This document summarizes research on media content curation and how it relates to traditional concepts of gatewatching and gatekeeping in journalism. It discusses how curation aggregates existing social media and traditional media content without creating original news. A study analyzed 450 social media curation stories from 2011 revolutions and found they relied on multiple sources, especially citizen eyewitnesses and their own contributions. The study also found curation uses various interactive features to quickly publish stories and allow open discussion. The research concludes social media curation is affecting traditional gatekeeping roles by opening input, output and commentary to all users.
The question of whether greater competitiveness of news media market can prevent media capture and leads to greater-quality news provision in general has been receiving lots of attention in literature especially in the recent years due to growth of unconventional media sources and fake-news proliferation. We build a model of perfectly competitive news media market with a novel feature of quality externalities. Employing the model, we show that perfect competition can make the market converge to a fake-news equilibrium as well as to an informative-news equilibrium. Based on the model, we demonstrate how such a structure of news media market can be exploited by a politician in order to eectively achieve media capture without totalitarian control over the media as demonstrated by case studies of Silvio Berlusconi, Vladimir Putin, and Donald Trump.
Social Media Potential in Forecasting Presidential Election Results in Poland...Pawel Kuczma
Presentation describing results of Pawel Kuczma, and Wlodzimierz Gogolek, Institute of Journalism, University of Warsaw presented on General Online Research Conference - GOR 11, March 14-16, 2011, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
The Impact of COVID-19 on Journalism in Emerging Economies and the Global SouthDamian Radcliffe
This report explores the untold story of how the COVID crisis has impacted on journalists – and journalism - in Emerging Economies and the Global South. It’s a story told not only through the insights of industry leaders, advocates and media experts – but critically, through the voices of the journalists themselves, too often unheard or silenced. It is the first report of its kind to bring together both fact-based data and first-hand experience with this regional focus.
Taking a deep dive into the critical challenges faced by the profession, the report examines issues including the pandemic’s impact on the personal safety and welfare of journalists, the structure of newsrooms and disruption to business models, the proliferation of fake news, and surging threats to media freedom. The study also identifies best practice and innovative approaches that have been developed as a response to the challenges of COVID-19.
Contributing alumni from TRF’s journalism training programmes span 26 countries, sharing their own experiences to illustrate the reality of journalism outside of North America and Western Europe.
First published by the Thomson Reuters Foundation on 14th January 2021 at http://covid-report.trust.org/
The question of whether greater competitiveness of news media market can prevent media capture and leads to greater-quality news provision in general has been receiving lots of attention in literature especially in the recent years due to growth of unconventional media sources and fake-news proliferation. We build a model of perfectly competitive news media market with a novel feature of quality externalities. Employing the model, we show that perfect competition can make the market converge to a fake-news equilibrium as well as to an informative-news equilibrium. Based on the model, we demonstrate how such a structure of news media market can be exploited by a politician in order to eectively achieve media capture without totalitarian control over the media as demonstrated by case studies of Silvio Berlusconi, Vladimir Putin, and Donald Trump.
Social Media Potential in Forecasting Presidential Election Results in Poland...Pawel Kuczma
Presentation describing results of Pawel Kuczma, and Wlodzimierz Gogolek, Institute of Journalism, University of Warsaw presented on General Online Research Conference - GOR 11, March 14-16, 2011, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
The Impact of COVID-19 on Journalism in Emerging Economies and the Global SouthDamian Radcliffe
This report explores the untold story of how the COVID crisis has impacted on journalists – and journalism - in Emerging Economies and the Global South. It’s a story told not only through the insights of industry leaders, advocates and media experts – but critically, through the voices of the journalists themselves, too often unheard or silenced. It is the first report of its kind to bring together both fact-based data and first-hand experience with this regional focus.
Taking a deep dive into the critical challenges faced by the profession, the report examines issues including the pandemic’s impact on the personal safety and welfare of journalists, the structure of newsrooms and disruption to business models, the proliferation of fake news, and surging threats to media freedom. The study also identifies best practice and innovative approaches that have been developed as a response to the challenges of COVID-19.
Contributing alumni from TRF’s journalism training programmes span 26 countries, sharing their own experiences to illustrate the reality of journalism outside of North America and Western Europe.
First published by the Thomson Reuters Foundation on 14th January 2021 at http://covid-report.trust.org/
Resources are an integral and necessary component of social movement mobilization.
