of emerging consumption
patterns
 First we need to decipher how the Internet appeals to
consumers as a news medium so we can maximize its
medium-specific strengths to better match 21st
century
demands and desires
 Online news consumption studies should focus not only
on content but also medium.
““Is the medium the message?”Is the medium the message?”
 The medium is not the whole message in online news
consumption, the whole picture includes credibility,
news quality, news brands, etc., but the medium tells an
important and compelling story that deserves, and
ought to be heard.
Thank you for your time and attentionThank you for your time and attention 
Angela M. LeeAngela M. Lee
amlee229@gmail.comamlee229@gmail.com

More Related Content

What's hot

Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation
voelkeld
 
How Social Media is Impacting Traditional PR and Marketing oct 22
How Social Media is Impacting Traditional PR and Marketing oct 22How Social Media is Impacting Traditional PR and Marketing oct 22
How Social Media is Impacting Traditional PR and Marketing oct 22
shapira marketing
 
Social media, Group 1, Chapter 2
Social media, Group 1, Chapter 2Social media, Group 1, Chapter 2
Social media, Group 1, Chapter 2
adrianaemoran
 
The Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On Mainstream Journalism
The Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On Mainstream JournalismThe Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On Mainstream Journalism
The Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On Mainstream Journalism
twofourseven
 
Mnift Rev1
Mnift Rev1Mnift Rev1
Mnift Rev1
Donald Smith
 
Marketing Strategy: Pricing strategies and its influence on consumer purchasi...
Marketing Strategy: Pricing strategies and its influence on consumer purchasi...Marketing Strategy: Pricing strategies and its influence on consumer purchasi...
Marketing Strategy: Pricing strategies and its influence on consumer purchasi...
AI Publications
 
Optimizing the Use of Social Media for the Dissemination of Emergency Warnings
Optimizing the Use of Social Media for the Dissemination of Emergency WarningsOptimizing the Use of Social Media for the Dissemination of Emergency Warnings
Optimizing the Use of Social Media for the Dissemination of Emergency WarningsJames Embleton-Forrest, BA, MCGI
 
Convergence of media
Convergence of mediaConvergence of media
Convergence of media
Piyush Lulla
 
(2011) Case Study: Using Social Media to Promote an Academic Laboratory
(2011) Case Study: Using Social Media to Promote an Academic Laboratory(2011) Case Study: Using Social Media to Promote an Academic Laboratory
(2011) Case Study: Using Social Media to Promote an Academic Laboratory
International Center for Biometric Research
 
Social networking seminar church lead
Social networking seminar   church leadSocial networking seminar   church lead
Social networking seminar church lead
Rob Overton
 
The Evolution of the Revolution
The Evolution of the RevolutionThe Evolution of the Revolution
The Evolution of the Revolution
Lee Aase
 
Healthcare Pr 360
Healthcare Pr 360Healthcare Pr 360
Healthcare Pr 360
SpectrumScience
 
Healthcare PR 360
Healthcare PR 360Healthcare PR 360
Healthcare PR 360
SpectrumScience
 
OTOinsights "An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior"
OTOinsights "An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior"OTOinsights "An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior"
OTOinsights "An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior"
One to One
 
Reuters digital news report 2013
Reuters digital news report 2013Reuters digital news report 2013
Reuters digital news report 2013
Xosé María Cid
 
Literature Review of Information Behaviour on Social Media
Literature Review of Information Behaviour on Social MediaLiterature Review of Information Behaviour on Social Media
Literature Review of Information Behaviour on Social Media
David Thompson
 

What's hot (18)

Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation
 
How Social Media is Impacting Traditional PR and Marketing oct 22
How Social Media is Impacting Traditional PR and Marketing oct 22How Social Media is Impacting Traditional PR and Marketing oct 22
How Social Media is Impacting Traditional PR and Marketing oct 22
 
Social media, Group 1, Chapter 2
Social media, Group 1, Chapter 2Social media, Group 1, Chapter 2
Social media, Group 1, Chapter 2
 
The Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On Mainstream Journalism
The Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On Mainstream JournalismThe Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On Mainstream Journalism
The Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On Mainstream Journalism
 
Mnift Rev1
Mnift Rev1Mnift Rev1
Mnift Rev1
 
Marketing Strategy: Pricing strategies and its influence on consumer purchasi...
Marketing Strategy: Pricing strategies and its influence on consumer purchasi...Marketing Strategy: Pricing strategies and its influence on consumer purchasi...
Marketing Strategy: Pricing strategies and its influence on consumer purchasi...
 
