MPA 213 Management of Rural Urban Development

1. METROPOLITAN
GOVERNANCE: MODELS &
VARIATIONS

2. Metropolitan Governance can be defined as a
collaboration between governmental bodies and
non-governmental agencies to ensure quality of
living through services and implementation of
policies within a given Metropolitan Area.
(Slack, 2019)

3. What is a Metropolitan Area?
Metropolitan Areas usually are
composed of one core city,
surrounded by suburbs, neighboring
cities, towns, up unto the villages
and barangays.

4. There are 8 known Metropolitan Arrangements in the Philippines:
1.Metro Manila
2.Metro Naga
3.Metro BLIST
4.CAMADA
5.Metro Cebu
6.Metro Iloilo
7.Metro Cagayan de Oro
8.Metro Davao

5. Governing Bodies for each metropolitan arrangement in the
Philippines
Metro Manila: Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA).
Metro Naga: Metro Naga Development Council
Metro BLIST (formerly Metro Baguio): for Short Term:
Consultative Forum; Long Term: a “Metro Authority”
CAMADA (formerly Metro Dagupan): still under study

6. Metro Cebu: Metro Cebu Development Council
Metro Iloilo: (proposed) Metro Iloilo Development
Council
Metro Cagayan de Oro: still under study
Metro Davao: Davao Integrated Development
Program Board/ Committee/ Management Office

7. MODELS OF GOVERNANCE
Five Models of Metropolitan Governance (Enid, 2019)
The table above summarizes five (5) common governance models used all over the world.

8. Manasan and Mercado (1998) also provided three (3)
basic models of governance that can be used by the
aforementioned Metropolitan Arrangements
observed in our country.
1.Metropolitan City: a single LGU has responsibility for
all local functions.
2.Jurisdictional fragmentation with second-tier structure
i. a council: a governing body composed of city and
town mayors comprising the metro arrangement.,

9. ii. an authority: a much more attractive structure in view of
its relative institutional permanence, greater corporate
powers and functions and fiscal advantage. Since it is more
of a technocratic organization than a political body, decision
making is politicized. An authority can only be created
through a congressional law, or
iii. a metro government: There is a single-tier council and
the city and municipal mayors act as area managers. The
governor coordinates the sectoral departments of the
national government.

10. 3. Functional Fragmentation
component LGUs have limited responsibilities for
service delivery. The model authorizes autonomous
local entities with corporate powers to undertake
specific services on a metro-wide basis.

11. According to Manasan and Mercado (1998), there
are four (4) major precursors of
metropolitanization.
1.common pressing problems can lead local
governments to band together in hopes of a
better solution.
FORMATION OF METROPOLITAN ARRANGEMENTS

12. 2.regional development programs, which define certain
areas targetted for development, often provide the
impetus for these areas to metamorphose into metro
arrangements.
3. a simple edict from the national government can put a
previously nonexistent metro arrangement into the map.
4. the initiatives of the locals themselves

13. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POLICY MAKING IN METROPOLITAN
GOVERNANCE
Marcel (2015) wrote in an article, 3 things that should be kept in mind
when governing cities in a metropolitan century.
1. Think geographically—across the full spectrum of cities, from megacities to
medium-sized cities to villages.
2. Think horizontally – across all relevant sectors, from infrastructure and
energy to human development and the environment; and
3. Think vertically – by looking across all levels of government, especially at
the local level, despite the centralized tradition of developing countries.

14. There are three key elements or conditions necessary for an effective and
efficient metropolitan planning and development.
1. a common vision of preservation and development of the region is crucial.
2. a unified economic and political base to implement the vision is necessary.
3. an appropriate metropolitan structure to provide an institutional framework
for successful planning and implementation of the region is inevitable.
These three conditions essentially constitute what we shall refer hereon as
the metropolitan governance framework

15. Agenda in support of metropolitan development:
1)Review of basic laws.
2)Review of provisions in the Local Government Code.
3)Conflicting priorities.
4)Harmony in diversity.
5)Planners should recognize the implications of
metropolitanization in the medium and long term.