Media exposure represents an important resource for movements having few
assets. Therefore, many movements consciously seek media attention to enhance
their chance of success. This article argues that media attention often impedes
movement success. The positive or negative outcome of media attention largely
depends on how media agents "frame" movement goals and actions. How the
media frames movement protest is an unknown outcome for a movement. Decisions
about framing depend on several factors, some of which lie outside the
control of movement actors. I use NBC EveningNews coverage of Native American
protest from 1968 - 1979 in an attempt to understand these factors. This case
study shows the dysfunctions of media attention.
How the current research agenda in communication and media might engage with state building (human rights & representation)
Effective States and the Media: a research dialogue across disciplines
Presentation by Professor Robin Mansell, London School of Economics
Presentation & discussion on how media and communication research is contributing to research dialogue on effective and fragile states
This is the communication campaign plan for The Investigative Reporting Workshop that I've developed as part of my Public Relations Case Studies class.
Resources are an integral and necessary component of social movement mobilization.
Media exposure represents an important resource for movements having few
assets. Therefore, many movements consciously seek media attention to enhance
their chance of success. This article argues that media attention often impedes
movement success. The positive or negative outcome of media attention largely
depends on how media agents "frame" movement goals and actions. How the
media frames movement protest is an unknown outcome for a movement. Decisions
about framing depend on several factors, some of which lie outside the
control of movement actors. I use NBC EveningNews coverage of Native American
protest from 1968 - 1979 in an attempt to understand these factors. This case
study shows the dysfunctions of media attention.
How the current research agenda in communication and media might engage with state building (human rights & representation)
Effective States and the Media: a research dialogue across disciplines
Presentation by Professor Robin Mansell, London School of Economics
Presentation & discussion on how media and communication research is contributing to research dialogue on effective and fragile states
This is the communication campaign plan for The Investigative Reporting Workshop that I've developed as part of my Public Relations Case Studies class.
This is an invited talk I presented at the University of Zurich, speakers' series 2.10.2017. The presentation is based on the following paper: Brandtzaeg, P. B., & Følstad, A. (2017). Trust and distrust in online fact-checking services. Communications of the ACM. 60(9): 65-71
Gatewatching 4: Random Acts of Gatewatching: Everyday Newssharing PracticesAxel Bruns
Lecture 4 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). Random Acts of Gatewatching: Everyday Newssharing Practices. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 4. Peter Lang.
Responding to ‘Fake News’: Journalistic Perceptions of and Reactions to a Del...Axel Bruns
Paper by Aljosha Karim Schapals and Axel Bruns presented at the ECREA 2022 post-conference ‘Digital Media and Information Disorders’, Aarhus, 24 Oct. 2022.
Bureaucracy and Citizen Journalism Issues and Challenges Imperative for Media...ijtsrd
Using the in depth interview research method, this study examines bureaucracy and citizen journalism by giving a cursory attention to the issues and challenges of the practice in Nigeria. A sample of 30 respondents who cut across the six geo political zones of the country was interviewed via online medium to give answers to the research objectives. Among the questions posed was to ascertain the influence of citizen journalism on professional media practice. Findings showed that bureaucracy is a constraint to efficient administration in media practice as well as altering the news content which has a damning effect on public interest. The study also discovered that adherence to bureaucracy in media practice can save the hot and exuberant reporter. Citizen journalism was also found to be unprocessed material, hence, unfit for public consumption. The study recommended the use of gate keeping in the practice of citizen journalism as well as adherence to rules and regulations. Raphael Abumchukwu Ekwunife | Helen Ijeoma Nwachukwu | Ikechukwu Ogeze Ukeje "Bureaucracy and Citizen Journalism: Issues and Challenges Imperative for Media Practice in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46317.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/journalism/46317/bureaucracy-and-citizen-journalism-issues-and-challenges-imperative-for-media-practice-in-nigeria/raphael-abumchukwu-ekwunife
Role of Media for Boosting the Morale of Audience during COVID 19 Pandemic A ...ijtsrd
Mass media is considered as a powerful force on shaping and presenting the world to the masses. The role of media in the times of crisis and how effectively public health communication is carried out by media is also studied here. The study brings out the relevance of media analysis during the time of pandemic and its effectiveness in communicating the information on pandemic to the masses. The study also aims to understand the role of opinion leader done by media during pandemic using survey method with structured questionnaire. The study has clearly shown justice to find out the role of media in promoting unity in pandemic times and also monitored media role of dissemination of true information to the masses. The study also focussed on effectiveness of crisis management by media during pandemic. Dr. Saranya Thaloor "Role of Media for Boosting the Morale of Audience during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31373.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/journalism/31373/role-of-media-for-boosting-the-morale-of-audience-during-covid19-pandemic-a-critical-study/dr-saranya-thaloor
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
1. AJM 1ISOJ 2012
Prof. Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva
katarina.stanoevska@unine.ch
Vittoria Sacco
vittoria.sacco@unine.ch
Marco Giardina
marco.giardina@unine.ch
Content Curation: a new form
of Gatewatching for social
media?