Optimizing the Use of Social Media for the Dissemination of Emergency Warnings
Optimizing the Use of Social Media for the Dissemination of Emergency WarningsOptimizing the Use of Social Media for the Dissemination of Emergency Warnings
Optimizing the Use of Social Media for the Dissemination of Emergency Warnings
 
Convergence of media
Convergence of mediaConvergence of media
Convergence of media
 
Kinney_Thesis2016
Kinney_Thesis2016Kinney_Thesis2016
Kinney_Thesis2016
 
(2011) Case Study: Using Social Media to Promote an Academic Laboratory
(2011) Case Study: Using Social Media to Promote an Academic Laboratory(2011) Case Study: Using Social Media to Promote an Academic Laboratory
(2011) Case Study: Using Social Media to Promote an Academic Laboratory
 
Social networking seminar church lead
Social networking seminar   church leadSocial networking seminar   church lead
Social networking seminar church lead
 
The Evolution of the Revolution
The Evolution of the RevolutionThe Evolution of the Revolution
The Evolution of the Revolution
 
Healthcare Pr 360
Healthcare Pr 360Healthcare Pr 360
Healthcare Pr 360
 
Healthcare PR 360
Healthcare PR 360Healthcare PR 360
Healthcare PR 360
 
OTOinsights "An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior"
OTOinsights "An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior"OTOinsights "An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior"
OTOinsights "An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior"
 
Final document
Final documentFinal document
Final document
 
Reuters digital news report 2013
Reuters digital news report 2013Reuters digital news report 2013
Reuters digital news report 2013
 
Literature Review of Information Behaviour on Social Media
Literature Review of Information Behaviour on Social MediaLiterature Review of Information Behaviour on Social Media
Literature Review of Information Behaviour on Social Media
 

Viewers also liked

Cantrell. 2005.
Cantrell. 2005.Cantrell. 2005.
Cantrell. 2005.
Knight Center
 
Mensing. 2005.
Mensing. 2005.Mensing. 2005.
Mensing. 2005.
Knight Center
 
Boyer
BoyerBoyer
Storytelling
StorytellingStorytelling
Storytelling
Knight Center
 
Smith
SmithSmith
Robinson. 2008.
Robinson. 2008.Robinson. 2008.
Robinson. 2008.
Knight Center
 
Avery
AveryAvery
Blasingame2011
Blasingame2011Blasingame2011
Blasingame2011
Knight Center
 
Mensing
MensingMensing
Mensing
Knight Center
 
Evan Smith
Evan SmithEvan Smith
Evan Smith
Knight Center
 
Jennifer2011
Jennifer2011Jennifer2011
Jennifer2011
Knight Center
 
McGregor Watkins
McGregor WatkinsMcGregor Watkins
McGregor Watkins
Knight Center
 
Missouri
MissouriMissouri
Missouri
Knight Center
 
Katarina
KatarinaKatarina
Katarina
Knight Center
 
Lee
LeeLee
Wikipedia. lih.
Wikipedia. lih.Wikipedia. lih.
Wikipedia. lih.
Knight Center
 
Dugmore
DugmoreDugmore
Dugmore
Knight Center
 
Han
HanHan
Gingras
GingrasGingras
Gingras
Knight Center
 
Moroney jim
Moroney jimMoroney jim
Moroney jim
Knight Center
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Cantrell. 2005.
Cantrell. 2005.Cantrell. 2005.
Cantrell. 2005.
 
Mensing. 2005.
Mensing. 2005.Mensing. 2005.
Mensing. 2005.
 
Boyer
BoyerBoyer
Boyer
 
Storytelling
StorytellingStorytelling
Storytelling
 
Smith
SmithSmith
Smith
 
Robinson. 2008.
Robinson. 2008.Robinson. 2008.
Robinson. 2008.
 
Avery
AveryAvery
Avery
 
Blasingame2011
Blasingame2011Blasingame2011
Blasingame2011
 
Mensing
MensingMensing
Mensing
 
Evan Smith
Evan SmithEvan Smith
Evan Smith
 
Jennifer2011
Jennifer2011Jennifer2011
Jennifer2011
 
McGregor Watkins
McGregor WatkinsMcGregor Watkins
McGregor Watkins
 
Missouri
MissouriMissouri
Missouri
 
Katarina
KatarinaKatarina
Katarina
 
Lee
LeeLee
Lee
 
Wikipedia. lih.
Wikipedia. lih.Wikipedia. lih.
Wikipedia. lih.
 
Dugmore
DugmoreDugmore
Dugmore
 
Han
HanHan
Han
 
Gingras
GingrasGingras
Gingras
 
Moroney jim
Moroney jimMoroney jim
Moroney jim
 

Similar to Lee2011

Social Media in Journalism Chapter 3 Presentation
Social Media in Journalism Chapter 3 PresentationSocial Media in Journalism Chapter 3 Presentation
Social Media in Journalism Chapter 3 Presentation
Christine Valdez
 
The Changing Digital Landscape: Where Things are Heading
The Changing Digital Landscape: Where Things are HeadingThe Changing Digital Landscape: Where Things are Heading
The Changing Digital Landscape: Where Things are Heading
Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project
 
Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation
Sarah Pearson
 
Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation
Danno320
 
Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation
Sarah Pearson
 
Media convergence
Media convergenceMedia convergence
Media convergence
IIvankovic
 
Session1
Session1Session1
Session1oread30
 
Chapter 3 presentation ope
Chapter 3 presentation opeChapter 3 presentation ope
Chapter 3 presentation ope
opeyemiatilola1992
 
Using Social Technologies for Public Health, 2014
Using Social Technologies for Public Health, 2014Using Social Technologies for Public Health, 2014
Using Social Technologies for Public Health, 2014
Douglas Joubert
 
Research on Socially Enabled TV Advertising
Research on Socially Enabled TV AdvertisingResearch on Socially Enabled TV Advertising
Research on Socially Enabled TV Advertising
sarah_cui
 
Estudio data journalism-in-2017 - google
Estudio data journalism-in-2017 - googleEstudio data journalism-in-2017 - google
Estudio data journalism-in-2017 - google
Periodismo & Marketing Digital - Gemma Alcalá
 
Larrys Presentation5.17. 1
Larrys Presentation5.17. 1Larrys Presentation5.17. 1
Larrys Presentation5.17. 1phileilerpr
 
El periodismo de datos en 2017
El periodismo de datos en 2017El periodismo de datos en 2017
El periodismo de datos en 2017
María Rubio
 
Dissertation
DissertationDissertation
New Media Vs Traditional Media
New Media Vs Traditional MediaNew Media Vs Traditional Media
New Media Vs Traditional Media
Lillykemmy
 
Is Online News an Inferior Good? (Original)
Is Online News an Inferior Good? (Original)Is Online News an Inferior Good? (Original)
Is Online News an Inferior Good? (Original)Iris Chyi
 
The rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism
The rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism The rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism
The rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism
Victor Mambor
 
A Shift In Media Credibility
A Shift In Media CredibilityA Shift In Media Credibility
A Shift In Media Credibility
Asia Smith
 
Social Media for Marketing: An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior
Social Media for Marketing: An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User BehaviorSocial Media for Marketing: An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior
Social Media for Marketing: An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior
Tyler Pace
 

Similar to Lee2011 (20)

Social Media in Journalism Chapter 3 Presentation
Social Media in Journalism Chapter 3 PresentationSocial Media in Journalism Chapter 3 Presentation
Social Media in Journalism Chapter 3 Presentation
 