2. AJM 2ISOJ 2012
Characteristics and similarities of media content curation
with gatewatching processes.
Potential roles of media content curation to be a filter for
social media content.
Potential changes imposed by media content curation on the
media landscape.
GOALS
3. AJM 3ISOJ 2012
INTRODUCTION & GAPS
Online journalism has created new forms and new genres.
The audience is more involved in news production and distribution.
Social media have lowered the barriers for citizen contributions.
But, eyewitness journalism in social media has several disadvantages:
the sheer amount of information provided is overwhelming and cannot reach
everyone;
information pushed forward by new contributions vanishes from readers' screens;
several sources talk about the same events but from different perspectives;
lacks a clear storyline which calls for the need to have someone to make sense out of
the flow of information, to find the best content and to give credit to the right
sources.
4. AJM 4ISOJ 2012
LITERATURE REVIEW
Gatekeeping Gatewatching
Definition
It is the practice of deciding why one story is selected to be
reported and the other is not (Bruns, 2006). It concerns
the newsgathering and news production processes and the
reasons given by newspapers editors for discarding
possible news issues (White, 1950).
Gatewatching should represent the new role of media
organizations which have lost the power to choose what news
to include or to exclude in the editorial processes (Bruns,
2006). Gatewatchers do not embody journalists’ roles but they
amalgamate traditional gatekeeping processes with
information aggregation (Bruns, 2003).
Characteristics
Organizational factors and journalists’ workflows
(Beam, 1990; Reese & Ballinger, 2001; Shoemaker et
al., 2001);
Events concurring within the time frame of publication
Unpredicted stories (Singer, 1998);
Events diverging from others already published (Singer,
1998);
Expert judgment motivation (Berkowitz, 1997);
Political ideology (Chang & Lee, 1992);
Education (Peterson, 1979);
Other background experiences (Peterson, 1979);
Class position (Gans, 1979);
And career pressures(Gans, 1979).
Gatewatching is based on accessible information and
sources (Bruns, 2003).
The public is an active reader by taking some of the roles of
traditional gatekeepers, such as the assessment of sources
and misinformation bias moderated by gatewatchers’
comments (Bruns, 3003).
Three stages of Gatewatching (Bruns, 2008):
1. Disclosure and access to original sources of information;
2. Openness towards users to check input information;
3. Participation of users in all stages of news production.
Examples Traditional newspapers
Slashdot, IndyMedia, Kuro5hin, MediaChannel, OhmyNews &
Wikinews
5. AJM 5ISOJ 2012
MEDIA CONTENT CURATION
From a structural point of view, main components of curated stories are:
The original contributions curated from social and/or conventional media;
The context and background information provided by the author;
Additional meta-data as date and time of publication, author and other such
similar information. The number of provided additional meta-information
depends on the tool used to curate and create the story.
Key aspects of media content curation based on gatewatching (Bruns, 2005) are
the following:
All submitted stories are published instantly (no editorial intervention at the
input or output stage);
Where editorial decisions are made, they are entirely transparent to users;
News stories and the entire website system itself are freely redistributable.
6. AJM 6ISOJ 2012
STORIFY.COM
Number
of views
Author’s
Profile
Content
created by the
author
Hyperlink on
an online
journal
Curated content :
Youtube video
Curated
content: Picture
from yfrog
Curated content: Tweet
Curated content : Tweets
Content created by the
author
Profile of
the person
who has
posted the
Tweet
Date and
hour when
the Tweet
has been
posted
Source: http://storify.com/ajestream/the-
egypt-effect
7. AJM 7ISOJ 2012
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
RQ1:
Which are the sources employed in social media curation?
RQ2:
What are the types of interactive features commonly adopted in social media
curation?
RQ3:
Is social media curation affecting the levels of gates?
8. AJM 8ISOJ 2012
METHODOLOGY
Sources Definition
Media Organizations All level of media professionals involved in media organizations without country distinction
Citizens Eyewitnesses, victims, prisoners, fighters, protesters and their families from the country of
revolutions.
Official Official and administration authorities (i.e. members of governments or military forces).
NGOs Non-profit organizations (i.e. Amnesty International or the Red Cross).
Non-Arab People People not physically involved in the rebellions and that do not live in Arab countries.
Arab People Arab people and refugees that do not live in the countries of the rebellion stories.
Themselves Social media posts of the writers themselves.
Others/unknown Sources not identified or that could not be part of the other categories
Content Analysis (Krippendorff, 2004; Kolbe &Brunett, 1991; Kassarjian, 1977)
9. AJM 9ISOJ 2012
DATA GATHERING AND CODING PROCESS
Sample
450 Storify’s stories whose Yemen (43), Syria (74), Barhain (74), Libya (96), Egypt (96),
more than one revolution (66).
Period from January-February 2011 to August 2011.
Key words searched in Google: revolution, rebellion, freedom, flag, fight and civil war,
main cities, name of the dictators + the country name (There was no search engine
directly in the website at the time of the study).
Coding
Unit of analysis = the story
Binary coding + demographic variables of authors
Crosstabs for describing the inference about variables meaning.
Reliability (Krippendorff, 2004)
Krippendorff’s α for sources = 0.820
Krippendorff’s α normal for technical sources = 0.956
12. AJM 12ISOJ 2012
CONCLUSIONS
RQ1: Which are the sources employed in social media curation?
Social media curation comprise several sources, while at the same
time posting one’s own story as the primary source of information.
Social media curation gives access to internal and external sources in
ways that are unique and add enough value to attract news users.
RQ2: What are the types of interactive features commonly adopted in
social media curation?
Results reveal that curation glues existing social media content and
traditional media content without creating original news itself.
Readers can quickly access of news delivery since new stories can be
published as soon as source information is found anywhere on the
Web.
13. AJM 13ISOJ 2012
CONCLUSIONS
RQ3: Is social media curation affecting the levels of gates?
Stages Gatekeeping
(Bruns, 2005,
p.12)
Citizen Journalism
(Bruns, 2008, p.79)
Storify’s stories
Amateurs authors Media Professionals
authors
Gatewatchi
ng
-
Gatewatching of
news sources open
to all users
Gatewatching as
primary source open to
all users
Gatewatching as primary
source open to all users
Input
News gathering
only by staff
journalists
Submission of
gatewatched stories
to all users
Submission of
gatewatched stories to
all users
Submission of
gatewatched stories to
all users
Output
Closed editorial
hierarchy
Instant publishing
or collaborative
editing of stories
Instant publishing
Story selection
controlled by media
editors.
Response
Editorial
selection of
letters/calls to
be made public
Discussion and
commentary open
to all users.
Discussion and
commentary open to
all users.
Discussion and
commentary open to all
users.
14. AJM 14ISOJ 2012
REFERNCES
• Beam, R. A. (1990). Journalism professionalism as an organizational-level concept: Association for Education in Journalism
and Mass Communication.
• Berkowitz, D. A. (1997). Social meanings of news: A text-reader: Sage Publications, Inc.
• Bruns, A. (2003). Gatewatching, not gatekeeping: Collaborative online news. Media International Australia Incorporating
Culture and Policy: quarterly journal of media research and resources, 107, 31-44.
• Bruns, A. (2005). Gatewatching: Collaborative online news production (Vol. 26): Peter Lang Pub Inc.
• Bruns, A. (2006). Wikinews: The Next Generation of Online News? Scan Journal, 3(1).
• Bruns, A. (2008). Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and beyond: From production to produsage (Vol. 45): Peter Lang Pub Inc.
• Chang, T. K., & Lee, J. W. (1992). Factors affecting gatekeepers' selection of foreign news: A national survey of newspaper
editors. Journalism Quarterly, 69, 554-554.
• Kassarjian, H. H. (1977). Content analysis in consumer research. Journal of consumer research, 8-18.
• Kolbe, R. H., & Burnett, M. S. (1991). Content-analysis research: An examination of applications with directives for
improving research reliability and objectivity. Journal of consumer research, 243-250.
• Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology: Sage Publications, Inc.
• Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding what's news: a study of CBS evening news, NBC nightly news, Newsweek, and Time:
Northwestern Univ Pr.
• Peterson, S. (1979). Foreign News Gatekeepers and Criteria of Newsworthiness. Journalism Quarterly, 56(1), 116-125.
• Reese, S. D., & Ballinger, J. (2001). The roots of a sociology of news: Remembering Mr. Gates and social control in the
newsroom. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 78(4), 641-658.
• Shoemaker, P. J., Eichholz, M., Kim, E., & Wrigley, B. (2001). Individual and routine forces in gatekeeping. Journalism Mass
Communication Quarterly, 78(2), 233-246.
• Singer, J. B. (1998). Online journalists: Foundations for research into their changing roles. Journal of Computer-Mediated
Communication, 4(1).
• White, D. M. (1950). The “gate keeper”: A study in the selection of news. Journalism Quarterly, 27, 383–390.