Example
ExampleExample
Example
 
The Changing Digital Landscape: Where Things are Heading
The Changing Digital Landscape: Where Things are HeadingThe Changing Digital Landscape: Where Things are Heading
The Changing Digital Landscape: Where Things are Heading
 
Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation
 
Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation
 
Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation Chapter 3 presentation
Chapter 3 presentation
 
Media convergence
Media convergenceMedia convergence
Media convergence
 
Session1
Session1Session1
Session1
 
Chapter 3 presentation ope
Chapter 3 presentation opeChapter 3 presentation ope
Chapter 3 presentation ope
 
Using Social Technologies for Public Health, 2014
Using Social Technologies for Public Health, 2014Using Social Technologies for Public Health, 2014
Using Social Technologies for Public Health, 2014
 
Research on Socially Enabled TV Advertising
Research on Socially Enabled TV AdvertisingResearch on Socially Enabled TV Advertising
Research on Socially Enabled TV Advertising
 
Estudio data journalism-in-2017 - google
Estudio data journalism-in-2017 - googleEstudio data journalism-in-2017 - google
Estudio data journalism-in-2017 - google
 
Larrys Presentation5.17. 1
Larrys Presentation5.17. 1Larrys Presentation5.17. 1
Larrys Presentation5.17. 1
 
El periodismo de datos en 2017
El periodismo de datos en 2017El periodismo de datos en 2017
El periodismo de datos en 2017
 
Dissertation
DissertationDissertation
Dissertation
 
New Media Vs Traditional Media
New Media Vs Traditional MediaNew Media Vs Traditional Media
New Media Vs Traditional Media
 
Is Online News an Inferior Good? (Original)
Is Online News an Inferior Good? (Original)Is Online News an Inferior Good? (Original)
Is Online News an Inferior Good? (Original)
 
The rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism
The rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism The rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism
The rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism
 
A Shift In Media Credibility
A Shift In Media CredibilityA Shift In Media Credibility
A Shift In Media Credibility
 
Social Media for Marketing: An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior
Social Media for Marketing: An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User BehaviorSocial Media for Marketing: An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior
Social Media for Marketing: An Analysis of Digg.com Engagement and User Behavior
 

More from Knight Center

Martin
MartinMartin
Britt
BrittBritt
Joseph yoo
Joseph yooJoseph yoo
Joseph yoo
Knight Center
 
Singer
SingerSinger
Ramirez
RamirezRamirez
Ramirez
Knight Center
 
Griggs
GriggsGriggs
Ting tingchia
Ting tingchiaTing tingchia
Ting tingchia
Knight Center
 
Symson
SymsonSymson
Garcia ruiz
Garcia ruizGarcia ruiz
Garcia ruiz
Knight Center
 
Brundrett. 2015
Brundrett. 2015Brundrett. 2015
Brundrett. 2015
Knight Center
 
J moroney
J moroneyJ moroney
J moroney
Knight Center
 
Collins
CollinsCollins
Collins
Knight Center
 
Ray
RayRay
Owen
OwenOwen
Royal blasingame
Royal blasingameRoyal blasingame
Royal blasingame
Knight Center
 
Diakopoulos
DiakopoulosDiakopoulos
Diakopoulos
Knight Center
 
Scacco
ScaccoScacco
Havlak
HavlakHavlak
Hernandez
HernandezHernandez
Hernandez
Knight Center
 
Robins
RobinsRobins

More from Knight Center (20)

Martin
MartinMartin
Martin
 
Britt
BrittBritt
Britt
 
Joseph yoo
Joseph yooJoseph yoo
Joseph yoo
 
Singer
SingerSinger
Singer
 
Ramirez
RamirezRamirez
Ramirez
 
Griggs
GriggsGriggs
Griggs
 
Ting tingchia
Ting tingchiaTing tingchia
Ting tingchia
 
Symson
SymsonSymson
Symson
 
Garcia ruiz
Garcia ruizGarcia ruiz
Garcia ruiz
 
Brundrett. 2015
Brundrett. 2015Brundrett. 2015
Brundrett. 2015
 
J moroney
J moroneyJ moroney
J moroney
 
Collins
CollinsCollins
Collins
 
Ray
RayRay
Ray
 
Owen
OwenOwen
Owen
 
Royal blasingame
Royal blasingameRoyal blasingame
Royal blasingame
 
Diakopoulos
DiakopoulosDiakopoulos
Diakopoulos
 
Scacco
ScaccoScacco
Scacco
 
Havlak
HavlakHavlak
Havlak
 
Hernandez
HernandezHernandez
Hernandez
 
Robins
RobinsRobins
Robins
 

Recently uploaded

AI and Covert Influence Operations: Latest Trends
AI and Covert Influence Operations: Latest TrendsAI and Covert Influence Operations: Latest Trends
AI and Covert Influence Operations: Latest Trends
CI kumparan
 
Short history indo pak 1965 war 1st pd.ppt
Short history indo pak 1965 war 1st pd.pptShort history indo pak 1965 war 1st pd.ppt
Short history indo pak 1965 war 1st pd.ppt
pawan543822
 
role of women and girls in various terror groups
role of women and girls in various terror groupsrole of women and girls in various terror groups
role of women and girls in various terror groups
sadiakorobi2
 
Draft-1-Resolutions-Key-Interventions-.pdf
Draft-1-Resolutions-Key-Interventions-.pdfDraft-1-Resolutions-Key-Interventions-.pdf
Draft-1-Resolutions-Key-Interventions-.pdf
bhavenpr
 
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
FIRST INDIA
 
Resolutions-Key-Interventions-28-May-2024.pdf
Resolutions-Key-Interventions-28-May-2024.pdfResolutions-Key-Interventions-28-May-2024.pdf
Resolutions-Key-Interventions-28-May-2024.pdf
bhavenpr
 
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdf
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdf
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdf
VoterMood
 
Hogan Comes Home: an MIA WWII crewman is returned
Hogan Comes Home: an MIA WWII crewman is returnedHogan Comes Home: an MIA WWII crewman is returned
Hogan Comes Home: an MIA WWII crewman is returned
rbakerj2
 
Sharjeel-Imam-Judgement-CRLA-215-2024_29-05-2024.pdf
Sharjeel-Imam-Judgement-CRLA-215-2024_29-05-2024.pdfSharjeel-Imam-Judgement-CRLA-215-2024_29-05-2024.pdf
Sharjeel-Imam-Judgement-CRLA-215-2024_29-05-2024.pdf
bhavenpr
 
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
FIRST INDIA
 
Codes n Conventionss copy (1).paaaaaaptx
Codes n Conventionss copy (1).paaaaaaptxCodes n Conventionss copy (1).paaaaaaptx
Codes n Conventionss copy (1).paaaaaaptx
ZackSpencer3
 
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In India
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaFuture Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In India
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In India
TheUnitedIndian
 
Preview of Court Document for Iseyin community
Preview of Court Document for Iseyin communityPreview of Court Document for Iseyin community
Preview of Court Document for Iseyin community
contact193699
 
Chapter-8th-Recent Developments in Indian Politics-PPT.pptx
Chapter-8th-Recent Developments in Indian Politics-PPT.pptxChapter-8th-Recent Developments in Indian Politics-PPT.pptx
Chapter-8th-Recent Developments in Indian Politics-PPT.pptx
ssuserec98a3
 
Do Linguistics Still Matter in the Age of Large Language Models.pptx
Do Linguistics Still Matter in the Age of Large Language Models.pptxDo Linguistics Still Matter in the Age of Large Language Models.pptx
Do Linguistics Still Matter in the Age of Large Language Models.pptx
Slator- Language Industry Intelligence
 
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
FIRST INDIA
 
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
FIRST INDIA
 
HISTORY- XII-Theme 3 - Kinship, Caste and Class.pptx
HISTORY- XII-Theme 3 - Kinship, Caste and Class.pptxHISTORY- XII-Theme 3 - Kinship, Caste and Class.pptx
HISTORY- XII-Theme 3 - Kinship, Caste and Class.pptx
aditiyad2020
 
2024 is the point of certainty. Forecast of UIF experts
2024 is the point of certainty. Forecast of UIF experts2024 is the point of certainty. Forecast of UIF experts
2024 is the point of certainty. Forecast of UIF experts
olaola5673
 
Mizzima Weekly Analysis & Insight Issue 1
Mizzima Weekly Analysis & Insight Issue 1Mizzima Weekly Analysis & Insight Issue 1
Mizzima Weekly Analysis & Insight Issue 1
Mizzima Media
 

Recently uploaded (20)

AI and Covert Influence Operations: Latest Trends
AI and Covert Influence Operations: Latest TrendsAI and Covert Influence Operations: Latest Trends
AI and Covert Influence Operations: Latest Trends
 
Short history indo pak 1965 war 1st pd.ppt
Short history indo pak 1965 war 1st pd.pptShort history indo pak 1965 war 1st pd.ppt
Short history indo pak 1965 war 1st pd.ppt
 
role of women and girls in various terror groups
role of women and girls in various terror groupsrole of women and girls in various terror groups
role of women and girls in various terror groups
 
Draft-1-Resolutions-Key-Interventions-.pdf
Draft-1-Resolutions-Key-Interventions-.pdfDraft-1-Resolutions-Key-Interventions-.pdf
Draft-1-Resolutions-Key-Interventions-.pdf
 
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
 
Resolutions-Key-Interventions-28-May-2024.pdf
Resolutions-Key-Interventions-28-May-2024.pdfResolutions-Key-Interventions-28-May-2024.pdf
Resolutions-Key-Interventions-28-May-2024.pdf
 
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdf
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdf
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdf
 
Hogan Comes Home: an MIA WWII crewman is returned
Hogan Comes Home: an MIA WWII crewman is returnedHogan Comes Home: an MIA WWII crewman is returned
Hogan Comes Home: an MIA WWII crewman is returned
 
Sharjeel-Imam-Judgement-CRLA-215-2024_29-05-2024.pdf
Sharjeel-Imam-Judgement-CRLA-215-2024_29-05-2024.pdfSharjeel-Imam-Judgement-CRLA-215-2024_29-05-2024.pdf
Sharjeel-Imam-Judgement-CRLA-215-2024_29-05-2024.pdf
 
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
 
Codes n Conventionss copy (1).paaaaaaptx
Codes n Conventionss copy (1).paaaaaaptxCodes n Conventionss copy (1).paaaaaaptx
Codes n Conventionss copy (1).paaaaaaptx
 
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In India
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaFuture Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In India
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In India
 
Preview of Court Document for Iseyin community
Preview of Court Document for Iseyin communityPreview of Court Document for Iseyin community
Preview of Court Document for Iseyin community
 
Chapter-8th-Recent Developments in Indian Politics-PPT.pptx
Chapter-8th-Recent Developments in Indian Politics-PPT.pptxChapter-8th-Recent Developments in Indian Politics-PPT.pptx
Chapter-8th-Recent Developments in Indian Politics-PPT.pptx
 
Do Linguistics Still Matter in the Age of Large Language Models.pptx
Do Linguistics Still Matter in the Age of Large Language Models.pptxDo Linguistics Still Matter in the Age of Large Language Models.pptx
Do Linguistics Still Matter in the Age of Large Language Models.pptx
 
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
 
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
 
HISTORY- XII-Theme 3 - Kinship, Caste and Class.pptx
HISTORY- XII-Theme 3 - Kinship, Caste and Class.pptxHISTORY- XII-Theme 3 - Kinship, Caste and Class.pptx
HISTORY- XII-Theme 3 - Kinship, Caste and Class.pptx
 
2024 is the point of certainty. Forecast of UIF experts
2024 is the point of certainty. Forecast of UIF experts2024 is the point of certainty. Forecast of UIF experts
2024 is the point of certainty. Forecast of UIF experts
 
Mizzima Weekly Analysis & Insight Issue 1
Mizzima Weekly Analysis & Insight Issue 1Mizzima Weekly Analysis & Insight Issue 1
Mizzima Weekly Analysis & Insight Issue 1
 

Lee2011

  • 1. Is the Medium the Message?Is the Medium the Message? Predicting Popularity of Top U.S. News SitesPredicting Popularity of Top U.S. News Sites with Medium-Specific Featureswith Medium-Specific Features Angela M. Lee Annenberg School for Communication University of Pennsylvania amlee229@gmail.com Twitter: angelamlee 12th International Symposium on Online Journalism Austin, TX April 2, 2011
  • 2.  McDonald’s wanted to improve sales of its shakes  Most researchers: “Should the shakes be thicker? Sweeter? Colder?”  Gerald Berstell: Focused on the customers  Early morning  Always alone  Rarely bought anything besides shakes  Never consumed the shakes in the store  Who are they?  “Milkshake mistakes?”: Focus only on the shakes itself; assume breakfast means bacon & eggs to all, etc.  Implications: 1. Who the consumers are affect how products are produced & marketed. 2. It’s not only about the thing itself, but also how and why consumers use it. angelamlee “Milkshake Mistakes” - Shirky
  • 3.  “Despite the growth in web usage, the top news sites remain stable and are mostly sites tied to legacy media outlets” (2011 State of the News Media Report).  Importance of branding, source credibility, and trustworthiness online (e.g., Abdulla et al., 2005; Meyer, 2009; Lin, Salwen, Garrison & Driscoll, 2005). Online news consumption: Known Note: Simulated data
  • 4.  But what accounts for this exponential differences, given all top 10 sites offer news by comparably trustworthy sources? Process gratifications, measured by 5 online news-specific features Online news consumption: Unknown Source: Nielsen
  • 5. Online news: “A whole new experience?”Online news: “A whole new experience?”  In the past, differences in news media predominantly equate differences in mediated experiences regardless of genre  Print newspapers: Textual and pictorial  Radio news: Audio  Television news: Moving pictures with audio  How does the Internet change things?  Same platform for all (e.g. newspapers, TV news stations, etc.) to fight for audience attention  Competition for news providers online is no longer only that of content, but also consumption experiences (Seelig, 2008)  New ways to consume news (i.e., much more choices)  New ways to measure and study news consumption (Tewksbury, 2003)
  • 6. ““Mediumizing” online news and the InternetMediumizing” online news and the Internet  How is “online news” a news medium? What sets it apart from other news media? What do we mean by the Internet as “new media?”  To answer both questions require a priori understanding of medium-specific attributes  Uses & Gratifications: Focuses on media uses by centering on the relationship between media attributes and the functions they serve to users  Content gratifications (i.e., for entertainment or diversion purposes)  Social gratifications (i.e., For conversational uses)  Process gratifications (i.e., The actual mediated experience)
  • 7. Updated U&G: 5 online news-specific processUpdated U&G: 5 online news-specific process gratificationsgratifications 1. Interactivity  Interaction and interplay between “producers & consumers” (Chan-Olmsted & Ha, 2003)  Audience-oriented: Choices of content available to the users to interact with (Ha & James, 1998; Seelig, 2008)  Source-oriented: Reciprocal communication between users and media (Ha & James, 1998; Seelig, 2008)  “Golden standard” or “key advantage” of the Internet (Quinn, 2005; Ha & James, 1998) 1. Immediacy  Timely updates on breaking news (Deuze, 2003)  Real-time distribution of news (Quinn, 2005)  Immediate correction of misinformation (Seelig, 2008)
  • 8. 5 process gratifications - continued5 process gratifications - continued 3. Multimedia  Amalgamation of texts, pictures, audio and video (Quinn, 2005)  Delivery of content in more engaging and creative ways (Killebew, 2005; Sundar, 2000), which offers richer process gratifications (Spyridou & Veglis, 2008; Huang,, 2007). 4. Information availability  Use of hyperlinks to additional information (Ha & James, 1998)  Online news is about 4 times more likely to incorporate information from other news outlets than print newspapers (Maier, 2010)  Offering of a plethora of information from rich and diverse sources (Ferguson & Perse, 2000)
  • 9. 5 process gratifications - continued5 process gratifications - continued 5. Usability  Factors that contribute to navigability, user productivity and performance (Wilberg, 2003; Nielsen, 1994; Schneiderman, 2004)  Ease through which average users navigate a news site in order to locate additional information  With more channel and content choices than ever before, Internet users can forgo less user-friendly sites without worrying about not getting comparable news information from elsewhere.
  • 10. HypothesesHypotheses  The more a news site incorporate the 5 medium-specific features, the more likely it will attract audiences.  Among the top 10 news sites in 2009, all else being equal…  H1: The top three sites will utilize the five online news interface-specific features differently from that of the bottom three sites  H2: Use of the five online news interface-specific features will positively predict popularity of these top news sites  RQ1: Which of the five online news interface-specific features is the best predictor of popularity?  RQ2: How does each top news site use the five online news interface-specific features?
  • 11. MethodMethod  Sample: Yahoo News (#1), MSNBC News (#2), AOL News (#3), ABC News (#8), Washington Post (#9), USA Today (#10)  Data: Recorded at 11am everyday for the entire month of June, 2010 using Automator (Mac) and Safari web browser  IV: Interactivity, immediacy, multimedia, information availability, usability  See codebook for detailed list of all items included in each feature (all items standardized and summed)  DV: Nielsen’s measure of unique audience visits  Statistical analysis: 1. Independent Sample T-Test (H1), 2. Maximum likelihood regression using structural equation modeling
  • 12. ResultsResults  Supportive of H1, the top three “top 10” news sites consistently used more immediacy feature, t(166)=9.39**, multimedia feature, t(166)= 2.31*, information availability feature, and usability feature, t(166)=3.59**.  Supportive of H2, use of the five online news interface- specific features significantly predicts popularity among the top sites (R2 = 0.97).  RQ3: “Information availability” is the strongest predictor (b=1.22*); followed by usability (b=-.77**), immediacy (b=.46**), multimedia (b=.29**), and interactivity (b=.07*)  Post-hoc: ABC’s abnormally large number of “popularity stories” (i.e., most viewed, most commented, most emailed) contributes to the negative slope in the usability variable Note: *p<0.5; **p<0.005
  • 13. RQ2: How do these top sites utilize the five onlineRQ2: How do these top sites utilize the five online news-specific features?news-specific features?
  • 14. Take-home lessons:Take-home lessons:  More popular “top sites” are consistently more online news interface-specific feature-heavy  The five online news interface-specific features significantly predict differences in popularity among the “top ten” news sites  “Information availability” is the strongest predictor of popularity among the “top ten” news sites:  Special section with more extensive news coverage on select topics  Special reports on select issues  Number of total stories  Number of alternative sources  Hyperlinks to news stories from other sources  Hyperlinks to relevant information from other sites
  • 15. Future studiesFuture studies  Repeat this study including mid-range “top 10” news stories  Consider weighting individual items in each variable  Track how evolution in usage of the 5 features predict popularity over time  Interview actual news consumers for more holistic understanding of a potentially wider range of online news- specific process gratifications not accounted for in this study
  • 16. ConclusionConclusion  Changes in Internet-use diffusion and online news media landscape lead to ever-evolving online news consumption patterns, and result in new opportunities for studying such behaviors (Lin, Salwen, Garrison & Driscoll, 2005; Garrison, 2005)  These changes call for empirical research to examine not only causes but also effects of emerging consumption patterns  First we need to decipher how the Internet appeals to consumers as a news medium so we can maximize its medium-specific strengths to better match 21st century demands and desires  Online news consumption studies should focus not only on content but also medium.
  • 17. ““Is the medium the message?”Is the medium the message?”  The medium is not the whole message in online news consumption, the whole picture includes credibility, news quality, news brands, etc., but the medium tells an important and compelling story that deserves, and ought to be heard.
  • 18. Thank you for your time and attentionThank you for your time and attention  Angela M. LeeAngela M. Lee amlee229@gmail.comamlee229@gmail.com

Editor's Notes

  1. Genre: (i.e., local, national, or international news) Depends: NYT is much more like newspapers (textual), whereas ABC news is much more like TV .